I was held hostage for 317 days. Here's what I thought about… | Vincent Cochetel | TEDxPlaceDesNations
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0:13 - 0:15I cannot forget them.
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0:15 - 0:20Their names were Aslan, Alik, Andrei,
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0:20 - 0:25Fernanda, Fred, Galina, Gunnhild,
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0:25 - 0:30Hans, Ingeborg, Matti, Natalya,
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0:30 - 0:35Nancy, Sheryl, Usman, Zarema,
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0:35 - 0:36and the list is longer.
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0:38 - 0:41For many, their existence, their humanity,
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0:41 - 0:45has been reduced to statistics,
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0:45 - 0:48coldly recorded as "security incidents."
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0:49 - 0:50For me, they were colleagues
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0:50 - 0:54belonging to that community
of humanitarian aid workers -
0:54 - 0:57that tried to bring a bit of comfort
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0:57 - 1:00to the victims of the wars
in Chechnya in the '90s. -
1:01 - 1:06They were nurses, logisticians,
shelter experts, -
1:06 - 1:08paralegals, interpreters.
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1:09 - 1:13And for this service, they were murdered,
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1:13 - 1:15their family torn apart,
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1:15 - 1:17and their story largely forgotten.
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1:19 - 1:21No one was ever sentenced
for these crimes. -
1:24 - 1:26I cannot forget them.
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1:26 - 1:28They live in me somehow,
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1:28 - 1:31their memories giving me meaning everyday.
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1:31 - 1:35But they are also haunting
the dark street of my mind. -
1:36 - 1:37As humanitarian aid workers,
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1:37 - 1:41they made the choice
to be at the side of the victim, -
1:41 - 1:46to provide some assistance,
some comfort, some protection, -
1:46 - 1:48but when they needed
protection themselves, -
1:48 - 1:49it wasn't there.
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1:51 - 1:53When you see the headlines
of your newspaper these days -
1:53 - 1:56with the war in Iraq or in Syria,
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1:56 - 2:01"Aid worker abducted," "Hostage executed,"
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2:01 - 2:02but who were they?
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2:03 - 2:04Why were they there?
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2:05 - 2:06What motivated them?
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2:07 - 2:09How did we become
so indifferent to these crimes? -
2:11 - 2:13This is why I am here today with you.
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2:14 - 2:16We need to find better ways
to remember them. -
2:17 - 2:20We also need to explain
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2:20 - 2:23the key values to which
they dedicated their lives. -
2:23 - 2:26We also need to demand for justice.
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2:29 - 2:31When in '96, I was sent
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2:31 - 2:35by the United Nations High Commissioner
for Refugees to the North Caucasus, -
2:35 - 2:36I knew some of the risks.
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2:36 - 2:38Five colleagues had been killed,
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2:38 - 2:40three had been seriously injured,
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2:40 - 2:43seven had already been taken hostage.
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2:43 - 2:44So we were careful.
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2:45 - 2:49We were using
armored vehicles, decoy cars, -
2:49 - 2:52changing patterns of traveling,
changing homes, -
2:52 - 2:54all sorts of security measures.
-
2:56 - 3:01Yet on a cold winter night
of January '98, it was my turn. -
3:03 - 3:06When I entered my flat
in Vladikavkaz with a guard, -
3:06 - 3:08we were surrounded by armed men.
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3:09 - 3:12They took the guard,
they put him on the floor, -
3:12 - 3:15they beat him up in front of me,
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3:15 - 3:16tied him, dragged him away.
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3:18 - 3:23I was handcuffed, blindfolded,
and forced to kneel, -
3:23 - 3:26with the silencer of a gun
pressed against my neck. -
3:27 - 3:29When it happens to you,
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3:29 - 3:31there is no time for thinking,
no time for praying. -
3:33 - 3:35My brain went on automatic,
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3:35 - 3:39rewinding quickly
the life I just left behind. -
3:40 - 3:43It took me long minutes to figure out
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3:43 - 3:46that those masked men
were not there to kill me, -
3:46 - 3:50but that someone, somewhere,
had ordered my kidnapping. -
3:52 - 3:56Then a process of dehumanization
started that day. -
3:56 - 3:59I was no more than just a commodity.
