(h) TROM - 1.3 Environment
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0:12 - 0:19
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0:21 - 0:26Let's take a look at old Siggy; Sigmund Freud, okay, who has definitely had his run.
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0:26 - 0:30He says behavior is influenced by parents, dreams, jokes, and sex;
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0:30 - 0:35not necessarily in that order, but, what does that say?
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0:35 - 0:38This is the environment camp once again, right?
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0:38 - 0:43Many scientific researches have shown an obvious fact,
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0:43 - 0:46that the behavior of a human being is created by the environment.
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0:47 - 0:52If genes predispose a certain behavior but the environment doesn't support it,
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0:52 - 1:00then that behavior won't manifest, so in this case, genes aren't important.
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1:05 - 1:06We live in a remarkable time
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1:07 - 1:08the age of genomics.
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1:10 - 1:13Your genome is the entire sequence of your DNA.
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1:13 - 1:16Your sequence and mine are slightly different.
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1:17 - 1:19That's why we look different.
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1:19 - 1:20I've got brown eyes,
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1:20 - 1:22you might have blue, or gray;
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1:23 - 1:24but it's not just skin-deep.
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1:25 - 1:26The headlines tell us
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1:27 - 1:29that genes can give us scary diseases,
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1:30 - 1:33maybe even shape our personality,
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1:33 - 1:35or give us mental disorders.
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1:36 - 1:37Our genes seem to have
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1:38 - 1:41awesome power over our destinies.
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1:43 - 1:46And yet, I would like to think that
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1:47 - 1:49I am more than my genes.
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1:58 - 2:00Likewise, every connectome
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2:00 - 2:02changes over time.
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2:04 - 2:05What kind of changes happen?
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2:05 - 2:06Well, neurons, like trees,
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2:06 - 2:08can grow new branches,
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2:09 - 2:11and they can lose old ones.
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2:12 - 2:15Synapses can be created,
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2:15 - 2:18and they can be eliminated;
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2:18 - 2:20and synapses can grow larger,
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2:20 - 2:22and they can grow smaller.
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2:23 - 2:25Second question:
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2:25 - 2:26What causes these changes?
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2:28 - 2:29Well, it's true;
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2:30 - 2:33to some extent they are programmed by your genes.
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2:33 - 2:34But that's not the whole story,
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2:35 - 2:37because there are signals: electrical signals,
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2:38 - 2:39that travel along the branches of neurons,
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2:39 - 2:40and chemical signals,
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2:41 - 2:43that jump across from branch to branch.
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2:43 - 2:45These signals are called neural activity.
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2:46 - 2:47And there's a lot of evidence
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2:48 - 2:49that neural activity
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2:50 - 2:54is encoding our thoughts, feelings, and perceptions,
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2:54 - 2:55our mental experiences.
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2:56 - 2:58And there's a lot of evidence that neural activity
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2:59 - 3:01can cause your connections to change.
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3:02 - 3:04And if you put those two facts together,
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3:05 - 3:07it means that your experiences
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3:07 - 3:09can change your connectome.
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3:10 - 3:12And that's why every connectome is unique,
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3:12 - 3:15even those of genetically identical twins.
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3:16 - 3:19The connectome is where nature meets nurture.
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3:20 - 3:22And it might be true
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3:22 - 3:24that just the mere act of thinking
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3:24 - 3:26can change your connectome;
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3:26 - 3:29an idea that you may find empowering.
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3:30 - 3:32Did you all hear that question about,
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3:33 - 3:39the issue about gender being socially created, versus being biological and hormonal?
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3:40 - 3:42Of course, I come down a bit more on the biological side, obviously, but..
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3:43 - 3:50I now believe, having come full circle after studying biology for many years,
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3:50 - 3:57and really believing in the way, that the nature-nurture debate, in a lot of ways, I think...is dead,
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3:57 - 4:00at this point, for the following reason:
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4:00 - 4:02the brain is very, very malleable;
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4:02 - 4:07we're all born with male or female predispositions,
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4:07 - 4:10and then we'll have hormones that increase that circuitry
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4:10 - 4:13for behavior, which is what a hormone is supposed to do.
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4:13 - 4:18A hormone's job is to make us predisposed to certain behaviors.
