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[INTRODUCTION THEME MUSIC]
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Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis said,
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"If you bungle raising your children,
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nothing else much matters in life."
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So much is at stake, and yet,
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in an ABC news poll done for Primetime,
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54 percent of the parents polled said
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they feel overwhelmed by the job.
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So we decided to try something different.
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We decided to make parents reporters
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reporting on themselves.
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We gave them cameras and said,
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"Take for us the scenes that trouble you the most."
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And then Jay Schadler went in with an expert
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to give some practical clues, advice, and support
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on the most important job in the world-
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raising a child.
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[LULLABY PLAYING]
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[INDISTINCT TALKING]
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Karina and David Rush are wearing
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great expectations these days.
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What do you think of this?
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Do you think this will fit?
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A baby's on the way,
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and they're about to become parents.
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Thrilling, exciting, nerve-wracking,
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a lot of changes probably that need to be made
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in our lives, but we're very happy to make them,
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and we're ready.
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Barry and Barbara Cohen already have nine years
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of on-the-job experience.
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It's totally not what I expected.
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It's very rewarding, don't get the wrong impression,
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but it's ten times more work
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than I ever thought it would be.
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Parenting may be the most challenging
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and important job we'll ever face.
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It's certainly the most mysterious.
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Our children come with no instruction manuals,
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no blue prints, guaranteeing success.
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And so we puzzle over the great riddle
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of raising our kids.
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We can definitely teach parents
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specific techniques to use with their kids,
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and specific ways to interpret
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what their kids are doing.
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Doctor Lawrence Kutner, a clinical psychologist,
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teaches at Harvard Medical School
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and is a columnist for Parent's Magazine.
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What makes it difficult now is that the problems
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faced by parents of this generation are quite different
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from the problems faced by parents
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of one or two generations ago.
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It ain't gonna happen that you're gonna go
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to somebody else's house and we're not
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going to know who they are.
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To understand what those problems are
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and begin grappling with solutions,
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Primetime spoke to hundreds of parents
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of school age children.
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Eventually we gave 12 parents video cameras
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to document the home front battles.
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You're 16, you have no right to do anything,
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you're just a kid!
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Between these takes, and our conversations,
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lies a portrait of modern parenting.
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I was a teenager when I thought I knew more
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than my parents, but my six year old thinks
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he knows more than I do.
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Kids would know, "No," would mean, "No,"
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when we were growing up.
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"No" means "why?"
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And it just goes and on and on and on.
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The only knowledge I had to raise
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my kids was the way that I was raised.
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But hasn't that worked for centuries?
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Has it? I don't know. I don't think so.
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It's not working in my house.
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We begin with Barry and Barbara Cohen,
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who have been fighting with their two sons
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ages nine and seven, about everything from
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homework to bedtime.
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Unsure of what to do,
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Dad does what was done to him.
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I spanked one of my children so hard.
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I hated myself.
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I looked and I said, "What am I doing?"
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I knew I couldn't continue like that.
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Is Daddy a good parent?
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No. Turn it off!
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And why he is not a good parent?
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Because he yells at me,
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he hits me, he punishes me,
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he makes me go to bed early.
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And why does he do that?
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Because he's mean.
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Tell me an episode when you lost control.
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The two of them would be fighting.
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I would tell them five minutes before,
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"Don't even look at each other,
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don't sit near each other,
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just stay away from each other."
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A minute later, one of them is crying
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or both of them are crying.
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I would be so upset myself that I would lose
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control, I'd wind up spanking them,
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and everybody would be crying.
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And where do you think you got that idea
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to do that in the first place?
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My father was a screamer, my mother was
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a screamer, and my father used to whip
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the belt off in one flash and you know,
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we'd get whipped.
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Well Dad, here we are.
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Children not listening.
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Misbehaving.
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DON'T DO IT AGAIN!
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You, go to your room.
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David, you're in your room.
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Where are you?
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He's hiding.
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I'm in my room!
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[SCREAMING]
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Barry comes from a long line of screamers.
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And that's what he grew up with,
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and that's what he knows,
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and that's what he's perpetuating.
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Even if it doesn't work,
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that's the one technique he's comfortable with,
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so he keeps doing it.
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Yes, but you can't always be explaining to kids.
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Well, no, you can't always be explaining to kids,
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but you can say, "You guys are acting out
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too much; you're going to have to quiet down.
