The real reason why mosquitoes buzz
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0:00 - 0:03(Mosquito buzzing)
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0:03 - 0:05Greg Gage: We've all heard
the annoying sound of a mosquito, -
0:06 - 0:08and we will stop at nothing
to make it go away. -
0:08 - 0:10While this sound may be maddening to us,
-
0:10 - 0:12perhaps it's music to a mosquito's ears.
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0:12 - 0:16The mosquito's nervous system has almost
as many sensory auditory cells as we do. -
0:16 - 0:19But why would they have
so many in such a small body, -
0:19 - 0:21and why would they need to be
so sensitive to sounds? -
0:22 - 0:23The answer is love.
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0:23 - 0:25[DIY Neuroscience]
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0:25 - 0:28(Music)
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0:28 - 0:30As humans, we do a lot
to attract each other. -
0:30 - 0:31Some things are conscious --
-
0:31 - 0:33we put on makeup
and make sure we smell nice. -
0:33 - 0:35And some are unconscious.
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0:35 - 0:38You may unconsciously point your body
or even sit closer to someone you like. -
0:38 - 0:42These are courtship behaviors,
and a lot of animals have them. -
0:42 - 0:43And mosquitoes are no different.
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0:43 - 0:47So Haley's been spending her summer
bravely listening to mosquitoes, -
0:47 - 0:48and what she observed may surprise you.
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0:48 - 0:52So we want to investigate
how the mosquitoes make their song. -
0:52 - 0:54So Haley, how do we record
their wing beats? -
0:55 - 0:56Haley Smith: We need to tether them.
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0:56 - 1:01First, we anesthetize them
in a fridge or a bed of ice. -
1:01 - 1:05And then I transfer them
to this petri dish of ice, -
1:05 - 1:07just to get them even more anesthetized.
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1:07 - 1:10Next, I take an insect pin,
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1:10 - 1:15and what I do is put a tiny little dab
of superglue on this pin. -
1:15 - 1:18I want to make sure that I get it
on his thorax above his wings -
1:18 - 1:22so that when he is suspended,
his wings are still free to move. -
1:22 - 1:23So here's one down.
-
1:23 - 1:26It's really hard to catch
male mosquitoes in the wild -
1:26 - 1:30because females are the only mosquitoes
that are attracted to humans. -
1:30 - 1:31They feed on human blood.
-
1:31 - 1:37And now, we can try to get
some recordings from them. -
1:37 - 1:39So this is the stand
that I use to hold them. -
1:39 - 1:41I like to place it
right over the microphone -
1:41 - 1:44so that I can get a recording
of the buzzing that you hear. -
1:44 - 1:47That sound is generated
by how fast they're beating their wings. -
1:47 - 1:48This is a male.
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1:48 - 1:52The males have very bushy antennae,
and they look kind of feathery. -
1:52 - 1:55And they are also much smaller.
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1:55 - 1:58GG: So he's flying at around 600 hertz.
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1:58 - 2:00Can we try a female mosquito?
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2:00 - 2:02HS: Sure, here we go.
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2:02 - 2:08(Mosquito buzzing, lower pitch)
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2:08 - 2:09GG: Wow.
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2:09 - 2:12HS: This is a much lower
frequency than the male. -
2:12 - 2:14GG: Yeah, it sounds completely different.
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2:14 - 2:16(Mosquito buzzing)
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2:16 - 2:18(Mosquito buzzing, lower pitch)
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2:19 - 2:21So is it because they're
two different mosquitoes, -
2:21 - 2:23or because they're male and female?
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2:23 - 2:25HS: It's because
they're male and female. -
2:25 - 2:26GG: Alright, let's verify that.
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2:26 - 2:29Can you bring in another female
and see if she sounds -
2:29 - 2:31like mosquito A or mosquito B?
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2:31 - 2:32HS: Yeah.
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2:32 - 2:34(Mosquito buzzing, lower pitch)
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2:34 - 2:36And again, she is much lower
than the male. -
2:36 - 2:37GG: Yeah, she sounds different.
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2:38 - 2:43(Mosquito buzzing, lower pitch)
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2:43 - 2:45Yeah, she's spot-on 400.
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2:45 - 2:47HS: She really is.
GG: That's really bizarre. -
2:47 - 2:51HS: The females are at a much
lower pitch. They were around 400 hertz. -
2:51 - 2:53HS: And all of the females
were around that, too. -
2:53 - 2:55They were much larger than the males,
-
2:55 - 2:58so they didn't have to flap their wings
as fast to stay in free flight. -
2:58 - 3:01GG: So they have larger wings,
so they're flapping slower. -
3:01 - 3:05And you noticed that all the females
have the same frequency, roughly? -
3:05 - 3:07And the males do, too.
That's kind of interesting. -
3:07 - 3:09So that must mean something.
-
3:09 - 3:12Well, let's see what happens when
we put the male and the female together. -
3:12 - 3:16(Mosquitoes buzzing; pitch varies)
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3:16 - 3:19HS: When I put them
into the same hearing range, -
3:19 - 3:21I noticed that they were kind of
changing their tones. -
3:21 - 3:24It was kind of more dull, almost.
-
3:24 - 3:25(Mosquitoes buzzing)
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3:25 - 3:29And when I put it back in my spectrogram
to see their interaction, -
3:29 - 3:31they were meeting at the same tone.
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3:31 - 3:33GG: OK, pause.
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3:33 - 3:35The males and females are singing a duet,
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3:35 - 3:39meaning that they adjust their wings
to be able to produce a common tone. -
3:39 - 3:41You have the male singing up here at G,
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3:41 - 3:44and you have the female
singing down here at D, -
3:44 - 3:45and when they get together,
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3:45 - 3:49you're saying that they change
the frequency of their wings -
3:49 - 3:50such that they come together?
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3:50 - 3:53HS: Yeah, exactly.
GG: And they sort of sing a duet. -
3:53 - 3:58(Mosquitoes gradually
adjusting to identical pitch) -
3:58 - 4:00HS: They're communicating
to let each other know -
4:00 - 4:02that they've basically
found a potential mate. -
4:02 - 4:03GG: So in other words,
-
4:03 - 4:06the female tends to choose
a male that best sings her duet. -
4:07 - 4:09And studies have found
that if she's pregnant, -
4:09 - 4:10she doesn't even bother.
-
4:11 - 4:13So if we can understand
the mosquito mating behavior, -
4:13 - 4:17we may be able to disrupt it in the wild
and prevent diseases like malaria. -
4:17 - 4:21But for now, the next time
you hear a mosquito buzzing, -
4:21 - 4:25just pause and remember she may be in love
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4:25 - 4:26and she may be singing her song,
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4:26 - 4:28looking for her perfect match.
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4:28 - 4:29(Mosquito buzzing)
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4:29 - 4:30(Smack)
- Title:
- The real reason why mosquitoes buzz
- Speaker:
- DIY Neuroscience
- Description:
-
What does the love song of a mosquito sound like? Find out as our intrepid neuroscientists explore the meaning of all that annoying buzzing in your ear.
- Video Language:
- English
- Team:
- closed TED
- Project:
- TED Series
- Duration:
- 04:46
Brian Greene edited English subtitles for The real reason why mosquitoes buzz | ||
Brian Greene edited English subtitles for The real reason why mosquitoes buzz | ||
Brian Greene approved English subtitles for The real reason why mosquitoes buzz | ||
Brian Greene accepted English subtitles for The real reason why mosquitoes buzz | ||
Brian Greene edited English subtitles for The real reason why mosquitoes buzz |