Indigenous knowledge meets science to take on climate change
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0:01 - 0:07I guess all of you have
a smartphone or an iPhone, -
0:07 - 0:11and this morning, probably
you checked on the weather, -
0:11 - 0:14if its going to be rainy
to carry your umbrella, -
0:14 - 0:18if it is going to be sunny
to use your sunglasses, -
0:18 - 0:21or if it is going to be cold
to have an extra coat. -
0:22 - 0:28It's going to give you, sometime,
good information and sometime not. -
0:28 - 0:30Let me tell you,
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0:30 - 0:34my best app is my grandmother.
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0:34 - 0:36(Laughter)
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0:37 - 0:39She's called Mamadda.
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0:39 - 0:43She can tell you not only today's weather
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0:43 - 0:46but she can predict the next 12 months,
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0:46 - 0:51if it's going to be
a good rain season or not. -
0:51 - 0:55She can tell you just
by observing her environment, -
0:55 - 0:58by observing the wind direction,
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0:58 - 1:00the cloud position,
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1:00 - 1:01the bird migration,
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1:02 - 1:03the size of fruits,
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1:03 - 1:05the plant flowers.
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1:05 - 1:11She can tell you by observing
the behavior of her own cattle. -
1:12 - 1:16That's how she knows better
the weather and the ecosystem -
1:16 - 1:18that she's living in.
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1:19 - 1:24I'm coming from a pastoralist community
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1:24 - 1:25who are cattle herders.
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1:25 - 1:27We are nomadic.
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1:27 - 1:30We move from one place to another one
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1:30 - 1:32to find water and pasture.
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1:32 - 1:38We can move up to a thousand kilometers,
the size of California, within one year. -
1:40 - 1:46And this life helps us to live
in harmony with our ecosystem. -
1:47 - 1:48We understand each other.
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1:49 - 1:53For us, the nature is our supermarket,
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1:53 - 1:55where we can collect our food,
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1:55 - 1:56our water.
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1:56 - 2:00It's our pharmacy where we can
collect our medicinal plants. -
2:00 - 2:02But it's our school,
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2:02 - 2:05where we can learn better
how to protect it -
2:06 - 2:10and how it can give us back what we need.
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2:10 - 2:12But with the climate change impact,
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2:14 - 2:18we are experiencing a different impact.
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2:20 - 2:22In my community,
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2:23 - 2:28we have one of the top five
fresh waters in Africa. -
2:28 - 2:30It's Lake Chad.
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2:31 - 2:34When my mother was born,
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2:34 - 2:41Lake Chad used to be
about 25,000 kilometers square of water. -
2:41 - 2:47When I was born, 30 years ago,
it was 10,000 kilometers square. -
2:47 - 2:50And actually now,
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2:50 - 2:55it's about 1,200 kilometers
square of water. -
2:55 - 3:00Ninety percent of this water
just evaporated, disappeared. -
3:01 - 3:04And you have more than 40 million people
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3:04 - 3:08living around this lake
and depending on it. -
3:08 - 3:10They are pastoralists.
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3:10 - 3:11They are fishermen.
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3:11 - 3:14And they are farmers.
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3:14 - 3:17They do not depend on
the end of the month's salary. -
3:17 - 3:19They depend on the rainfall.
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3:19 - 3:22They depend on the crops that are growing
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3:22 - 3:25or the pasture for their cattle.
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3:27 - 3:29The shrinking resources,
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3:29 - 3:34you have many communities
that are fighting to get access. -
3:34 - 3:37The first come is the first served.
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3:37 - 3:41The second have to fight unto death.
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3:43 - 3:48So climate change
is impacting our environment -
3:48 - 3:51by changing our social life,
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3:52 - 3:58because the role of man and woman
in this region, it's different. -
3:58 - 4:02Man is supposed to feed his family,
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4:02 - 4:04take care of his community,
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4:04 - 4:06and if he cannot do that,
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4:08 - 4:10his dignity is under threat.
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4:13 - 4:16He cannot do anything else to pay it back.
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4:18 - 4:24So climate change takes our men
far away from us. -
4:24 - 4:25That is the migration.
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4:26 - 4:32They can migrate to a big city
where they can stay for six or 12 months, -
4:32 - 4:36where they get a job,
they can send back money. -
4:37 - 4:38If they didn't get it,
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4:38 - 4:41they have to jump into the Mediterranean
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4:41 - 4:44and migrate to Europe.
