The challenge of talking with children about life and death | Danai Papadatou | TEDxThessaloniki
-
0:13 - 0:16I would like to begin
by telling you a fairy tale. -
0:17 - 0:21Once upon a time,
a little girl called Eleana -
0:21 - 0:25was astonished to find, upon waking up,
-
0:25 - 0:31a dragon by her bedside,
small as a kitten. -
0:32 - 0:34She approached and petted it,
-
0:34 - 0:37and the dragon wagged his tail.
-
0:38 - 0:41Eleana ran straight
to her mother, shouting, -
0:41 - 0:45"Mum, mum, there is a dragon in my room!"
-
0:45 - 0:48"What are you talking about, Eleana?
-
0:48 - 0:52There is no such thing
as dragons," she replied. -
0:53 - 0:56When Eleana went back
to her room to get dressed, -
0:57 - 1:01the dragon approached her
happily shaking its tail, -
1:01 - 1:04but this time, Eleana did not pet it.
-
1:05 - 1:09Her mum said there were no dragons,
-
1:09 - 1:13so it would be silly of her
to pet a dragon that didn't exist. -
1:15 - 1:18As she sat at the table to have breakfast,
-
1:18 - 1:21the dragon sat there as well!
-
1:21 - 1:24And how could she possibly tell
a non-existent dragon, -
1:24 - 1:27"Get off the table
and stop eating my breakfast"? -
1:29 - 1:32The more Eleana ignored the dragon,
-
1:32 - 1:36the bigger it grew and grew,
-
1:36 - 1:39and it grew until it took over
the entire house. -
1:40 - 1:44Eventually it lifted the house
on its shoulders and started running. -
1:46 - 1:49Coming back from work that day,
-
1:50 - 1:53Eleana's dad was surprised to find
that his house was missing. -
1:54 - 1:59Thankfully, a neighbor showed him
which way it had gone, -
1:59 - 2:04so when he reunited with his wife
and daughter, he asked them, -
2:04 - 2:06"How did this happen?"
-
2:07 - 2:11"Well, there is a dragon ...,"
Eleana began, -
2:11 - 2:13but her mother interrupted her:
-
2:13 - 2:16"Eleana, there are no dragons."
-
2:16 - 2:18"No, no," Eleana insisted,
-
2:19 - 2:23"There is a dragon, a very big one,"
-
2:23 - 2:25and she petted its head.
-
2:27 - 2:33And the more she petted the dragon,
the smaller it became -
2:33 - 2:38until it went back
to the size of a kitten. -
2:39 - 2:43Eleana's mum lifted the dragon up
in her arms and wondered, -
2:44 - 2:47"Why did it have to grow so big?"
-
2:47 - 2:49To which Eleana replied,
-
2:49 - 2:54"I don't know. I think it just
wanted our attention." -
2:56 - 2:58The dragon of this fairy tale,
-
2:58 - 3:02which was written by Jack Kent
and adapted by me, -
3:02 - 3:06could be the fears
that every child and family have. -
3:07 - 3:10And one of these fears is death,
-
3:11 - 3:15which exists in children's
thoughts and questions, -
3:15 - 3:18as it did in little Eleana's.
-
3:19 - 3:21I was once like Eleana.
-
3:22 - 3:25Looking for answers,
-
3:25 - 3:31I approached my own dragon
through my professional commitment -
3:31 - 3:34to children who come face to face,
early on in their lives, -
3:34 - 3:39with their own death
or the death of a loved one. -
3:41 - 3:42Children and death:
-
3:43 - 3:46these are two words
that seem incompatible. -
3:46 - 3:51Yet death exists all around
in our children's lives, -
3:51 - 3:55in their fairy tales, their games,
the movies or the news they watch, -
3:56 - 3:59the losses they experience
in their family. -
4:00 - 4:03It's perfectly natural for them to wonder,
-
4:04 - 4:08to want to understand
what happens to people who die, -
4:08 - 4:11and whether they will come back.
-
4:11 - 4:15These questions are perfectly normal,
-
4:15 - 4:19there is nothing pathological
or morbid about them. -
4:20 - 4:26They indicate that the child
is growing emotionally and cognitively -
4:26 - 4:30and tries to understand
the mysteries of life, -
4:30 - 4:33such as birth and death.
