How quinoa can help combat hunger and malnutrition
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0:01 - 0:02Like so many of you,
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0:02 - 0:05when I'm hungry, I open the fridge
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0:05 - 0:08and get myself something to eat
any time I want. -
0:08 - 0:12This is something most of us
who live in a developed country -
0:12 - 0:13don't think much about.
-
0:14 - 0:18However, it is a luxury that I didn't
think I would ever have in my life -
0:18 - 0:22when I lived in a refugee camp
in Tanzania 23 years ago, -
0:22 - 0:23or even seven years ago,
-
0:23 - 0:25when I was living
in my home country of Rwanda -
0:25 - 0:27before I moved to the USA.
-
0:28 - 0:30I was only seven years old
-
0:30 - 0:34when my home country of Rwanda
went through the tragedy of the genocide -
0:34 - 0:35that took so many lives,
-
0:35 - 0:38and they made us flee the country,
and we became refugees. -
0:39 - 0:42Life in a refugee camp -- it wasn't life.
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0:43 - 0:45It was survival.
-
0:46 - 0:50I saw a lot of people dying
from disease, poor sanitation, -
0:50 - 0:52hunger.
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0:52 - 0:54Food became a rare commodity.
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0:54 - 0:56There were bad days.
-
0:56 - 1:00My family and I would survive
on the leaves and grasses from the forest. -
1:00 - 1:03There were also worse times,
-
1:03 - 1:08when we would go two or three days
without anything to eat at all, -
1:08 - 1:11only drinking water from the swamp.
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1:11 - 1:13After three years in a refugee camp,
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1:13 - 1:15we decided to return back to Rwanda.
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1:15 - 1:18And our struggle with food continued.
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1:18 - 1:23However, farming proved to be
the only reliable source of food. -
1:23 - 1:27But our food lacked
the nutritional diversity, -
1:27 - 1:29and we continued to depend
on food assistance -
1:29 - 1:32from the United Nations World Food Program
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1:32 - 1:34to balance our diet.
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1:34 - 1:38Still today, more than
70 percent of Rwandans, -
1:38 - 1:40they work in the agriculture sector.
-
1:40 - 1:44But malnutrition and stunting
remain rampant. -
1:44 - 1:47I came to realize that
food insecurity and malnutrition -
1:47 - 1:50were not happening because people
were not farming enough; -
1:52 - 1:54it was because people
were not farming the right crops. -
1:55 - 1:57I eventually left Rwanda
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1:57 - 2:01and moved to the USA for graduate school
-
2:01 - 2:04and discovered the possible
solution to that problem. -
2:04 - 2:07And that solution is quinoa.
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2:08 - 2:12Quinoa is indigenous
to the Indian regions of South America, -
2:12 - 2:15in countries like Bolivia, Peru ...
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2:16 - 2:19And it's very well-known
for its powerhouse nutrient, -
2:19 - 2:22and the crop has all the nine
essential amino acids, -
2:22 - 2:24making it a complete protein.
-
2:24 - 2:28But unfortunately,
quinoa is not cultivated as much -
2:28 - 2:30in different parts of the world.
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2:30 - 2:32In Rwanda, for example,
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2:32 - 2:35beans are the only thing
that kept so many of us alive -
2:35 - 2:38during those times
of hunger and starvation. -
2:39 - 2:40As a matter of fact,
-
2:40 - 2:43Rwanda is the number one
beans-consuming country -
2:43 - 2:45in the world per capita.
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2:45 - 2:47In this part of Africa,
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2:47 - 2:52beans are one of the only crops
that provide immediate food source, -
2:52 - 2:56because you can eat beans
at every stage of growth. -
2:56 - 2:59We eat beans, leaves
and green beans before harvest. -
3:00 - 3:02Unfortunately, you cannot cultivate beans
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3:02 - 3:05in the same field season after season.
-
3:05 - 3:07You need to ensure
there is regular rotation -
3:07 - 3:10to avoid disease and pests.
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3:10 - 3:16Like beans, farmers can enjoy
the nutritious quinoa leaves. -
3:16 - 3:19While beans are considered nutritious,
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3:19 - 3:21quinoa has far more micronutrients,
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3:21 - 3:25and with quinoa, you can make many [more]
different food products and drinks -
3:25 - 3:26than beans.
