How the compass unlocked the world
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0:00 - 0:01Growing up in Missouri,
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0:02 - 0:04they would kind of take us
out into the woods, -
0:04 - 0:07and they would give you a map,
and they would give you a compass, -
0:07 - 0:09and you had to find your way home.
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0:09 - 0:11And without the compass,
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0:11 - 0:12you can't even read the map.
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0:12 - 0:14That's what I'm here to tell you.
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0:14 - 0:15The compass is the key.
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0:15 - 0:16[Small thing.]
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0:16 - 0:18[Big idea.]
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0:21 - 0:25A compass is most simply a piece of metal
that has been magnetized, -
0:25 - 0:29so that it will turn towards
the Earth's magnetic pole. -
0:29 - 0:32The one that we all think of
is the pocket compass. -
0:32 - 0:33It looks like a watch, right?
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0:33 - 0:35You can hold it in your hand
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0:35 - 0:37and watch the little needle bounce around
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0:37 - 0:39until you find north.
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0:39 - 0:43Magnetism is still a pretty
mysterious force to physicists, -
0:43 - 0:46but what we do know for sure
is that a compass works -
0:46 - 0:48because the Earth is this giant magnet.
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0:48 - 0:50And when you use a compass,
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0:50 - 0:53you are in touch with
the very center of our planet, -
0:53 - 0:57where this kind of roiling
ball of molten iron -
0:57 - 1:00is spinning around
and creating a magnetic field. -
1:00 - 1:03Just like a magnet you can
play with on your tabletop, -
1:03 - 1:05it has a north pole and a south pole,
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1:05 - 1:08and we use compasses to find our way
north because of that fact. -
1:09 - 1:14The earliest known compass comes
from about 200 BC in China. -
1:14 - 1:17They figured out that some of the metal
coming out of the ground -
1:17 - 1:18was naturally magnetic,
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1:18 - 1:21and so they fashioned
this magnetized metal -
1:21 - 1:23into this kind of ladle-looking thing,
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1:23 - 1:24put it on a brass plate
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1:24 - 1:26and then it would point north.
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1:26 - 1:29It seems to have been primarily
used to improve feng shui, -
1:29 - 1:32so they could figure out
what was the best way for energy to flow -
1:32 - 1:34through their living spaces.
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1:34 - 1:37Sailors were probably the early adopters
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1:37 - 1:39of the more portable versions of it,
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1:39 - 1:41because no matter where the sun was,
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1:41 - 1:43no matter what the condition
of the stars were, -
1:43 - 1:45they would always
be able to find north. -
1:45 - 1:49Now, much later, the Europeans
are the ones who innovate -
1:49 - 1:50and come up with the compass rose.
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1:50 - 1:52It essentially laid out
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1:52 - 1:54what north, south, east
and west looked like, -
1:54 - 1:58and it also enabled you
to kind of create new directions, -
1:58 - 2:01like northwest, southeast, what have you.
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2:01 - 2:04And for the first time,
they knew where they were going. -
2:04 - 2:05That's kind of a big deal.
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2:05 - 2:09But also, I think it was part
of this general reinvigoration -
2:09 - 2:11of European science.
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2:11 - 2:12You might know it as the Renaissance.
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2:12 - 2:15Lots of new tools were invented,
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2:15 - 2:17from the telescope to the microscope.
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2:17 - 2:19Maps got better because
of compasses, right? -
2:19 - 2:22Because then you start to understand
which direction is which, -
2:22 - 2:24you get a lot more detail,
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2:24 - 2:25and that just kind of changes
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2:26 - 2:28the human relationship to the world.
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2:28 - 2:31The compass with a map
is like a superpower. -
2:31 - 2:33Everything that we think
of as world history -
2:33 - 2:36would not have taken place
without the compass: -
2:36 - 2:40the age of exploration, Magellan
circumnavigating the globe, -
2:40 - 2:42even the fact that we know it is a globe.
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2:42 - 2:45The compass ends up getting embedded
in all these other tools, -
2:45 - 2:48because it is such a functional object.
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2:48 - 2:50So you might have it
embedded in your multi-tool, -
2:50 - 2:52you might have it
embedded in your phone. -
2:52 - 2:54The compass is everywhere,
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2:54 - 2:58because it's literally how we find our way
across the face of the Earth. -
2:58 - 2:59So you can go off and explore,
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2:59 - 3:04and find out what is over that next hill
or that next horizon, -
3:04 - 3:07but you can also reliably
find your way home.
- Title:
- How the compass unlocked the world
- Speaker:
- David Biello
- Description:
-
"Everything that we think of as world history would not have taken place without the compass." TED science curator David Biello explains how the device changed our relationship to the world.
- Video Language:
- English
- Team:
- closed TED
- Project:
- TED Series
- Duration:
- 03:21
Brian Greene edited English subtitles for How the compass unlocked the world | ||
Brian Greene edited English subtitles for How the compass unlocked the world | ||
Erin Gregory approved English subtitles for How the compass unlocked the world | ||
Erin Gregory edited English subtitles for How the compass unlocked the world | ||
Camille Martínez accepted English subtitles for How the compass unlocked the world | ||
Camille Martínez edited English subtitles for How the compass unlocked the world | ||
Camille Martínez edited English subtitles for How the compass unlocked the world | ||
Brian Greene edited English subtitles for How the compass unlocked the world |