Vikki Law: Resisting Gender Violence Without Cops or Prisons
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0:00 - 0:02As far back as, you know, 17th century England,
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0:02 - 0:04there was a law that said that
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0:04 - 0:06a man could beat his wife with a stick
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0:06 - 0:09so long as it wasn't thicker than his thumb (i.e. "rule of thumb")
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0:09 - 0:11you know, and we still have that idea today.
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0:11 - 0:13So when we talk about things like Cell 16 [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_16]
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0:13 - 0:15Brooklyn Women's Martial Arts,
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0:15 - 0:17and other forms of feminist self defense,
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0:17 - 0:20we shouldn't look at it as just a physical self defense,
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0:20 - 0:22but also this growing recognition that
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0:22 - 0:25that there are all sorts of ways that violence impacts women's lives.
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0:27 - 0:29We need to make sure that people who might be abusive and violent
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0:29 - 0:32know that every eye in the community is on them.
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0:33 - 0:36Prisons and policing often protect those in power
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0:36 - 0:41and do very little to nothing to those who, for those who don't have any power.
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0:41 - 0:45So, they might decide that they don't necessarily need to act or intervene in some cases.
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0:46 - 0:49Andrea Smith, one of the co-founders of Incite,
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0:49 - 0:52actually talked about one very public incident in which
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0:52 - 0:56a woman who was in a housing project in a city
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0:56 - 0:59called the police because of a domestic violence incident with her partner.
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0:59 - 1:02And when the police arrived, they decided, they looked around the projects
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1:02 - 1:04and decided that,
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1:04 - 1:07no, this woman actually didn't qualify for their protection,
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1:07 - 1:09they didn't want to enter the public housing area
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1:09 - 1:11to try to ascertain what was going on
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1:11 - 1:14and possibly arrest the person who had abused her.
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1:14 - 1:18And she got incensed, and asked for their badge number,
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1:18 - 1:21and they decided that they were going to further brutalize her
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1:21 - 1:23by beating her and arresting her and taking her in
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1:23 - 1:25on some bogus charge
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1:25 - 1:27because she had demanded that they offer her
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1:27 - 1:29the same protection that they would
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1:29 - 1:31a white middle class woman living in an affluent suburban neighbourhood.
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1:33 - 1:38We've also seen that, um, especially in communities where the police
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1:38 - 1:40are not seen as protectors,
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1:40 - 1:42like low income communities of colour,
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1:42 - 1:44or poor neighbourhoods,
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1:44 - 1:46that for a woman to call the police
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1:46 - 1:47and invite them into the neighbourhood
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1:47 - 1:50often ostracizes her from the rest of the community.
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1:50 - 1:51So the community will see her as
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1:51 - 1:55calling the police in to further terrorize the community.
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1:55 - 1:59And so whatever support she might have gotten from her friends and her neighbours
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1:59 - 2:02and her co-workers and everybody else in the neighbourhood disappears
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2:02 - 2:03when she calls the police in.
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2:03 - 2:05So all these factors put women more at risk
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2:05 - 2:08when they call in the police.
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2:08 - 2:11And, again, it doesn't necessarily mean that the abuse is going to stop,
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2:11 - 2:15because either the police showing up and arresting the person
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2:15 - 2:16right then and there,
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2:16 - 2:19and taking him out of commission for 24 hours,
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2:19 - 2:25or, the police arresting the person and then pressuring the woman to file charges
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2:25 - 2:29and often holding threats of perhaps removing her children,
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2:29 - 2:31or doing something else over her head,
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2:31 - 2:33communities haven't been able to develop,
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2:33 - 2:35or haven't developed other means to solve,
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2:35 - 2:38you know, interpersonal violence or abuse,
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2:38 - 2:43so therefore, if the only solution seems to be to call in this, to call in the police,
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2:43 - 2:46and the police can use this then as a way to say well
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2:46 - 2:51we have to be in these "higher crime, higher violence communities" to prevent violence,
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2:51 - 2:55without actually addressing all the other ways that violence can take place,
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2:55 - 2:59without it necessarily being like one person physically hurting another person.
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3:02 - 3:03I don't want to pinpoint one as THE root cause,
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3:03 - 3:05but some of the root causes are
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3:05 - 3:07this idea that women are the property of men,
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3:07 - 3:11So as far back as 17th century England, there was a law that said
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3:11 - 3:13that a man could beat his wife with a stick,
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3:13 - 3:16so long as it wasn't thicker that his thumb (i.e. "rule of thumb")
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3:16 - 3:18You know, and we still have that idea today,
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3:18 - 3:23that women are somehow the property of the men that they are in relationships with,
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3:23 - 3:27whether it be their fathers, or their husbands, or their boyfriends, or sons.