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3:26 - 3:27In 2015,
-
3:27 - 3:32alongside my research team
at Washington State University, -
3:32 - 3:34we introduced quinoa in Rwanda
for the first time. -
3:35 - 3:37We tested 20 varieties of quinoa
-
3:37 - 3:41to see the adaptability
in three ecological zones of Rwanda. -
3:42 - 3:45And the results were astonishing.
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3:45 - 3:47Among the 20 varieties we tested,
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3:47 - 3:5115 of them showed the potential
to grow well in Rwanda's climate. -
3:52 - 3:55And later, we started
Quinoa Model Farmers Program. -
3:55 - 3:58We gave those potential
varieties to farmers -
3:58 - 4:00to grow in their farm and community.
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4:00 - 4:02We started with 12 farmers,
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4:02 - 4:03and three years later,
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4:03 - 4:06we are now working with
around 500 farmers, -
4:06 - 4:08including my mother,
-
4:08 - 4:11who is locally known
as "the queen of quinoa" -
4:11 - 4:15because of her work in helping
other farmers adopt this crop. -
4:16 - 4:18We give them seeds,
-
4:18 - 4:20train them how to grow it
and how to cook it. -
4:20 - 4:22And farmers are pretty creative,
-
4:22 - 4:24coming up with recipes of their own.
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4:25 - 4:28And we've started seeing
remarkable changes in their lives, -
4:28 - 4:29including success stories
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4:29 - 4:35that many of them can now have access
to nutritious food three times a day. -
4:35 - 4:37I'd like to note that quinoa
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4:37 - 4:40is not meant to entirely
[push out] other crops. -
4:40 - 4:43We introduced quinoa as a supplement
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4:43 - 4:46to create overall health and nutrition,
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4:46 - 4:50rounding out diet
to combat chronic malnutrition. -
4:50 - 4:53We have started this model
with quinoa in Rwanda, -
4:53 - 4:56but it can be replicated
in different countries -
4:56 - 4:58experiencing hunger and malnutrition.
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4:59 - 5:05About one in nine people in the world
suffer from chronic malnutrition. -
5:05 - 5:07We have started research collaboration
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5:07 - 5:11with institutions in countries like
Kenya, Malawi, Uganda -
5:11 - 5:15and other countries
experiencing hunger and malnutrition. -
5:15 - 5:18And quinoa isn't the only magic crop.
-
5:18 - 5:21There are several crops
with high adaptability -
5:22 - 5:23and nutritional value,
-
5:25 - 5:30crops like millet, sorghum,
fonio, barley, oat, to name a few. -
5:30 - 5:35These crops have high adaptability
and respond well to climate change. -
5:35 - 5:39You can grow these magic crops
in different parts of the world, -
5:39 - 5:44bridging the gap, so that there is
accessible nutritious food for everyone. -
5:45 - 5:47I know how it feels to be hungry.
-
5:47 - 5:48I've been there.
-
5:49 - 5:52And I know how it feels
to be malnourished, -
5:52 - 5:54because I've been there, too.
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5:54 - 6:00Introducing crops with high biodiversity,
adaptability and nutritional value -
6:00 - 6:04will play an important role
in creating food security, -
6:04 - 6:07seed sovereignty
and sustainable production -
6:07 - 6:12in communities and countries that are
experiencing hunger and malnutrition. -
6:13 - 6:16Having nutritious food
should not be a luxury. -
6:17 - 6:22There is a need to ensure that there is
accessible and affordable nutritious food -
6:22 - 6:23for everyone.
-
6:23 - 6:26And this is a step towards
making it a reality. -
6:28 - 6:29Thank you.
- Title:
- How quinoa can help combat hunger and malnutrition
- Speaker:
- Cedric Habiyaremye
- Description:
-
On a mission to create a hunger-free world, agricultural entrepreneur Cedric Habiyaremye makes the case for cultivating quinoa -- and other versatile, nutrient-rich grains -- in places experiencing malnutrition, like his native Rwanda. He shares a model to help smallholder farmers across Africa diversify their fields with nutritious and indigenous crops, taking a step towards ensuring healthy foods are available and affordable for all.
- Video Language:
- English
- Team:
- closed TED
- Project:
- TEDTalks
- Duration:
- 06:42
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Ivana Korom edited English subtitles for How quinoa can help combat hunger and malnutrition |