Australian aborigines may be first to populate world outside Africa
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0:07 - 0:12Research headed by professor Eske Willerslev from the Center for BioGenetics
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0:12 - 0:18at the University of Copenhagen, shows that modern humans colonized the world twice.
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0:19 - 0:23This is in contrast to previous scientific belief that humanity discovered
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0:23 - 0:28the world outside Africa in one wave of emigration.
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0:29 - 0:35And the reseach shows that the aboriginals, Australia's indigenous population,
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0:35 - 0:40are today's sole descendants of this first wave of emigration.
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0:40 - 0:45The four fathers of the aboriginals emigrated out aproximately
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0:45 - 0:5170,000 year ago, and reached Australia around 50,000 years ago.
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0:52 - 0:55It's actually quite amazing to imagine the journey that the
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0:55 - 0:59ancestors of the aboriginal australians took. I mean,
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0:59 - 1:04you have to remember at this time, 70,000 years ago,
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1:04 - 1:10all of Asia was completly unexplored land for anatomical modern humans.
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1:10 - 1:14So, while our ancestors, the asians and the europeans,
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1:14 - 1:18were sitting somewhere in Africa or potentially in the Middle East,
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1:18 - 1:21not daring, you can say, exploring the world,
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1:21 - 1:25these guys actually swept across this completely untouched land
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1:25 - 1:30reaching Australia at least 50,000 years ago and crossing the sea.
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1:30 - 1:35The study is derived from the DNA of a 100 year old lock of hair like this.
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1:38 - 1:41The lock of hair belongs to an aboriginal man
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1:41 - 1:46from the Goldfield region of south Western Australia.
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1:46 - 1:50The research team, from the University of Copenhagen,
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1:50 - 1:54has succeded in isolating and mapping the genome from the lock of hair.
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1:54 - 2:00This is possible because the DNA encapsulated in hair is quite well protected
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2:00 - 2:03from the ravages of time.
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2:03 - 2:07And the genome analysis has proved that modern humans,
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2:07 - 2:11homo sapiens, populated the world in two waves.
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2:11 - 2:18The first wave, from about 70,000 years ago, reaches all the way to Australia.
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2:18 - 2:23The second wave, mixes with relatives of the aboriginals in Asia,
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2:23 - 2:25but never reaches Australia.
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2:26 - 2:32This really changes the conception of how genetically similar people are outside Africa.
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2:32 - 2:35It now turns out that they are more diverse
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2:35 - 2:39than we thought and, you know, one or two years from now
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2:39 - 2:45it's very likely I think, that we will see other studies showing that
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2:45 - 2:49there might have even been additional migration waves
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2:49 - 2:53into Asia and Europe, that is not recognized today.
- Title:
- Australian aborigines may be first to populate world outside Africa
- Description:
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See http://www.science20.com/news_articles/were_australian_aborigines_first_explorers_leave_africa-82929 for genomics study claiming Australian aborigines descended from a different migration out of Africa than occurred later.
- Video Language:
- English
- Duration:
- 03:04