-
4:34 - 4:39We adults are usually the problem
-
4:39 - 4:42because we are stunned
-
4:42 - 4:46and don't know what to say.
-
4:47 - 4:52Instead of hurrying to give answers,
-
4:52 - 4:58it's preferable to give children
some space to express themselves -
4:58 - 5:03so that we may understand
what exactly triggered their questions. -
5:04 - 5:09Is it something
that caught their attention? -
5:09 - 5:12A dead bird in the schoolyard?
-
5:13 - 5:17Are they upset because someone died?
-
5:17 - 5:20Maybe a classmate's parent?
-
5:20 - 5:24Are they worried about
the potential death of their own parents -
5:24 - 5:31because they smoke a lot and ask us
if everyone who smokes eventually dies? -
5:32 - 5:34The conversation that will unfold
-
5:34 - 5:39will depend on what the child
wants to know at that particular time -
5:40 - 5:45and must be adapted
to the child's evolutionary stage. -
5:47 - 5:52With small children,
we use simple, clear words. -
5:52 - 5:56We explain, for example,
that when someone dies -
5:57 - 6:00their body stops functioning,
-
6:00 - 6:03their heart stops beating,
-
6:03 - 6:06they don't breath or feel or think,
-
6:06 - 6:12and then we take their body
and place it in a box called a coffin, -
6:12 - 6:18and bury it in the ground
in a place called a cemetery. -
6:18 - 6:20Whereas with small children
-
6:21 - 6:27it is best to avoid references
to the soul and life after death, -
6:28 - 6:31as these are too abstract for them,
-
6:31 - 6:35with teenagers we can have
very productive conversations -
6:36 - 6:41about supernatural or religious
considerations regarding death, -
6:42 - 6:47as they have developed
the necessary mental capacity -
6:47 - 6:51to think in an abstract
and hypothetical manner. -
6:52 - 6:54In any case,
-
6:55 - 6:59we acknowledge that
no one knows what death is -
6:59 - 7:02and what exactly happens
to people who die. -
7:02 - 7:09We can share our personal religious
or philosophical beliefs about death, -
7:11 - 7:13but these are not the absolute truth,
-
7:14 - 7:21and it is very important for children
growing up in a multi-cultural world -
7:21 - 7:25to understand that there are
different beliefs about death. -
7:26 - 7:31These conversations become
even more difficult -
7:32 - 7:37when a child's life is
directly affected by death. -
7:39 - 7:43How do we talk to a child
about the death of a loved one? -
7:44 - 7:48And how do we manage
conversations with sick children -
7:48 - 7:52who want to talk about their own death?
-
7:52 - 7:59These challenges led
eight colleagues and myself -
7:59 - 8:05to found Merimna,
a non-profit organisation. -
8:05 - 8:08For the past 22 years,
-
8:08 - 8:12Merimna has offered
specialized, scientific services -
8:13 - 8:17in two areas:
-
8:18 - 8:25services to support children,
families, and school communities -
8:25 - 8:28that are affected
by the death of a loved one, -
8:28 - 8:31and palliative care to children
-
8:31 - 8:36who are terminally ill,
and to their families. -
8:37 - 8:43I am here because one of our objectives
at Merimna is to increase public awareness -
8:43 - 8:47and assist everyone
who comes in contact with children -
8:48 - 8:52in order to efficiently support them,
-
8:52 - 8:58to help them face
life’s challenges appropriately. -
9:00 - 9:05So, how do we talk to children
about the death of a loved one? -
9:06 - 9:08We never hide the truth.