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4:18 - 4:22However, the way we're raised, for example, little boys:
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4:23 - 4:27Studies have shown that little boys who were told they're not supposed to touch something,
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4:27 - 4:34they often will grab it and touch it, whereas a little girl can be given a verbal demand not to touch it.
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4:34 - 4:38Little boys world-wide are punished more frequently, for, transgressions.
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4:38 - 4:45Little boys are told not to cry...that they're supposed to man-up, right?
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4:45 - 4:51Even at a young age, dads sometimes are very very scared if their little boy is
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4:51 - 4:55making any version of effeminate behavior.
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4:55 - 4:58For example, I remember flying coast to coast with a guy who sat next to me.
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4:59 - 5:07He said his 18 month-old son, when he saw his sister open a present, earlier that week
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5:08 - 5:10-it was a purse, she'd gotten a purse,
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5:10 - 5:14she was four years old- and he said, "Oh, can I have a purse too?"
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5:14 - 5:19And he said he found himself like someone had kicked him in the stomach,
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5:19 - 5:25and he just yelled at his 18 month-old son, "No, boys don't have purses!"
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5:25 - 5:31And he was reporting to me this event, and he felt so ashamed and embarrassed afterwards;
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5:31 - 5:39because he realized his little boy wasn't expressing anything in terms of being effeminate or not.
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5:39 - 5:43So, these things: the way we raise little boys, and we raise little girls,
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5:43 - 5:49our brain circuits are so malleable. For example, we weren't born learning to play the piano, right?
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5:49 - 5:51You do practice, practice, practice.
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5:51 - 5:55You can retrain brain circuits, to do a variety of things.
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5:55 - 6:01And I think all of our life we can be gender-trained, to be more one way or the other.
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6:02 - 6:08Males' facial expressions for example, when they measure them and put electrodes on them,
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6:08 - 6:14and show them a grizzly photograph that is supposed to make you cringe and emotional,
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6:14 - 6:20their facial expressions, versus females', actually show more emotional response
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6:20 - 6:27in the time before it becomes conscious. And right after the one second level when it becomes conscious,
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6:27 - 6:33they start to freeze down, their facial muscles, for frowning or smiling.
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6:33 - 6:37In females, facial muscles actually amplify, and the males' go down.
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6:37 - 6:43Scientists believe, the hypothesis is, that males have been trained to suppress their emotional feelings.
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6:43 - 6:48So, thanks for the question; it's a moving target for a lot of our lives.
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6:48 - 6:53And the ways we're raised, and what we're allowed to do, what boys are and not allowed to do,
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6:53 - 6:57has a lot to do with how they grow up to be men.
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6:58 - 7:01Think about the way you act, your facial expression,
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7:02 - 7:06the values accepted by you, the way you talk, everything,
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7:06 - 7:09and remember that they are a result of your environment.
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7:09 - 7:14The human brain has no mechanism to recognize what is relevant or not.
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7:20 - 7:24
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8:53 - 9:00
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9:28 - 9:30
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9:31 - 9:34
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9:37 - 9:43
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10:58 - 11:00
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12:33 - 12:37
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14:33 - 14:38
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18:15 - 18:21
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18:22 - 18:27There is no such thing as bad, criminal, lazy,
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18:27 - 18:32brilliant people, thieves, or racists.
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18:33 - 18:36Only people predisposed to such behavior.
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18:36 - 18:39But if the environment doesn't trigger them,
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18:39 - 18:42the behavior never manifests.
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18:51 - 18:53Remember:
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18:53 - 18:58the human brain has no mechanism to recognize what is relevant or not.
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19:04 - 19:08
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19:58 - 20:01The most extreme case is represented by feral children.
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20:01 - 20:06A feral child is a human child who has lived isolated
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20:06 - 20:09from human contact from a very young age,
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20:09 - 20:13and has no -or little- experience of human care,
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20:13 - 20:18loving or social behavior, and, crucially, of human language.
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20:19 - 20:22Feral children lack the basic social skills
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20:22 - 20:25which are normally learned in the process of enculturation.
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20:25 - 20:30For example, they may be unable to learn to use a toilet,
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20:30 - 20:33have trouble learning to walk upright
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20:33 - 20:38and display a complete lack of interest in human activity around them.