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4:44 - 4:48Some of them die there,
but none of them stop going. -
4:51 - 4:53Of course, it's sad
for the hosting country, -
4:53 - 4:55who are developed countries,
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4:56 - 4:59who have to adapt
to host the migrants coming. -
5:01 - 5:04But how about those who are left behind,
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5:04 - 5:09the women and the children
who have to play the role of men, -
5:09 - 5:10the role of women,
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5:10 - 5:12who have to take care of the security,
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5:12 - 5:16of the food, of the health
of the entire family, -
5:16 - 5:18children and old people?
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5:19 - 5:24So those women for me, they are my heroes,
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5:26 - 5:30because they are innovators,
they are solution makers, -
5:31 - 5:34they are changing
the little of the resources -
5:34 - 5:37into the big for the community.
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5:37 - 5:39So those are my people.
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5:40 - 5:46So we use our indigenous people's
traditional knowledge -
5:46 - 5:51to get better resilience
to what we need to survive. -
5:53 - 5:57Our knowledge is not only
for our communities. -
5:57 - 6:02It's to share with each
and others who are living with us. -
6:02 - 6:05And indigenous peoples around the world
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6:05 - 6:09are saving 80 percent
of the world's biodiversity. -
6:10 - 6:12That's the scientists who say that.
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6:14 - 6:16Indigenous peoples in the Amazon,
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6:17 - 6:23you can find the most diverse ecosystem,
better than the national park. -
6:24 - 6:27The indigenous peoples from the Pacific,
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6:27 - 6:30the grandma and the grandpa,
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6:30 - 6:36they know where to get food
after the hurricane hits them. -
6:37 - 6:41So the knowledge that our peoples know
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6:41 - 6:45is helping us to survive and helping
other peoples also to survive -
6:45 - 6:47the climate change impact.
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6:47 - 6:49The world is losing.
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6:49 - 6:54We lost already 60 percent of the species,
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6:54 - 6:56and it's increasing every day.
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6:57 - 7:02So one day, I took a scientist
to my community. -
7:02 - 7:08I said, you are giving the good weather
information through the TV and radio, -
7:09 - 7:11but how about coming to my people?
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7:11 - 7:13And then they come,
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7:14 - 7:16they sit around,
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7:16 - 7:20and suddenly, as we are nomadic,
we just start packing our stuff, -
7:20 - 7:23and then they say, like, "Are we moving?"
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7:23 - 7:26I'm like, "No, we are not moving.
It's going to rain." -
7:26 - 7:30And they're like, "Oh, there's no cloud.
How do you know it's going to rain?" -
7:30 - 7:33We're like, "Yeah, it's going to rain."
We pack our stuff. -
7:33 - 7:37Suddenly, heavy rain starts coming,
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7:37 - 7:41and we are seeing the scientist
running around, hiding under trees -
7:41 - 7:43and protecting their stuff.
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7:43 - 7:44We already packed ours.
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7:44 - 7:46(Laughter)
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7:47 - 7:51After the end of the rain,
the serious discussion starts. -
7:51 - 7:54They say, "How do you know
that it's going to rain?" -
7:55 - 7:59We say, "Well, the old woman
observed the insects -
7:59 - 8:02taking the eggs inside their homes,
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8:02 - 8:06and while the insect
cannot talk or watch TV, -
8:06 - 8:11they know how to predict
to protect their generations, -
8:11 - 8:13how to protect their food.
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8:13 - 8:16So for us it's the sign
that it's going to rain -
8:16 - 8:19in at maximum a couple of hours."
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8:19 - 8:20And then they say,
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8:20 - 8:23well, we do have knowledge,
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8:23 - 8:29but we do not combine ecological knowledge
and weather knowledge all together. -
8:30 - 8:33So that's how I started working
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8:33 - 8:38with meteorological scientists
and my communities -
8:38 - 8:42to give better information
to get peoples adapted to climate change. -
8:45 - 8:51I think, if we put together
all the knowledge systems that we have -- -
8:51 - 8:54science, technology,
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8:54 - 8:56traditional knowledge --
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8:56 - 9:01we can give the best of us
to protect our peoples, -
9:01 - 9:03to protect our planet,
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9:03 - 9:06to restore the ecosystem
that we are losing. -
9:07 - 9:09I did that in another way, also.
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9:10 - 9:14I used a tool that I really love a lot.
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9:14 - 9:18It's called a 3D participatory mapping:
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9:18 - 9:23participatory, because it can bring
women, men, -
9:23 - 9:25youth, elders,
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9:26 - 9:29all the intergenerational peoples.
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9:29 - 9:32Then they use science-based knowledge,
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9:32 - 9:35and the community comes together,
they build this map, -
9:35 - 9:38they figure out all
the knowledge that we have -
9:38 - 9:42about where is our sacred forest,
where is our water point, -
9:42 - 9:44where is our corridor,
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9:44 - 9:48where is the place that we move
during each season. -
9:50 - 9:54And these tools are amazing,
because it's building capacity of women, -
9:54 - 9:57because in our communities
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9:57 - 9:59women and men cannot sit together.