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3:27 - 3:31There's this idea that it is OK to
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3:31 - 3:34to exert power by any means necesary,
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3:34 - 3:38whether it be like physical abuse, or emotional abuse, or mental abuse,
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3:38 - 3:39or controlling someone economically.
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3:43 - 3:44In East Harlem, In New York,
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3:44 - 3:47which is a primarily black and brown, poor community,
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3:47 - 3:48in New York City,
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3:48 - 3:51um, residents formed what they called, um,
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3:51 - 3:52what do they call them...
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3:52 - 3:53Neighbourhood Watches,
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3:53 - 3:55where they would actually go to the apartment
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3:55 - 3:59of somebody who was involved in a domestically violent situation,
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3:59 - 4:01either because the woman asked them to,
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4:01 - 4:03or because a neighbour called in a complaint,
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4:03 - 4:06and they actually went to the apartment,
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4:06 - 4:10and they physically moved themselves in to the apartment for a while.
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4:10 - 4:12And obviously they couldn't live in this apartment forever,
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4:12 - 4:14but they would be there for a few days,
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4:14 - 4:16and the abusive partner would know
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4:16 - 4:20that he couldn't do anything while they were there,
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4:20 - 4:21and even after they moved out,
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4:21 - 4:23he knew that they could come back
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4:23 - 4:27and that basically the community had taken it upon itself
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4:27 - 4:29to say that we won't stand for this kind of violence,
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4:29 - 4:31and this kind of abuse any more.
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4:32 - 4:35In the mid- 1990's there was a group called
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4:35 - 4:36Sista to Sista,
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4:36 - 4:39s-i-s-t-a, not s-i-s-t-e-r
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4:39 - 4:43which is a group of predominantly black and brown women,
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4:43 - 4:44in the Bushwick area (north Brooklyn),
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4:44 - 4:47and they recognized that they had to address
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4:47 - 4:50interpersonal violence and state violence,
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4:50 - 4:51so one of the things that they did was
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4:51 - 4:54they started the sister circles,
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4:54 - 4:57understanding that they couldn't necessarily rely on
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4:57 - 4:59the police to help them,
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4:59 - 5:02especially when police were coming into this community, their communities,
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5:02 - 5:04and murdering people.
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5:04 - 5:05So, two young women of colour
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5:05 - 5:08were murdered around 2000 by the police,
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5:08 - 5:14and there was like no, you know, like huge state outcry, there was no big shake-up
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5:14 - 5:16about the fact that the police had murdered two young women.
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5:16 - 5:20But they also recognized that there was a lot of interpersonal violence that was going on
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5:20 - 5:22that needed to be addressed as well.
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5:22 - 5:25So they started forming what they called the sister circles,
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5:25 - 5:26in which they actually talked to each other,
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5:26 - 5:29and they devised ways in which they could address abuse
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5:29 - 5:32without relying on policing and prisons.
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5:32 - 5:33And one example that was given was
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5:33 - 5:35one of the women came to the sister circles and said
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5:35 - 5:39my ex boyfriend has been stalking me, you know,
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5:39 - 5:41he's been psychologically intimidating me,
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5:41 - 5:46and I'm getting worried that this is going to keep escalating until he becomes
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5:46 - 5:48physically violent with me.
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5:48 - 5:51And they talked with her, and they devised a plan,
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5:51 - 5:55and, I'm going to like shorten the version, because I'm sure a lot of planning went on,
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5:55 - 5:58it wasn't like they just like automatically had this instinct.
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5:58 - 6:00And what they did was,
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6:00 - 6:03they went and confronted him at the barber shop where he worked,
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6:03 - 6:05in front of all his co-workers,
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6:05 - 6:07and said look, this is what you're doing to this woman,
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6:07 - 6:08you need to stop.
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6:08 - 6:09And what happened was,
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6:09 - 6:12that the men in the barber shop that worked with him said
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6:12 - 6:15hey, that's really messed up, you need to stop,
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6:15 - 6:17and his boss even said if I hear about this again,
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6:17 - 6:19you're fired.
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6:19 - 6:21You know, like you are not going to be harassing this woman any more.
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6:21 - 6:25And this is the kind of thing that they were doing,
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6:25 - 6:26because they couldn't rely on the police
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6:26 - 6:27to keep them safe.
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6:29 - 6:31Cell 16 was a women's liberation group,
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6:31 - 6:33it actually, it was formed in the late 1960's,
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6:33 - 6:36and I think maybe by the early 1970's had disbanded.
