Ugly History: Japanese-American internment camps - Densho
-
0:08 - 0:10On December 7, 1941,
-
0:10 - 0:1616 year-old Aki Kurose shared in the
horror of millions of Americans -
0:16 - 0:19when Japanese planes
attacked Pearl Harbor. -
0:19 - 0:21What she did not know,
-
0:21 - 0:23was how that shared experience
-
0:23 - 0:28would soon leave her family and
over 120,000 Japanese Americans -
0:28 - 0:30alienated from their country,
-
0:30 - 0:32both socially and physically.
-
0:32 - 0:34As of 1941,
-
0:34 - 0:39Japanese American communities had been
growing in the US for over 50 years. -
0:39 - 0:41About one-third of them were immigrants,
-
0:41 - 0:45many of whom settled on the West Coast
and had lived there for decades. -
0:45 - 0:48The rest were born as American citizens,
like Aki. -
0:48 - 0:51Born Akiko Kato in Seattle,
-
0:51 - 0:53Aki grew up in a diverse neighborhood
-
0:53 - 0:57where she never thought of herself
as anything but American– -
0:57 - 1:01until the day after the attack, when a
teacher told her: -
1:01 - 1:03“You people bombed Pearl Harbor."
-
1:03 - 1:07Amid racism, paranoia,
and fears of sabotage, -
1:07 - 1:11people labelled Japanese Americans
as potential traitors. -
1:11 - 1:15FBI agents began to search homes,
confiscate belongings -
1:15 - 1:18and detain community leaders
without trial. -
1:18 - 1:22Aki’s family was not immediately subjected
to these extreme measures, -
1:22 - 1:29but on February 19, 1942, President
Roosevelt issued Executive Order 9066. -
1:29 - 1:33The order authorized the removal of any
suspected enemies– -
1:33 - 1:37including anyone of even
partial Japanese heritage– -
1:37 - 1:40from designated ‘military areas.’
-
1:40 - 1:41At first,
-
1:41 - 1:46Japanese Americans were pushed to leave
restricted areas and migrate inland. -
1:46 - 1:48But as the government froze
their bank accounts -
1:48 - 1:51and imposed local restrictions
such as curfews, -
1:51 - 1:55many were unable to leave–
Aki’s family among them. -
1:55 - 2:01In March, a proclamation forbid Japanese
Americans from changing their residency, -
2:01 - 2:04trapping them in military zones.
-
2:04 - 2:07In May, the army moved Aki and her family,
-
2:07 - 2:11along with over 7,000 Japanese Americans
living in Seattle -
2:11 - 2:14to "Camp Harmony"
in Puyallup, Washington. -
2:14 - 2:17This was one of several makeshift
detention centers -
2:17 - 2:20at former fairgrounds and racetracks,
-
2:20 - 2:25where entire families were packed into
poorly converted stables and barracks. -
2:25 - 2:27Over the ensuing months,
-
2:27 - 2:30the army moved Japanese Americans
into long-term camps -
2:30 - 2:33in desolate areas of the West and South,
-
2:33 - 2:38moving Aki and her family to
Minidoka in southern Idaho. -
2:38 - 2:40Guarded by armed soldiers,
-
2:40 - 2:45many of these camps were still being
constructed when incarcerees moved in. -
2:45 - 2:49These hastily built prisons were
overcrowded and unsanitary. -
2:49 - 2:53People frequently fell ill and were unable
to receive proper medical care. -
2:53 - 2:58The War Relocation Authority relied on
incarcerees to keep the camps running. -
2:58 - 3:03Many worked in camp facilities or taught
in poorly equipped classrooms, -
3:03 - 3:06while others raised crops and animals.