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9:59 - 10:03Men talk always, women just sitting there,
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10:03 - 10:04but in the back.
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10:04 - 10:06They are not there to take any decision.
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10:06 - 10:10So after the men figure out
all the knowledge, -
10:10 - 10:13we say, well, you call the women,
"Come and have a look." -
10:13 - 10:15They say, "Yes, sure,"
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10:15 - 10:17because they've already done
the first work. -
10:17 - 10:18(Laughter)
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10:18 - 10:20When the women come,
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10:20 - 10:23and they look at the map,
they're like, "Mm, no." -
10:23 - 10:24(Laughter)
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10:24 - 10:25"This is wrong.
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10:25 - 10:29Here's where I collect the medicine.
Here's where I collect the food. -
10:29 - 10:30Here's where I collect --"
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10:30 - 10:33So we changed the knowledge in the map,
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10:33 - 10:34and we called the men.
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10:35 - 10:37Well, they think about what women said.
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10:37 - 10:39All of them shaking their heads.
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10:39 - 10:41"They are right. They are right.
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10:41 - 10:43They are right."
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10:43 - 10:46So that's how we build
the capacity of the women -
10:46 - 10:48in giving them a voice
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10:48 - 10:50in this 3D participatory mapping,
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10:50 - 10:52so women get the detailed knowledge
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10:52 - 10:55that can help the community to adapt.
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10:55 - 10:58And man have the bigger picture knowledge.
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10:58 - 11:01So when we put it together,
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11:01 - 11:05this map helps them to discuss
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11:05 - 11:08but to mitigate the conflict
between the communities -
11:08 - 11:10to access the resources,
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11:10 - 11:12to share better these resources,
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11:12 - 11:13to restore it
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11:15 - 11:17and to manage it for the long term.
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11:20 - 11:23Our knowledge is very useful.
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11:23 - 11:25Indigenous peoples' knowledge
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11:25 - 11:29are very crucial for our planet.
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11:29 - 11:33It's crucial for all the peoples.
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11:34 - 11:40Science knowledge
was discovered 200 years ago, -
11:40 - 11:42technology 100 years ago,
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11:42 - 11:47but indigenous peoples' knowledge,
it's thousands of years ago. -
11:48 - 11:51So why we cannot put
all of these together, -
11:51 - 11:54combine those three knowledges
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11:54 - 11:56and give the better resilience
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11:56 - 12:02to the peoples who are getting
the impact of climate change? -
12:02 - 12:04And now it's not only
the developing countries. -
12:04 - 12:06It's the developed countries also.
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12:06 - 12:10We saw the hurricane.
We saw the flood around all the places. -
12:10 - 12:13We saw the fire, even here in California.
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12:13 - 12:16So we need all this knowledge
to come together. -
12:16 - 12:18We need the people in the center.
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12:18 - 12:21And we need the decision makers to change,
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12:21 - 12:22scientists tell them,
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12:23 - 12:25and we tell them,
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12:25 - 12:28and we do have this knowledge.
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12:28 - 12:31We have 10 years to change it.
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12:32 - 12:34Ten years is nothing,
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12:34 - 12:36so we need to act all together
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12:36 - 12:39and we need to act right now.
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12:39 - 12:40Thank you.
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12:40 - 12:44(Applause)
- Title:
- Indigenous knowledge meets science to take on climate change
- Speaker:
- Hindou Oumarou Ibrahim
- Description:
-
To tackle a problem as large as climate change, we need both science and Indigenous wisdom, says environmental activist Hindou Oumarou Ibrahim. In this engaging talk, she shares how her nomadic community in Chad is working closely with scientists to restore endangered ecosystems -- and offers lessons on how to create more resilient communities.
- Video Language:
- English
- Team:
- closed TED
- Project:
- TEDTalks
- Duration:
- 13:00
Brian Greene edited English subtitles for Indigenous knowledge meets science to take on climate change | ||
Erin Gregory edited English subtitles for Indigenous knowledge meets science to take on climate change | ||
Erin Gregory edited English subtitles for Indigenous knowledge meets science to take on climate change | ||
Erin Gregory edited English subtitles for Indigenous knowledge meets science to take on climate change | ||
Erin Gregory edited English subtitles for Indigenous knowledge meets science to take on climate change | ||
Erin Gregory approved English subtitles for Indigenous knowledge meets science to take on climate change | ||
Erin Gregory edited English subtitles for Indigenous knowledge meets science to take on climate change | ||
Erin Gregory edited English subtitles for Indigenous knowledge meets science to take on climate change |