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Hello. Welcome to internet history,
technology and security. I'm Charles
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Severance. And I'll be your instructor for
this course. So let's start right away.
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Like, who do I think should take this
course? And the course the answer is you,
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You should take this course. Because
everyone should take this course. The
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network that we touch and use is with us
pretty much all the time. Obviously, if
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you're watching this lecture. You're
watching it over the internet. How does
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all this stuff work? Who made it? You
know this didn't just grow on trees.
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People built this, right? And we're gonna
talk about a highly technical thing.
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Perhaps the most complex engineering task
humanity's ever undertaken, maybe. But
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we're not gonna talk from a math
perspective, and we're not gonna talk from
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a programming perspective. I mean, really,
were not going to, we're not gonna push
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you on that stuff. We gonna talk about
really cool technical things, we're gonna
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meet some really cool people, but it's not
a technical course. It's a course about
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listening and understanding and thinking
critically about the people who made the
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internet what it is. So it's, we are going
to explain some things and ask you to
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reflect a bit. So. This is going to
include a bunch of oral history. Oral
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history that I've gathered. And my co-host
on my television show, Richard Wiggins
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gathered. Starting in the. In the 90's.
Through the, present day I
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continue to gather this. And continue to
keep asking people who've done amazing
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things on the internet. Like, what did it
take? How did it work? What were you
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thinking? What was innovative. What, what
went wrong? Real history's a bit messy.
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Real history is not. As simple as a 30
minute PBS special would like it to be
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sometimes. Those are actually sort of fun
television. We are actually going to hear
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from people listen to them a little bit
longer. We aren't going to try to collapse
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everything into two minute segments. We
are gonna listen to these people . Then
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we're gonna ask some critical questions
about what do we think about the way folks
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talk about these innovations. And then the
second half of the class we'll really dig
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into to how the Internet works. Still
avoiding any programming or any technology
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or anything complicated. We are just gonna
sort of from a. A simple set of metaphors
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as we can possibly come up with understand
the architecture of the internet and
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you'll be fine. You'll be surprised at
just how much you understand. So, I always
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like to start the first lecture talking a
little about me, so you get to know me. I
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am a professor at the University of
Michigan School of Information. School of
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Information studies a lot of things. It
studies social science like things. Data
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and information and technology so we like
to say School of Information studies
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connecting people information and
technology in more interesting ways. And I
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as a faculty member have written several
books. And I am on the web and you can
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follow me on Twitter and I do a lot of
traveling. Who knows maybe. Maybe during
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this class I'll end up in your country or
in your town, and, and who knows, we can
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do something. So, if you want, feel free
to stalk me on Twitter. I'm, I'm always on
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Twitter. So. A big feature of this class
is. Videos, particularly the first half
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where we're talking about the history. And
I was really fortunate in 1995. Really
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most people would say that the, the
internet and web took off in the, outside
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the academic sector in like 1994. And in
1995, I had a television show. It was
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sponsored by, TCI CableVision, which is a
cable company that no longer exists because
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it, because it got eaten by I think AT&T
ultimately. But through 1995, from 1995
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through 1999 my, me and my co-host Richard
Wiggans We would run around with cameras,
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and go to conferences and do whatever. Put
cameras in people's faces, famous people
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who had done things. Now back in the mid
90's, the internet wasn't nearly as fancy
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and as important as it is now, so it was
really easy to find these people and they
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were always happy to talk. So, we got in
their own words, the kind of innovation.
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So, the people on this slide... On one
side here, we have Tim Berners-Lee. Tim
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Berners-Lee is the inventor of the world
wide web and we'll meet him later in the
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history lecture. Right now, we're gonna
take a look at a fellow named James Wells.
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He was one of the founders of the real
audio. And just to kind of give you a
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sense of the kinds of things that led me.
>> It really inspired me by some of the
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people doing some really kind of amazing
thinking in this internet was just, first
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getting started, so here's, here's James
Wells of RealAudio. >> We have sort
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of over 700 thousand people who have
downloaded the player in a last six
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months at a rate of 250,000 per month, so if we just do
the arithmetic you will imagine that over
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the next six months, there would be
many millions of people listening and tens
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of thousands of people producing. It
allows the idea of what we call narrow
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casting. That is to take information in a
very inexpensive way and get it to very
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specific points of interest and targets.
Another large user of, of, of RealAudio
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is education. >> Mm-hm. >> You know,
distance learning. The ability to, to
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provide a learning
environment. Over time, and over space.
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So that was James Wells of RealAudio. He's got big ideas. One of the things you saw in that video was a
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modem. You saw little blinking lights,
well that's data moving back and forth.
