The future of innovation at 10^(-6) | Josh Baptist | TEDxYouth@MileHigh
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0:20 - 0:25Electronics, cell phones,
computers, satellites, TVs, -
0:25 - 0:30nearly everything that we use today
that incorporates electronics -
0:30 - 0:34use what we call microelectronics,
or integrated circuits, -
0:34 - 0:40or very tiny structures that use electrons
or waves to communicate within systems. -
0:41 - 0:44What we go to work to,
what we go to school to, -
0:44 - 0:47and what we come home to,
to entertain ourselves -
0:47 - 0:48uses these things.
-
0:48 - 0:51And look at what these things
have done for the world -
0:51 - 0:54just through applied microelectronics.
-
0:55 - 1:00I myself have had the pleasure
to experience many fields of science -
1:01 - 1:06ranging from various fields in physics,
engineering, and electronics. -
1:06 - 1:11And particularly, I've had the passion
to explore nanotechnology, -
1:11 - 1:14or nanomaterials,
as you can see on the screen, -
1:14 - 1:18and plasmonic biosensing
devices, we call them, -
1:18 - 1:21which allow for new types
of detection methods -
1:21 - 1:23in biological systems.
-
1:25 - 1:30Nearly 55 years ago,
an individual named Richard Feynman -
1:30 - 1:35gave a very famous talk titled,
"There's plenty of room at the bottom." -
1:35 - 1:40And in this talk he outlined the idea
of using very small things, -
1:40 - 1:44nanoscopic things,
to better improve the technologies -
1:44 - 1:46that we have in this world.
-
1:46 - 1:52And he inspired many great physicists,
and chemists, and engineers -
1:52 - 1:55to look into this field
and look into how we can use -
1:55 - 1:59these very tiny things
to better the future. -
1:59 - 2:01Here we are, 55 years later,
-
2:01 - 2:06with not much being applied
with nanotechnology. -
2:06 - 2:10Unfortunately, as far
as nanotechnology goes, -
2:10 - 2:16we only find these things
in paints to bring out hues, -
2:16 - 2:22or in chocolate shakes
to give a better taste -
2:22 - 2:27because of a high surface area,
and that's what it comes down to. -
2:27 - 2:33One kilogram of one millimeter particles
has the same surface area -
2:33 - 2:37as one milligram
of one nanometer particles. -
2:37 - 2:39Just imagine that.
-
2:39 - 2:46Moving on, I think that there are kind of
four main concepts that built technology, -
2:46 - 2:50or allow for science
to be applied in the real world. -
2:51 - 2:54The first of which I think is electronics.
-
2:54 - 2:56We kind of already discussed that.
-
2:56 - 2:59So, as you can see on the screen,
-
2:59 - 3:03there are some applications
of microelectronics here. -
3:03 - 3:08If we look at the nanoscopic world,
or things at 10^(-9), -
3:08 - 3:10microscopic being at 10^(-6) meters,
-
3:11 - 3:14at 10^(-9) we can use things
such as grafting, -
3:14 - 3:18or a single layer of carbon atoms
-
3:18 - 3:22that allow electrons to travel
in very different ways -
3:22 - 3:25in electrical circuits
for more efficient computation. -
3:27 - 3:30The second of these concepts is fluidics.
-
3:31 - 3:35And fluidics is what allows man
-
3:36 - 3:40to control the way fluids behave.
-
3:41 - 3:46And what you see on the screen
is what's called a microfluidic device. -
3:46 - 3:51And these devices use
very small volumes of liquids, -
3:52 - 3:53which allow for,
-
3:55 - 3:57in essence,
-
3:57 - 3:59large volumes to not be needed.
-
3:59 - 4:04Say, imagine having laboratories
on a single chip, -
4:04 - 4:10whole hospital laboratories
on a device the size of a cell phone, -
4:11 - 4:14where we can take these devices
to third world countries, -
4:14 - 4:21or in-field applications
to do full blood analysis of patients. -
4:21 - 4:26Imagine these devices
being used in the everyday triage. -
4:26 - 4:29Instead of having to do
full blood runs on people -
4:29 - 4:33with milliliters
or vials after vials of blood, -
4:33 - 4:37we can take one single drop of blood
-
4:37 - 4:42and be able to do what would normally
take weeks to do in a matter of minutes. -
4:44 - 4:49The next concept is mechanics,
or things that are dynamic, -
4:49 - 4:54things that move: gears,
wheels, things like that. -
4:55 - 4:56What you see on the screen
-
4:56 - 4:59are what we call
Microelectronic Mechanical Systems, -
4:59 - 5:01or MEMS devices.
-
5:01 - 5:06These devices are mechanical structures
on the microscopic level, -
5:06 - 5:09which we can use, in, say, microrobots,
-
5:09 - 5:11which is one field
that I'm working in now, -
5:11 - 5:16which is going to be very interesting
in the future for applying such robotics -
5:16 - 5:19in, say, the medical field
-
5:19 - 5:23for in vivo surgery,
or surgery within the body, -
5:23 - 5:26that would allow us
to not have to open up the body -
5:26 - 5:29to do complex surgical procedures.
-
5:31 - 5:35The last is statics, I like to call it,
-
5:35 - 5:39or materials, things that are non-dynamic,
-
5:39 - 5:42things that are kind of static,
-
5:43 - 5:45things that we can build things out of.