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I want you in your room until you can quiet down."
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That's very different from the
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"You, in your room; you, in your room."
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Do you believe in spanking?
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By itself, it's a lousy technique.
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It doesn't teach the child anything new
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except to fear you.
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Kerry and Michael Pollack have two sons,
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seven year old Zachary and four year old Dillon.
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You know, it's funny, because as much as every day
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is trying to keep your kids in control,
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every day is keeping yourself in control.
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Absolutely.
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And it's hard.
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Most of the time I know that I feel like
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I'm in control of no one and nothing.
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Capturing the chaos on tape is easy
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compared to calming the storm.
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What would you do?
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You disobeyed me!
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Go upstairs when your shoes are tied,
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and when you can- I CAN'T TIE THEM!
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That is an absolutely classic temper tantrum.
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The kid is unable to express in words
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the intensity of the emotion
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that he or she feels.
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And so it comes out with flailing arms
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and kicking legs and screaming.
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They're completely out of control.
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So, what you want to do is you stay calm,
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the child needs to barrow your calmness.
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I like that idea.
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What you do is you walk over and you physically
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move your child, even if it's only two or three feet.
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Why?
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It shows that you are in control of the situation.
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There are times, are there not, when punishment
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is absolutely called for?
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Well, discipline is different from punishment.
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Discipline has to do with teaching.
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And yes, there are times when a kid needs
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to see the consequences of behavior.
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What I like having is natural consequences of things.
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Your child loses his baseball mitt all the time,
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well you don't go out and buy another one.
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How about time outs? What do you think
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about time outs? Pretty effective?
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There are two purposes to time out.
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One, is your child has to calm down,
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get back in control.
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The other is the parent has time to calm down
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and get back into control.
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What we found with time out is
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the shortest period possible is the best.
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Of course, as children grow older,
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the menu of parenting problems
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becomes more complex.
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How do you give your child a taste
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of independence without risking their safety?
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It's a balancing act Marilyn McLaughlin
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struggles with every day.
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You know, your lungs sound pretty good.
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As a single working mom with two girls,
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thirteen year old Erin and eleven year old Mary.
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It's coming home from school by themselves,
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it's knowing that your neighborhood
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is not going to look out for them.
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This is how it is, this is the world we live in,
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it's not, you know, all starry-eyed.
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You don't run around, you meet men you do not
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go up to them, you do not say hello,
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we do not become friendly with them. That's it.
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So now what do you think that does to them
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when they look at men?
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It puts the fear of God in them,
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which is fine by me. Okay?
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I think that they should be leery of anything
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they're not sure of.
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She has a tremendous amount of fear,
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not all of it that well justified,
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if you look at what are the real dangers for kids.
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But here, Marilyn is a single mother, she's working
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she's seen how hard it can be out there.
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Yes, absolutely.
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And she cares tremendously about these children.
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But instilling that type of fear
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will eventually work against her.
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Here's what happens when Mary,
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her eleven year old, asks to have
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thirty extra minutes after school
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to hang out with friends.
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I do not approve of you being out
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on the street without adult supervision
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for that length of time by yourself.
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We don't hang out in the streets.
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Mary, where do you hang out
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and talk to your friends?
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In school, in the school yard.
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No, you...
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Also, people play basketball and we sit on the side.
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But there's no adult supervision over there.
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There's a guard.
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No, the guard is not looking out for you.
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He doesn't care what's going on.
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Yeah, 'cause he stands by the gate
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until like six o'clock at night.
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The whole matter of fact is this,
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that I feel very uncomfortable.
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She's just in the school yard.
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How do I know she's just in the school yard?
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I'm supposed to trust you to say
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that you are just in the school yard?
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Yes, you are!
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Here we have the daughter who is telling her,
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you know, this is what I need.
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I need more independence.
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Right.
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I need more time.
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The mother is saying I don't want you
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to spend time on the street.
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They haven't met in the middle and say,
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I know you need more independence,
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more autonomy; maybe we can find someplace
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that isn't home, but where there is adult supervision.
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Maybe there's an after school program,
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where I, as your mother, will feel more comfortable,
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and you'll get to be with some of your friends
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and there are going to be adults around.
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It's natural for kids to keep pushing the boundaries,
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testing the limits of their freedom.
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For Bill and Ellen Owens and their
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twelve year old son, Patrick, a rock concert
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has drawn the border line between them.