-
9:08 - 9:11We speak directly, honestly,
-
9:11 - 9:14and give the child
all the information it needs. -
9:15 - 9:21We adjust what we say
to what they already know, -
9:21 - 9:23what they hope to find out,
-
9:23 - 9:26and we avoid facts
-
9:26 - 9:32that they are not ready to hear
at that particular time. -
9:34 - 9:38We use simple words like "died"
-
9:38 - 9:42and avoid expressions
such as "went to sleep," -
9:42 - 9:45"went on a journey," "is gone,"
-
9:45 - 9:48because they cause confusion,
-
9:48 - 9:51and a pre-school child
-
9:51 - 9:57may develop a fear
of going to sleep, in case they die, -
9:58 - 10:05or wonder why their loved one left,
-
10:05 - 10:10when they are coming back,
and why they didn't say goodbye. -
10:10 - 10:14We also avoid explanations like,
-
10:14 - 10:18"The person who died was good
and God summoned them," -
10:19 - 10:22because the child might
develop a fear of God -
10:23 - 10:28and start acting naughty
to avoid being summoned as well. -
10:30 - 10:35Even when we call things by their name,
-
10:35 - 10:39we should always remember
that pre-school children -
10:39 - 10:44cannot grasp the finality of death.
-
10:44 - 10:47So, they may ask questions like,
-
10:47 - 10:51"OK, they died, but how long
will they be dead? -
10:51 - 10:53When are they coming back?"
-
10:53 - 10:58They may also find it
difficult to understand -
10:58 - 11:01that vital organs can stop functioning
-
11:01 - 11:04in someone who died,
-
11:04 - 11:08and if they attend the funeral,
-
11:08 - 11:12they may even ask whether those who died
-
11:12 - 11:18are hungry, cold or upset,
wherever they are. -
11:20 - 11:23Only when they become teenagers
-
11:23 - 11:28do they have the cognitive background
-
11:28 - 11:30to understand that death
-
11:30 - 11:36is a final, irrevocable, universal fact
-
11:36 - 11:41that happens to everyone,
including themselves. -
11:42 - 11:46Any such conversation
-
11:46 - 11:50must leave the child room and time
-
11:50 - 11:52to talk about the person who died,
-
11:52 - 11:56to express feelings and mourn.
-
11:57 - 11:58Expressions like,
-
11:58 - 12:02"Now, now, don't be sad.
You must be strong," -
12:03 - 12:06or "Don't cry, because
that makes your mum sad," -
12:06 - 12:09or "You are now the woman of the house,"
-
12:10 - 12:14do not help and postpone mourning,
-
12:14 - 12:16creating adjustment problems.
-
12:18 - 12:20Let me tell you about Lydia.
-
12:20 - 12:24Her mother came to Merimna
-
12:24 - 12:31for advice on how to help
her nine-year-old daughter -
12:31 - 12:37understand that her father
was terminally ill. -
12:37 - 12:42After giving her the facts,
-
12:42 - 12:45Lydia's mother explained
that her father would eventually die -
12:45 - 12:50and encouraged her to assist in his care
-
12:50 - 12:54and say goodbye in her own way.
-
12:55 - 12:59The day Lydia's father died,
-
12:59 - 13:03she drew her heart broken in two.
-
13:04 - 13:11With the support of one
of Merimna's psychologists, -
13:12 - 13:16Lydia slowly managed
to talk about her father, -
13:16 - 13:18mourn her loss,
-
13:18 - 13:21and, a few months later,
-
13:21 - 13:26draw again her heart, glued back together,
-
13:27 - 13:32while noting that it would
always remain cracked. -
13:35 - 13:41Imagine loss, the death of a loved one,
-
13:42 - 13:44as a red ball
-
13:44 - 13:49that takes over a child's soul,
which is depicted here as a bottle. -
13:51 - 13:56We wrongly believe that, with time,
loss will be forgotten -
13:56 - 13:58and the ball will grow smaller
until it disappears. -
13:58 - 14:00But this is not the case.
-
14:01 - 14:06With appropriate support,
any child like Lydia -
14:06 - 14:11can develop resilience
-
14:11 - 14:17in order to accommodate
the loss of a loved one -
14:17 - 14:23which will always remain important
and a central focal point in their life. -
14:25 - 14:32But what about children whose life
is threatened by an illness? -
14:33 - 14:35Do they talk about death?
-
14:35 - 14:42They unquestionably realize
their health condition, -
14:42 - 14:45even when no one explains it to them.
-
14:45 - 14:48I had the honor
of accompanying many children -
14:48 - 14:50towards the end of their lives,
-
14:50 - 14:56and I have found that
they choose with whom to share -
14:57 - 15:00their feelings, needs and wishes,
-
15:00 - 15:03when death becomes inevitable.