-
5:45 - 5:49What you see on the screen
are vanadium microstars, -
5:49 - 5:52and then some atoms
being aligned in a circle. -
5:52 - 5:58But nevertheless, it's again, kind of
the idea that these things all together, -
5:58 - 6:01the electronics, the mechanics,
the fluidics, and the statics -
6:01 - 6:05kind of all build everything
that we have in one way or another. -
6:10 - 6:16If we look at how micro and nanotechnology
can be applied in the world, -
6:16 - 6:21it's really what leads
to the next industrial revolution. -
6:22 - 6:24By having these four main concepts
-
6:24 - 6:28that are already applied
in current technology -
6:29 - 6:31to be applied in micro
and nanotechnology -
6:31 - 6:35is what is going to expand
all current fields. -
6:40 - 6:46An industrial revolution is kind of
what collectively advances all fields, -
6:46 - 6:50so if you see some of these things
here on the screen, -
6:50 - 6:54these are some fields
that you might go into yourself, -
6:54 - 6:59that may change through the application
of micro and nanotechnology. -
7:00 - 7:05MRI machines, or magnetic
resonance imaging systems, -
7:05 - 7:08are a very interesting device.
-
7:08 - 7:12Not many people fully understand
how they work, -
7:12 - 7:18but in essence they work
off of detecting proton spins. -
7:18 - 7:23But, nevertheless, they utilize
magnetic and electric fields. -
7:24 - 7:30With this, we can use nanorobots
in these systems -
7:30 - 7:33to be able to control their position
-
7:33 - 7:37and a specific release
of drugs in the body. -
7:38 - 7:40I think when people hear "nano,"
-
7:40 - 7:47the first thing that they think of
is nanorobots, -
7:48 - 7:51but in that case,
-
7:51 - 7:56nanorobots are a thing
of the distant future. -
7:56 - 7:57And what's even more interesting
-
7:57 - 8:02is that we don't need nanorobots
-
8:02 - 8:04or nanomechanical systems
-
8:04 - 8:10to be able to have
nanomaterials act as robots. -
8:11 - 8:17Because things operate
in different ways at different levels, -
8:18 - 8:24we can use nanomaterials
to behave in very particular ways -
8:24 - 8:30with adding molecules
to the surface of a sphere. -
8:30 - 8:35So for instance, we have two spheres
on the macroscopic level -
8:35 - 8:38or where our scale resides,
-
8:38 - 8:42and those two spheres
do not interact with each other. -
8:43 - 8:44You take those two spheres
-
8:44 - 8:47and you take them down
to the microscopic level, -
8:47 - 8:51and we have something called
van der Waals forces come about, -
8:51 - 8:56where these forces actually work
-
8:56 - 8:59to polarize these particles
and attract them. -
8:59 - 9:04And at the nanoscopic level, something
called plasmon resonance comes about -
9:04 - 9:09where local electric fields,
or the electron clouds, -
9:09 - 9:13oscillate because
of an incident incoming wave, -
9:13 - 9:17where we can use these plasmonic particles
-
9:17 - 9:20to direct photons through a system
-
9:22 - 9:26to do speed of light calculation
in systems -
9:26 - 9:30for more advanced
and efficient electronics. -
9:32 - 9:35So, coming back to the MRI,
-
9:36 - 9:40if we were to take magnetic nanoparticles,
-
9:40 - 9:46and we were to attach, say,
particular drugs, whatever it may be, -
9:46 - 9:48to the surface of that,
-
9:48 - 9:53we can guide these magnetic particles
in the MRI with magnetic fields -
9:53 - 9:56to a particular location within the body,
-
9:56 - 10:00to, say, a zone within the lungs
that's cancerous, -
10:01 - 10:04once they're there
and we can see them in the MRI, -
10:05 - 10:09we can trigger these particles
to release their drugs -
10:09 - 10:14with an electromagnetic wave pulse,
or a radio frequency pulse, -
10:15 - 10:22and seeing these things, especially
in the medical field, is very interesting, -
10:22 - 10:26because this is going to allow
for very new means of surgery -
10:26 - 10:28or procedures in general.
-
10:31 - 10:36I think speaking to a lot of students,
one thing that is very critical -
10:36 - 10:41in how you proceed in life
and with your work -
10:41 - 10:47is to not only understand the fundamentals
of work and knowledge -
10:48 - 10:49but to apply that.
-
10:50 - 10:52That is the key.
-
10:53 - 10:56I see myself hoping to bring
-
10:57 - 11:00micro and nanotechnology
to the consumer, -
11:00 - 11:03to the various fields
that you saw previously, -
11:04 - 11:08and better advance technology as a whole.
-
11:08 - 11:12And I think to do this,
we must look to the finer things. -
11:12 - 11:13Thank you.
-
11:13 - 11:15(Cheers)
-
11:15 - 11:17(Applause)
- Title:
- The future of innovation at 10^(-6) | Josh Baptist | TEDxYouth@MileHigh
- Description:
-
It's a beautiful, strange world at 10^(-6). As nanotechnology development continues to speed up, we see ever-expanding ways in which to use the technology in everyday life. In this heady talk, Joshua Baptist implores us to think about how the the "small things" are necessary to make the "big things" better.
This talk was given at a TEDx event using the TED conference format but independently organized by a local community. Learn more at http://ted.com/tedx
- Video Language:
- English
- Team:
- closed TED
- Project:
- TEDxTalks
- Duration:
- 11:33
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Rhonda Jacobs edited English subtitles for The future of innovation at 10^(-6) | Josh Baptist | TEDxYouth@MileHigh | ||
Rhonda Jacobs edited English subtitles for The future of innovation at 10^(-6) | Josh Baptist | TEDxYouth@MileHigh | ||
Rhonda Jacobs edited English subtitles for The future of innovation at 10^(-6) | Josh Baptist | TEDxYouth@MileHigh |