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And, and you know, in 1993 94 95 we used
28 kilobit modems. You know, when you,
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when you have your fancy phone and it goes
down to Edge. That is 128 kilobits and.
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And you think that's terrible. Well. Back
in 1992-92 we were using 28. Kilobit,
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which is one-third, one-quarter of what
Edge is today, and that was, was not much
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bandwidth at all but even in that, James
Wells has this imagination that we could
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squeeze teaching down into little tiny
audio and people can take audio classes
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all around the world. Now this actually
inspired me and it really has become my
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research. So I started teaching, using
technology much like what we're using
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right now, except far less sophisticated.
I created this thing called Sync-O-Matic,
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and what it did in 1996 is that it sent
both slides and audios. See that kind of
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scary looking picture of me, that scary
looking picture of me sitting there. Ahh,
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that guy looks a little bit scary right
there. That was my picture, we couldn't
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send video. We could only send audio
because the connections were so slow back
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in 1996. But I sent slides. So I'd give my
lectures, I'd record the audio, we'd flip
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the slides and there was no drawing on the
screen or no fancy things at all. And, and
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then in 1999, I switched jobs, went from
one university to another and I wrote the
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next thing. And, this was a thing I
called Clip Board and it's actually very
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similar to what we're using today, other
than the fact that what we're using today
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is much more sophisticated but you can
actually draw on, slide, and you could
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flip the slide back and forth and you have
a pointer and you can type text on the
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slider make a blank thing. I had this
thing working and I was trying to, To give
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it to Apple. I built this on Apple
hardware and I tried to give it to Apple
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in 1999. And they didn't take it. But,
there's now. Things like ScreenFlow and
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Camtasia. And, whole bunch of other things
that, That do this. And so. This, this
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moment where I'm sitting on this
television set and I see this guy talking
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about the future of education is gonna be
over the Internet it really triggered
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me, to sort of. Go through a whole series
of things to change my research. Area from
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what was then high performance computing.
So, I'm sitting, you know. Sitting on the
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TV set, and I see that education might be
a good thing. I immediately go out and I
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invent this thing called Sync-O-Matic, and
then I invented this thing called ClipBoard.
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Click. So ClipBoard, that was sorta 1999
and then I, I couldn't get anybody to buy
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into the idea of using this stuff. I mean
now it's, obviously we're using it right
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now, but I kinda got frustrated, so I
decided that what I would do then is work
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on a learning management system, Sakai.
Some of you actually might have used Sakai
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as your learning management system. I was
the chief architect of the Sakai project
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and instrumental, continued to work with
the Sakai learning management system. And
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then when I found that Sakai only had reached
two or three percent market share. Then I
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decided that I was gonna work on
interoperability between learning
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management systems with the kind of secret
notion that I would plug material just
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like my recorded lectures into these
learning management systems. And so then I
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spent a few years, 2007 through 2010,
eleven, twelve, with IMS, which is a
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standards organization that built
standards. And so it's really kind of it's
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kind of ironic to be sitting here, in
effect, fifteen years later and teaching you
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guys with this totally cool, and awesome
technology. Called Coursera. Because it
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really was. It was the vision that I had
and some [inaudible]. I couldn't be more
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excited. To be working with Coursera. And
so I also have this alter ego Dr Chuck.
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Most of my students call me Dr Chuck, the
reason I call, I came up with this
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nickname was, I got my PhD rather late in
life, and I thought that it would be
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Hypocritical if I stopped making fun of
people with PhDs just because I had one.
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And so I, I adopted the nickname, Dr.
Chuck. For those of you who wanna go do
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some research, the, it wasn't Dr. Phil or,
or, Dr. Drew. It was, actually, Dr. Ruth
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was the television doctor. So you can go,
do some research on who Dr. Ruth is. And
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so I got some pictures here about what
some of my hobbies are. I play hockey. I
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do a lot of travelling. Sakai does
cause me to do a travel. I've been around
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the world. That, I think, picture there,
is like. Three or four years of my travel.
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That's what those pushpins are. I ride
motorcycles. Off-road motorcycles. On-road
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motorcycles. I got--you can go see video s
of that. I do karaoke. All of my pictures
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of course are not of me doing karaoke, but
me taking pictures of my friends when
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they're doing karaoke. I wrote a book.
Several books. And I also wrote a book
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about my experiences in the Sekaya
Project. And I'll close with.. A bit of
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humorous video that I made that you might
have heard of called the "iPad Steering
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Wheel Mount." And if you haven't, go ahead
and Google "iPad Steering Wheel Mount."
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And it's a, a short video that I'm, that
I'm curious what you think. So. Next we'll
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talk a little bit more about the detail of
how the course is going to work, and how
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grading's going to work and other things
like that. So see you in a bit.