-
15:04 - 15:10They choose someone who can handle
the pain of saying goodbye, -
15:10 - 15:16someone who gives them
the space to express their feelings -
15:16 - 15:21and understands what they are trying
to share indirectly and figuratively, -
15:21 - 15:28someone we will defend
their wishes and needs, -
15:28 - 15:35and someone who, when the times comes,
will allow them to go -
15:35 - 15:38without feeling guilty for those
that they leave behind. -
15:40 - 15:45When we find it hard
to accept a child's death, -
15:45 - 15:49we deprive the child of the opportunity
to say goodbye to us, -
15:49 - 15:53and we also deprive ourselves
of the opportunity -
15:54 - 16:00to ensure them that they will always
have a special place in our heart. -
16:03 - 16:06Danai Papadatou: "What have you drawn?"
I ask five-year-old Ellie. -
16:07 - 16:10Ellie: "Stairs that lead up to the sky."
-
16:10 - 16:15DP: "And who is climbing up the stairs?"
E: "People ... me." -
16:16 - 16:21DP: "And what is up there in the sky?"
E: "The sun, the moon and the stars." -
16:21 - 16:25DP: "And what will you do up there?"
E: "I will be looking at you." -
16:25 - 16:27DP: "Will I be able to see you?"
-
16:28 - 16:33E: "No, but you will see me
only in your heart." -
16:34 - 16:39Next to children like Ellie, I learned
to kneel down to their height, -
16:39 - 16:41to look them in the eyes,
-
16:41 - 16:46and to hear what they wanted
to share with me, -
16:46 - 16:49the important things in life,
-
16:50 - 16:53how fragile and valuable life is.
-
16:55 - 17:02Closing, I would like to invite you
to a reflection game. -
17:03 - 17:09Imagine that through some sort of magic,
-
17:09 - 17:15you find out that you will die
one year from now, -
17:15 - 17:18in whichever way you choose.
-
17:18 - 17:20So, you have one year to live.
-
17:22 - 17:29I want you to think of three things
that would change in your lives: -
17:29 - 17:37relationships, profession, aspects
of your character, life circumstances? -
17:37 - 17:42Something that makes life
difficult for no reason. -
17:43 - 17:48Then I want you to think of three things
that you would leave the same, -
17:48 - 17:50that you wouldn't change at all.
-
17:51 - 17:56These are usually associated
with our values and priorities, -
17:56 - 18:00anything that makes our life worthwhile.
-
18:01 - 18:07And finally, I want you
to determine a realistic goal -
18:07 - 18:12that you want to achieve within this year,
-
18:12 - 18:14something that will mark
-
18:14 - 18:18the story of your life and your existence.
-
18:20 - 18:23And when you do all these,
-
18:23 - 18:29I want you to think of the first thing
that you will do, starting today, -
18:29 - 18:35to change the things
that stop you from enjoying life -
18:35 - 18:40and to celebrate everything
that make life worth living. -
18:41 - 18:43In the words of Kazantzakis:
-
18:44 - 18:48"Death is like salt,
and it adds flavour to life." -
18:49 - 18:50Thank you.
-
18:50 - 18:52(Applause)
- Title:
- The challenge of talking with children about life and death | Danai Papadatou | TEDxThessaloniki
- Description:
-
Danai Papadatou has dedicated her life to helping children come to terms with death, whether that is a bereavement in their family or even the possibility of their own death following a life-limiting illness. Her TEDx talk provides a bittersweet guide to adults on how to navigate through these difficult conversations and life-changing realities.
Clinical Psychologist Danai Papadatou specialises in bereavement counseling and helps families and communities come to terms with death and traumatic events. Having worked in the oncological ward of a children's hospital, she learned from her young patients of the importance of living a life with quality and substance. In 1995, she co-founded "Merimna", a non-profit organisation that offers emotional support to families faced with bereavement and palliative care to children with life-limiting illness.
This talk was given at a TEDx event using the TED conference format but independently organized by a local community. Learn more at https://www.ted.com/tedx
- Video Language:
- Greek
- Team:
- closed TED
- Project:
- TEDxTalks
- Duration:
- 18:55