The Maya myth of the morning star
-
0:08 - 0:12Chak Ek’ rose from the underworld
to the surface of the eastern sea -
0:12 - 0:14and on into the heavens.
-
0:14 - 0:18His brother K’in Ahaw followed.
-
0:18 - 0:23Though Chak Ek’ had risen first,
K’in Ahaw outshone him, -
0:23 - 0:26and the resentful Chak Ek’ descended back
to the underworld -
0:26 - 0:29to plot against his brother.
-
0:29 - 0:36In Mayan mythology, Chak Ek’ represents
Venus and K’in Ahaw represents the sun. -
0:36 - 0:39Known as both the morning and the
evening star, -
0:39 - 0:43Venus moves through the sky,
sometimes visible before sunrise, -
0:43 - 0:47sometimes after sunset,
and occasionally not at all. -
0:47 - 0:52The ancient Maya identified this roughly
584 day cycle -
0:52 - 0:54more than a thousand years ago
-
0:54 - 0:59and it still accurately predicts when and
where Venus will appear in the sky -
0:59 - 1:01around the world.
-
1:01 - 1:04Five of these cycles make up almost
exactly eight years, -
1:04 - 1:07and the Maya also recognized
this larger cycle. -
1:07 - 1:10They assigned Chak Ek’ five
different forms, -
1:10 - 1:16one for each cycle of Venus,
that were repeated every eight years. -
1:16 - 1:23Within the 584 day cycle, Venus is visible
in the evening sky for 250 days, -
1:23 - 1:27then disappears for 8 days before
reappearing as the Morning Star. -
1:27 - 1:32The ancient Maya ascribed particular
significance to this point in this cycle: -
1:32 - 1:38the first time Venus appears before
sunrise after being invisible. -
1:38 - 1:41On this day, Chak Ek’ rose again from the
underworld, -
1:41 - 1:45wielding a spearthrower and darts.
-
1:45 - 1:47To bring discord to the world,
-
1:47 - 1:51he decided to attack his brother
and his brother’s allies. -
1:51 - 1:56His first target was K’awiil, god of
sustenance and lightning. -
1:56 - 2:02Rising in the late rainy season, Chak Ek’
aimed his spear and struck K’awiil, -
2:02 - 2:07causing damage to the food and a
period of chaos in the social order -
2:07 - 2:10until K’awiil was reborn.
-
2:10 - 2:13584 days after attacking K’awiil,
-
2:13 - 2:18Chak Ek’ turned his attention back to his
brother, the Sun. -
2:18 - 2:21Each night, the Sun took the form of
jaguar -
2:21 - 2:23and journeyed through the underworld.
-
2:23 - 2:29Chak Ek’ speared the jaguar sun as it rose
at dawn towards the end of the dry season. -
2:29 - 2:36The Sun was wounded, plunging the
world into a period of chaos and warfare. -
2:36 - 2:39Chak Ek’s third victim
was the god of maize, -
2:39 - 2:42who provided sustenance for all humankind.
-
2:42 - 2:46Chak Ek’ speared him at the
time of the harvest. -
2:46 - 2:50He was buried in the underworld,
and maize—the staple of life— -
2:50 - 2:53was no longer available
to Earth’s inhabitants. -
2:53 - 2:58But the maize god emerged after three
months in the place of new beginnings– -
2:58 - 3:04the eastern cave known as Seven Water
Place– bringing food once again to earth. -
3:04 - 3:09When the turtle Ak Na'ak rose in the sky
to mark the summer solstice, -
3:09 - 3:11Chak Ek’ claimed his fourth victim.
-
3:11 - 3:16With the death of this good omen,
the Sun, the food supply, and the people -
3:16 - 3:20were buried within the earth, and the
forces of chaos reigned. -
3:20 - 3:25But out of the chaos rose a new order
established by Hun Ajaw, -
3:25 - 3:28one of the hero twins known to all
-
3:28 - 3:31for having vanquished
the lords of the underworld. -
3:31 - 3:35A new race of humans was created,
made from maize. -
3:35 - 3:38This state of balance was not to last,
however. -
3:38 - 3:43Chak Ek’s fifth and final victim was a
mysterious stranger from the west, -
3:43 - 3:46and his death
in the heart of the dry season -
3:46 - 3:49shook the order established by Hun Ajaw.
-
3:49 - 3:54The gods, the lords, and the maize were
buried in the underworld. -
3:54 - 3:58But this victory for Chak Ek’ would also
prove temporary. -
3:58 - 4:03The two brothers, Venus and the Sun,
were caught in an endless cycle -
4:03 - 4:08as they battled for supremacy, re-enacting
the same five struggles, -
4:08 - 4:12while the world alternated between order
and chaos -
4:12 - 4:14with the rising of the Morning Star.
- Title:
- The Maya myth of the morning star
- Speaker:
- Gabrielle Vail
- Description:
-
View full lesson: https://ed.ted.com/lessons/the-mayan-myth-of-the-morning-star
Chak Ek', the morning star, rose from the underworld to the surface of the eastern sea and on into the heavens. His brother K'in Ahaw, the sun, followed. Though Chak Ek' had risen first, K'in Ahaw outshone him, and the resentful Chak Ek' descended back to the underworld to plot against his brother and his allies. Gabrielle Vail details the Maya myth of the morning star.
Lesson by Gabrielle Vail, directed by Basa.
- Video Language:
- English
- Team:
- closed TED
- Project:
- TED-Ed
- Duration:
- 04:16
lauren mcalpine edited English subtitles for The Maya myth of the morning star | ||
lauren mcalpine approved English subtitles for The Maya myth of the morning star | ||
lauren mcalpine accepted English subtitles for The Maya myth of the morning star | ||
lauren mcalpine edited English subtitles for The Maya myth of the morning star | ||
Tara Ahmadinejad edited English subtitles for The Maya myth of the morning star | ||
Tara Ahmadinejad edited English subtitles for The Maya myth of the morning star |