Propaganda, Public Relations, Marketing, and Advertising: Ivy Lee and Edward Bernays

Propaganda has been around basically since the dawn of man in one form or another. But when it comes to modern propaganda, there are a few names that stand out. This documentary focuses on the origins of modern propaganda, and the practical applications.

Ivy Ledbetter Lee was an American publicity expert and a founder of modern public relations. (The term Public Relations is to be found for the first time in the preface of the 1897 Yearbook of Railway Literature). He is best known for his public relations work with the Rockefeller family. His first major client was the Pennsylvania Railroad, followed by numerous major railroads such as the New York Central, the Baltimore and Ohio, and the Harriman lines such as the Union Pacific. He established the Association of Railroad Executives, which included providing public relations services to the industry. Lee advised major industrial corporations, including steel, automobile, tobacco, meatpacking, and rubber, as well as public utilities, banks, and even foreign governments. Lee pioneered the use of internal magazines to maintain employee morale, as well as management newsletters, stockholder reports, and news releases to the media. He did a great deal of pro bono work, and during World War I, he became the publicity director for the American Red Cross.

Edward Louis James Bernays was an Austrian-American pioneer in the field of public relations and propaganda, referred to in his obituary as "the father of public relations." He combined the ideas of Gustave Le Bon and Wilfred Trotter on crowd psychology with the psychoanalytical ideas of his uncle, Sigmund Freud.

He felt this manipulation was necessary in society, which he regarded as irrational and dangerous as a result of the "herd instinct" that Trotter had described. Adam Curtis's award-winning 2002 documentary for the BBC, The Century of the Self, pinpoints Bernays as the originator of modern public relations, and Bernays was named one of the 100 most influential Americans of the 20th century by Life magazine.

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Ivy Lee wiki - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivy_Lee
Edward Bernays wiki - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Bernays
Public Relations Campaigns of Edward Bernays - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_relations_campaigns_of_Edward_Bernays
Edward Bernays - http://pr.wikia.com/wiki/Edward_Bernays
Ivy Lee - http://pr.wikia.com/wiki/Ivy_Lee
Ivy Ledbetter Lee - http://www.britannica.com/biography/Ivy-Ledbetter-Lee
Public Relations Through Time - http://www.ipr.org.uk/public-relations-through-time.html
Psychoanalysis Shapes Human Culture - http://www.apa.org/monitor/2009/12/consumer.aspx
Freud's Nephew and the Origins of Public Relations - http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4612464
Propaganda Quotes by Bernays - https://www.goodreads.com/work/quotes/481391-propaganda
The Iraq War and the Power of Propaganda - http://nationalinterest.org/node/5887
Media Propaganda in the War on Iraq - https://pages.gseis.ucla.edu/faculty/kellner/papers/mediapropaganda.htm
War Programming - http://www.jstor.org/stable/4121509?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
Freud's Nephew and Public Relations - https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/sex-drugs-and-boredom/201002/freuds-nephew-and-public-relations
Edward Bernays - Propaganda - http://smellslikehumanspirit.com/edward-bernays-propaganda

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