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What's wrong with going to a concert?
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Well, from what I've...
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I've never been to one of these modern concerts.
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You know, the last one I was at was
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probably Peter, Paul, and Mary.
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Now, I understand that they're fairly dangerous.
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That lots of things are going on
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inside those closed doors.
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The argument moves to their living room
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where both parents and child slip into
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their well-worn roles.
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When was the last rock concert you were at, Dad?
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Thirty-five years ago.
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Exactly!
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Look, Patrick, they weren't in the papers
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thirty-five years ago saying that people
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were seriously hurt at concerts.
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This concert was not in the newspaper.
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Yes, but we're not going to know the next one
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that's going to blow up into a riot
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with the mosh pits, people are going
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to get hurt and killed and call the ambulances.
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Is there someone that's going to bring a gun?
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Yeah, we are scared, you're right.
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You don't think that they're at all dangerous?
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I never said that! Never!
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Alright, you agree that they are dangerous?
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Mom, walking across the street is dangerous.
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You're taking on risk.
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You're not nervous going into a place
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where you can be hurt?
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No. No, I don't walk out the door and shiver.
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This is a twelve year old boy.
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Is that too young to go to a concert?
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There's no age cut off either way.
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What's important is that if this is such
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a big deal for the child, how can the parents see that
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their main need, the child's safety, is addressed?
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That can be with a chaperon.
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If they're scared that he's going to get injured
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in moshing, how could he avoid it?
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If he finds himself surrounded by this,
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if people are grabbing at him,
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what does he do?
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If they decide not to let him go to this concert,
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should their be other options given at this point?
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Yes, they should let him do something different.
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Otherwise, he's going to keep on pushing
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the envelope, keep on pushing for more.
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But they're frayed on the bottom!
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With adolescence, picking your battles
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may be half the war.
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That perennial skirmish over your
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teenager's clothes is a perfect example.
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You can't go out with pants like that!
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Here, Patrick wants to wear
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pajama bottoms to school.
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But what's the message of wearing these?
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There's no message, Mom.
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What's the message wearing that?
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There's no message.
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But they're not real flannel outdoor pants.
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They are pajamas.
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Not anymore.
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When did they stop being pajamas?
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When I put a shirt and shoes on.
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That's when they stop being pajamas.
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So, if I went in heels and earrings
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with a bathing suit, does it stop
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being a bathing suit?
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No.
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I think the kid has a point.
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You know, that there is no message in that.
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This is the sort of thing where I'd be very
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willing to just give in on it.
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Clothes, by and large, are a mole hill,
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as opposed to a mountain.
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Yeah, yeah.
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One of the ways that teenagers can exercise
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control over how they look,
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plus they're getting taller,
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they're getting gawkier,
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they're developing breasts,
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they're developing muscles,
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and they don't know what's going to happen next.
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Well, you can control some of that
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by how you dress.
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Well, if control is the overwhelming issue
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in the early years of child rearing,
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in adolescence the focus shifts
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to more social concerns.
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Choosing the right friends,
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handling the pressure of sex or drugs.
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The best advice is yet to come.
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So, as a parent, you have managed to survive
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sibling rivalry, temper tantrums, and the time outs.
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And then, like Jay Schadler himself,
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you wake up one day and suddenly find yourself
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living with a teenager.
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For parents and their children,
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no issue seems more entangled with risks
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and revelations than the subject of sex.
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An age old topic complicated by a modern danger.
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I told them that it wasn't worth dying for.
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That sex was not worth dying for.
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I've told my girls that this is a natural part
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of growing up- you will want to have sex.
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And when that boy has you in that car,
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trying to promise you every single there is
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in this entire world, to have sex,
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and telling you he will be there tomorrow-
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I am a single mother, I am here to tell you
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he will not be there tomorrow.
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Marilyn McLaughlin's thirteen year old
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daughter, Erin, wants to begin dating.
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The discovery that she's already begun kissing
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catches Mom a little off guard.
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Do you think that you should be allowed
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to go on dates by yourself,
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or do you think you want to go
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on chaperoned dates?
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By myself.
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How old are the boys that you want to date?
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My age.
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Okay. Do you know that there's people
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your age who, I think, are involved in like
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kissing and sex and all that stuff, right?
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What's wrong with kissing?
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For me, like, kissing at this age
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is like exchanging body fluids.