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20:44 - 20:47Oxana Malaya began her life living with dogs,
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20:47 - 20:51rejected by her mother and father, she somehow survived for six years,
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20:51 - 20:54living wild, before being taken into care.
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20:54 - 20:58There are few cases of feral children who've been able to fully compensate
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20:58 - 20:59for the neglect they've suffered.
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20:59 - 21:01Oxana is now 22,
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21:01 - 21:03but her future still hangs in the balance.
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21:03 - 21:08Have scientists learned enough from previous cases to rehabilitate her?
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21:08 - 21:13For six years, Oxana Malaya spent her life living in a kennel, with dogs.
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21:14 - 21:17Totally abandoned by her mother and father,
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21:17 - 21:20she was discovered, behaving more like an animal,
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21:20 - 21:22than a human child.
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21:22 - 21:26For two centuries, wild children have been the object of fascinating study.
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21:27 - 21:29Raised without love, or social interaction,
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21:29 - 21:32wild -or feral- children pose the question:
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21:32 - 21:34What is it that makes us human?
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21:34 - 21:37Oxana was born in November, 1983.
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21:38 - 21:40
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21:40 - 21:45When the baby girl was born, she weighed 5 pounds, 11 ounces, and didn't have any abnormalities.
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22:02 - 22:06Genie had spent 13 years, isolated,
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22:06 - 22:10in a nearly empty room, devoid of any social contact.
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22:10 - 22:14Although not suffering from any mental illness,
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22:15 - 22:19because of that environment, she behaved like a mentally ill person.
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22:20 - 22:23She could not create social connections,
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22:23 - 22:28she could not speak; even her walking was strange.
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22:29 - 22:34After a while, due to the insistence of others to rehabilitate her,
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22:34 - 22:37Genie began to express herself through sign language
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22:37 - 22:39and socialize with people.
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22:42 - 22:45They also took responsibility for Genie's therapy,
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22:46 - 22:49attempts to help her grapple with the horror of her childhood.
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22:49 - 22:51Okay baby, open your mouth!
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22:52 - 22:54In this primitive role-playing exercise,
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22:54 - 22:57Marilyn pretends to be Genie's mother.
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22:57 - 23:01Hurry up! Hurry up, because there isn't any time.
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23:01 - 23:03Father's gonna be angry.
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23:04 - 23:08Marilyn tries to elicit memories of Genie's past.
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23:08 - 23:13I wonder what you're thinking.
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23:26 - 23:30Genie is the extreme evidence of environmental influence.
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23:37 - 23:39Despite all she'd been through, Genie's troubles were not over.
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23:40 - 23:44In her first foster home, Genie was severely punished for vomiting.
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23:45 - 23:51The experience was so traumatizing, Genie ended up back in children's hospital,
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23:51 - 23:55where the Riglers offered assistance.
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23:56 - 23:58You couldn't help it.
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24:00 - 24:05So now you're keeping you're mouth closed so you won't vomit.
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24:06 - 24:07Genie was afraid to open her mouth.
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24:24 - 24:29If you do not expose a human being to murder, rape, pedophilia,
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24:30 - 24:32zoophilia, necrophilia, weapons, racism,
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24:32 - 24:35then he will not know what they are.
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24:35 - 24:37It's like trying to imagine
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24:37 - 24:39a color youâve never seen before.
- Title:
- (h) TROM - 1.3 Environment
- Description:
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http://tromsite.com - Full documentary, very well organized (download, youtube stream, subtitles, credits, share, get involved, and many more)
Documentary´s description :
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TROM (The Reality of Me) represents the biggest documentary ever created, it is also the only one that tries to analyse everything : from science to the monetary system as well as real solutions to improve everyone's life.A new and ´real´ way to see the world.
"Before the Big-Bang, till present, and beyond."
------------------------------------------------------------------------- - Video Language:
- English
- Duration:
- 24:53
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Tio Trom edited English subtitles for (h) TROM - 1.3 Environment | |
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Tio Trom edited English subtitles for (h) TROM - 1.3 Environment | |
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João Diogo edited English subtitles for (h) TROM - 1.3 Environment | |
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Tio Trom added a translation |