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6:36 - 6:41But during their time they were based in the Boston area of Massachusetts.
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6:41 - 6:42They did several things.
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6:42 - 6:46They did patrols of areas in which working class women were
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6:46 - 6:49getting out of factory shifts late at night.
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6:49 - 6:53So they understood that women who didn't have resources to say, like,
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6:53 - 6:56have someone come pick them up, or didn't have their own cars,
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6:56 - 7:00were vulnerable to violence when they were getting off their factory shifts late at night,
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7:00 - 7:02and walking to the public transportation.
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7:02 - 7:04So what they would do, is they would patrol
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7:04 - 7:07in pairs, or you know, in groups,
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7:07 - 7:10and they would offer to walk women to where they were going.
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7:10 - 7:12So whether it be walking them to the train station
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7:12 - 7:14and making sure they safely got into the train station,
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7:14 - 7:16or walking them to their houses,
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7:16 - 7:19to make sure, again, like the sisterhood societies, that they were safe
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7:19 - 7:22from external threats, relying on this idea that there's safety in numbers.
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7:22 - 7:26And they would watch out for suspicious behaviour,
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7:26 - 7:27you know,
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7:27 - 7:28and it's not the same "suspicious behaviour"
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7:28 - 7:31that the government tells you to, like, look for today.
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7:31 - 7:34But you know, like, hey, there's this man that seems to be standing there,
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7:34 - 7:37you know, for absolutely no, you know, no purpose, like,
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7:37 - 7:39what are his intentions?
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7:39 - 7:40Is he going to assault somebody?
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7:40 - 7:43Or is he waiting for his girlfriend or his wife to get off of work?
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7:43 - 7:46You know, but actually putting
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7:46 - 7:48potential assailants on notice too,
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7:48 - 7:53that there were people involved in, you know, like watching out for everyone's safety.
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7:53 - 8:00They also were one of the first women's groups to offer self defense classes for women
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8:00 - 8:01with a feminist slant.
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8:01 - 8:02Sot they actually said, you know,
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8:02 - 8:05women have the right to be safe and secure in their own bodies,
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8:05 - 8:07and they need to have the skill set and the tools
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8:07 - 8:10to be able to defend themselves physically,
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8:10 - 8:12if they are attacked,
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8:12 - 8:15and so they offered free Taekwondo classes to women
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8:15 - 8:17so that women could learn to defend themselves,
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8:17 - 8:19and they weren't always needing to rely on somebody else to do so.
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8:22 - 8:26In 1974, 1975, going on this same premise that women have the right to be safe
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8:26 - 8:28and secure in their own bodies,
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8:28 - 8:32two feminist martial arts activists
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8:32 - 8:36Nadia Telsey and Annie Ellman started Battered Women's, oh, sorry,
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8:36 - 8:40Brooklyn Women's Martial Arts, um, in Brooklyn New York,
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8:40 - 8:44and they basically started the first dojo specifically for women,
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8:44 - 8:48in which they wanted women to be able to train and learn how to defend themselves.
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8:48 - 8:55They made it sliding-scale, so that if a woman couldn't afford to pay for classes,
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8:55 - 8:58she didn't have to, or if she could only afford to pay a little bit she could,
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8:58 - 9:00and women who could afford to pay more, did.
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9:00 - 9:04And they also offered childcare at all of their classes,
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9:04 - 9:07understanding that they didn't want women with children to say
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9:07 - 9:11well, I can't take these classes because I don't have a safe place to put my child
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9:11 - 9:13or my children,
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9:13 - 9:16you know, and also understanding that when women become mothers,
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9:16 - 9:19they're just as vulnerable, if not more vulnerable to violence,
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9:19 - 9:21because you know they don't necessarily have all the
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9:21 - 9:25access and resources and mobility that, you know, single women might.
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9:25 - 9:28So, and, this is, their dojos continued on to this day,
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9:28 - 9:33in the 1980's they re-named themselves The Center for Anti-Violence Education,
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9:33 - 9:36recognizing that it's not just women who face violence.
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9:36 - 9:41Um, so they actually started doing trainings for, um, transgender people,
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9:41 - 9:45they started doing trainings for, after 9/11, they started doing trainings for
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9:45 - 9:48groups that were specifically working with South Asian populations
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9:48 - 9:52that were more vulnerable to the racist backlash post 9/11,
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9:52 - 9:54and like, how to like, deal with safety and security
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9:54 - 9:56not just from the physical aspect,
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9:56 - 10:00but also tactics like de-escalation, knowing what to look for, like
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10:00 - 10:04trying to get a situation away from a dangerous place,
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10:04 - 10:07without actually having to use your fists.