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And, like, why are you kissing?
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I don't know.
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Okay. So if you don't even know
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why you're kissing, then how can you kiss him?
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So everybody you like you're going to kiss?
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No.
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Well, you just said you like people.
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Well, I've only kissed two people this year.
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My God, that's a lot of kissing, Mary.
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From me not even knowing
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that you kissed one person.
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There's been no discussion here
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about why this girl wants to date.
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If you think about from a child her daughter's age,
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What are they interested in?
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They're starting to develop these new bodies.
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They don't know if they're attractive.
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And they may want just some physical affection
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and some cuddling, but the only way they
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can get that, that they're aware of,
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is trading it out for more active sex.
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That's something that really is important
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for parents to talk about.
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Sexuality, together with drugs and violence,
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define a trilogy of teenage problems,
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that our parents say has made their jobs
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more difficult than ever.
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Regina and Bill Pinto now admit
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it took them too long to deal with
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seventeen year old Billy's behavior.
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He'd go to some boy's house,
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and we didn't where it would be,
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we didn't know where the kid lived.
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We would find that instead of going
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to movies, they'd be hanging out a mall.
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Instead of hanging out a mall,
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they'd be at a pool hall.
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And it just kept escalating.
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We started seeing paraphernalia like clothing
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with certain symbolisms on it. Right.
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Leaf designs.
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We found bongs made out of coke bottles.
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I mean, pretty inventive stuff, underneath his bed.
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But despite all the signals, including striking changes
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in their son's appearance, the Pintos took refuge
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in an old parental strategy.
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It will pass, you know.
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What he's doing now, it's just a stage
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he's going through.
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When you see a change in the fundamentals
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of your child's behavior, you should
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start asking what's going on.
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So, you really need to sort of always
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be doing a little of interpreting?
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They're going to go at it obliquely,
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they're going to hint around a little bit.
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Right.
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A kid comes in and says,
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"Gee, Mom and Dad, I'm going to some parties
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and they're serving some beer."
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That's a marvelous opportunity
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to talk about what's going on.
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Because you're child is coming to you
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and saying, "I don't know how to handle this."
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You talk about something you call
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developing refusal skills.
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What does that mean?
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If you have a child who is approached,
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"G, do you want to smoke some of this stuff,"
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or, "do you want to try sniffing some of this stuff?"
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Your child wants to maintain the relationship
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with, it's probably a friend, it's not
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going to be a street dealer in the beginning.
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So you need to give your child
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the skills to say, "No, I don't want that."
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"Why don't we try this?"
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And it actually with younger kids
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can be as simple as,
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"Let's go play some video games,"
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or, "Let's go to the movies."
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What happens when your teenager comes to you
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and says, "Dad, did you do drugs?"
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You don't have to say everything.
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Just like if your child asks you about
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your sex life- you don't have to say everything.
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Who our children choose as friends
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is a window on how they view themselves
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and their values.
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So it's a good place for parents
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to keep their eyes open.
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Every so often, your child will choose
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a friend who is dramatically different.
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And that's a way for your child
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to live vicariously, perhaps, through that person.
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It's a pattern of friendships that are, say,
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inappropriate then I'd get worried.
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What you look for as a parent of teenagers
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is a dramatic change in friends
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or secrecy about friends.
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Just this summer, Karina and David Rush,
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the couple we met at the beginning of our story,
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became parents.
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Their great expectations now ride
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under a white blanket.
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But the hard work has already begun.
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As diaper changes and midnight feedings
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inevitably give way to first dates
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and late night parties, the best advice
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may be to remember that the ultimate goal
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is not about making carbon copies of ourselves.
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But a healthy, happy, original.
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I'd like my kids, our kids, to feel really good
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about themselves, and I think if they can
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feel that way that they can accomplish
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whatever they want.
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I want them to have a spiritual life,
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because I really feel that because of this
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lack of community that gives a sound center
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that carries on into your adulthood.
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I'd like my kids to grow up and move out.
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The secret is out.
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With so many working parents and
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so few extended family members nearby these days,
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experts say that it is more important than ever
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for parents to know their children's friends,
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and the friend's parents.
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To develop a phone system for keeping
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tabs on children while at work.
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And remember, parenting classes really can
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make a difference.
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There are studies that show that parent training
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significantly improves child behavior.
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[CLOSING THEME MUSIC]