-
3:06 - 3:11Some Japanese Americans rebelled,
organizing labor strikes and even rioting. -
3:11 - 3:15But many more,
like Aki’s parents, endured. -
3:15 - 3:19They constantly sought to recreate some
semblance of life outside the camps, -
3:19 - 3:23but the reality of their
situation was unavoidable. -
3:23 - 3:28Like many younger incarcerees,
Aki was determined to leave her camp. -
3:28 - 3:31She finished her final year
of high school at Minidoka, -
3:31 - 3:34and with the aid of an anti-racist Quaker
organization, -
3:34 - 3:38she was able to enroll at
Friends University in Kansas. -
3:38 - 3:44For Aki’s family however, things wouldn’t
begin to change until late 1944. -
3:44 - 3:46A landmark Supreme Court case
-
3:46 - 3:50ruled that continued detention of American
citizens without charges -
3:50 - 3:51was unconstitutional.
-
3:51 - 3:53In the fall of 1945,
-
3:53 - 3:56the war ended and the camps closed down.
-
3:56 - 4:00Remaining incarcerees
were given a mere $25 -
4:00 - 4:03and a train ticket to their
pre-war address, -
4:03 - 4:07but many no longer had a home
or job to return to. -
4:07 - 4:10Aki’s family had been able to
keep their apartment, -
4:10 - 4:14and Aki eventually returned
to Seattle after college. -
4:14 - 4:18However, post-war prejudice
made finding work difficult. -
4:18 - 4:21Incarcarees faced discrimination
and resentment -
4:21 - 4:24from workers and tenants
who replaced them. -
4:24 - 4:27Fortunately, Japanese Americans
weren’t alone -
4:27 - 4:30in the fight against
racial discrimination. -
4:30 - 4:34Aki found work with one of Seattle’s first
interracial labor unions -
4:34 - 4:37and joined the Congress
of Racial Equality. -
4:37 - 4:40She became a teacher,
and over the next several decades, -
4:40 - 4:44her advocacy for multicultural, socially
conscious education -
4:44 - 4:46would impact thousands of students.
-
4:46 - 4:51However, many ex-incarcerees,
particularly members of older generations, -
4:51 - 4:54were unable to rebuild
their lives after the war. -
4:54 - 4:57Children of incarcerees began a movement
-
4:57 - 5:02calling for the United States to atone
for this historic injustice. -
5:02 - 5:07In 1988, the US government officially
apologized for the wartime incarceration– -
5:07 - 5:11admitting it was the catastrophic result
of racism, hysteria, -
5:11 - 5:14and failed political leadership.
-
5:14 - 5:16Three years after this apology,
-
5:16 - 5:18Aki Kurose was awarded the
Human Rights Award -
5:18 - 5:21from the Seattle Chapter
of the United Nations, -
5:21 - 5:26celebrating her vision of peace and
respect for people of all backgrounds.
- Title:
- Ugly History: Japanese-American internment camps - Densho
- Speaker:
- Densho
- Description:
-
View full lesson: https://ed.ted.com/lessons/ugly-history-japanese-american-internment-camps-densho
On December 7, 1941, 16 year-old Aki Kurose shared in the horror of millions of Americans when Japanese planes attacked Pearl Harbor. Unbeknownst to her, this shared experience would soon leave her family and over 120,000 Japanese Americans alienated from their country, both socially and physically. Densho explores the racism and paranoia that led to the unjust internment of Japanese Americans.
Lesson by Densho, directed by Lizete Upīte.
- Video Language:
- English
- Team:
- closed TED
- Project:
- TED-Ed
- Duration:
- 05:27
lauren mcalpine edited English subtitles for Ugly history: Japanese American incarceration camps | ||
lauren mcalpine approved English subtitles for Ugly history: Japanese American incarceration camps | ||
lauren mcalpine accepted English subtitles for Ugly history: Japanese American incarceration camps | ||
lauren mcalpine edited English subtitles for Ugly history: Japanese American incarceration camps | ||
Tara Ahmadinejad edited English subtitles for Ugly history: Japanese American incarceration camps | ||
Tara Ahmadinejad edited English subtitles for Ugly history: Japanese American incarceration camps |