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10:07 - 10:09They also recognized that
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10:09 - 10:13violence is one of the things that held all these different types of oppression together,
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10:13 - 10:17so they weren't just focussing on violence against women,
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10:17 - 10:18and white-washing this idea of women,
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10:18 - 10:21but they were understanding that
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10:21 - 10:24women with the least amount of resources were the most vulnerable to violence.
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10:24 - 10:27So, like, women of colour would be vulnerable
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10:27 - 10:28not only to interpersonal violence,
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10:28 - 10:31but were more vulnerable to state violence as well.
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10:31 - 10:32You know, and violence from the police;
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10:32 - 10:36and weren't necessarily in a position to be able to call the police.
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10:36 - 10:39Poor women were less likely to be able to get away
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10:39 - 10:43because they were poor and they didn't have the resources and opportunities to do so.
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10:43 - 10:48And so they did a lot of work around also educating people around the fact that
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10:48 - 10:50there are all these different oppressions that intersect,
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10:50 - 10:54and you can see violence as one of the glues that holds together all these oppressions.
- Title:
- Vikki Law: Resisting Gender Violence Without Cops or Prisons
- Description:
-
Resisting Gender Violence Without Cops or Prisons
--An interview with author Victoria Law
By Angola 3 NewsActivist and journalist Victoria Law is the author of "Resistance Behind Bars: The Struggles of Incarcerated Women" (PM Press, 2009). Law has previously been interviewed by Angola 3 News on two separate occasions. Our first interview focused on the torture of women prisoners in the US. The second interview looked at how the women's liberation movements of the 1970s advocated for the decriminalization of women's self defense. Taking this critique of the US criminal "justice" system one step further, Law presented a prison abolitionist critique of the how the mainstream women's movement, then and now, has embraced the same "justice" system as a vehicle for combating violence against women.
While citing the important work of INCITE: Women of Color Against Violence, Law argues that "today, abuse is treated as an individual pathology rather than a broader social issue rooted in centuries of patriarchy and misogyny. Viewing abuse as an individual problem has meant that the solution becomes intervening in and punishing individual abusers without looking at the overall conditions that allow abuse to go unchallenged and also allows the state to begin to co-opt concerns about gendered violence."
Furthermore, "the threat of imprisonment does not deter abuse; it simply drives it further underground. Remember that there are many forms of abuse and violence, and not all are illegal. It also sets up a false dichotomy in which the survivor has to choose between personal safety and criminalizing and/or imprisoning a loved one. Arrest and imprisonment does not reduce, let alone prevent, violence. Building structures and networks to address the lack of options and resources available to women is more effective. Challenging patriarchy and male supremacy is a much more effective solution, although it is not one that funders and the state want to see," says Law.
In our new video interview, Law builds upon her earlier prison abolitionist critique by discussing practical alternatives for effectively confronting gender violence without using the prison system. She cites many success stories where women, not wanting to work with the police, instead collectively organized in an autonomous fashion. Law stresses that at the foundation of these anti-violence projects is the idea that gender violence needs to be a seen as a community issue, as opposed to simply being a problem for the individual to deal with.
One group spotlighted, Sistah II Sistah/Hermana a Hermana, in New York City, was formed to confront both interpersonal violence and state violence. They formed discussion groups where experiences are shared and the women collectively decide what tactics and strategies to employ. In one instance, they confronted an ex-boyfriend, who was stalking a member of the group, by going to his workplace, where they demanded he stop and successfully enlisted the support of his employer and co-workers.
Self-defense advocacy and training is another tactic employed by many of the groups cited by Law. For example, in the 1970s, two feminist martial artists founded Brooklyn Women's Martial Arts (BWMA), later renamed the Center for Anti-Violence Education in the 1980s. Along with teaching practical self defense techniques at sliding-scale classes, Law emphasizes that the Center also focused on the larger picture of how violence "holds different types of oppressions together," resulting in a complex situation for poor women of color.
Our interview is being released in conjunction with the Unite to End Violence Against Women campaign first initiated in 1991 by the United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women. This campaign began 16 days of action on November 25, the International Day Against Violence Against Women, and will conclude on December 10, International Human Rights Day. We will be releasing two more segments of our video interview with Law during the 16 days of action. So, stay tuned to learn more about how Chinese sisterhood societies dealt with gender violence, as well as an update on new stories of women prisoners' resistance that have happened since the first edition of "Resistance Behind Bars" was released in 2009 (a second edition is scheduled to be released next year).
- Video Language:
- English
- Duration:
- 10:59