-
4:02 - 4:06I normally don't talk about this,
but I'd like to share a bit with you -
4:06 - 4:09some of those 317 days of captivity.
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4:10 - 4:13I was kept in an underground cellar,
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4:13 - 4:15total darkness,
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4:15 - 4:18for 23 hours and 45 minutes every day,
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4:18 - 4:21and then the guards
would come, normally two. -
4:21 - 4:24They would bring a big piece of bread,
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4:24 - 4:27a bowl of soup, and a candle.
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4:28 - 4:32That candle would burn for 15 minutes,
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4:32 - 4:3615 minutes of precious light,
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4:36 - 4:40and then they would take it away,
and I returned to darkness. -
4:43 - 4:46I was chained by a metal cable to my bed.
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4:46 - 4:50I could do only four small steps.
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4:51 - 4:53I always dreamt of the fifth one.
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4:55 - 4:59And no TV, no radio, no newspaper,
no one to talk to. -
4:59 - 5:03I had no towel, no soap, no toilet paper,
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5:03 - 5:06just two metal buckets, open,
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5:06 - 5:09one for water, for one waste.
-
5:12 - 5:17Can you imagine that mock execution
can be a pastime for guards -
5:17 - 5:20when they are sadistic
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5:20 - 5:22or when they are just bored or drunk?
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5:24 - 5:26We are breaking my nails very slowly.
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5:27 - 5:31Isolation and darkness
are particularly difficult to describe. -
5:32 - 5:33How do you describe nothing?
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5:34 - 5:37There are no words for the depths
of loneliness I reached -
5:37 - 5:42in that very thin border
between sanity and madness. -
5:44 - 5:49In the darkness, sometimes,
I played imaginary games of checkers. -
5:49 - 5:52I would start with the black,
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5:52 - 5:53play with the white,
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5:53 - 5:56back to the black,
trying to trick the other side. -
5:58 - 5:59I don't play checkers anymore.
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6:01 - 6:05I was tormented
by the thoughts of my family -
6:05 - 6:07and my colleague, the guard, Edik.
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6:07 - 6:10I didn't know what had happened to him.
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6:10 - 6:12I was trying not to think.
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6:12 - 6:14I tried to fill up my time
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6:14 - 6:17by doing all sorts
of physical exercises on the spot. -
6:18 - 6:22I tried to pray, I tried all sorts
of memorization games. -
6:23 - 6:28But darkness also creates images
and thoughts that are not normal. -
6:28 - 6:34One part of your brain wants you
to resist, to shout, to cry, -
6:34 - 6:37and the other part of the brain
orders you to shut up -
6:37 - 6:39and just go through it.
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6:40 - 6:44It's a constant internal debate;
there is no one to arbitrate. -
6:45 - 6:50Once a guard came to me,
very aggressively, and he told me, -
6:50 - 6:53"Today you're going to kneel
and beg for your food." -
6:54 - 6:58I wasn't in a good mood,
so I insulted him. -
6:58 - 7:01I insulted his mother,
I insulted his ancestor. -
7:02 - 7:05The consequence was moderate:
he threw the food into my waste. -
7:06 - 7:08The day after, he came back
with the same demand. -
7:09 - 7:12He got the same answer,
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7:12 - 7:13which had the same consequence.
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7:16 - 7:19Four days later,
the body was full of pain. -
7:19 - 7:22I didn't know hunger hurt so much
when you have so little. -
7:24 - 7:27So when the guards came down --
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7:30 - 7:32I knelt.
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7:33 - 7:34I begged for my food.
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7:36 - 7:42Submission was the only way for me
to make it to another candle. -
7:44 - 7:45After my kidnapping,
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7:45 - 7:48I was transferred
from North Ossetia to Chechnya, -
7:48 - 7:53three days of slow travel
in the trunks of different cars, -
7:53 - 7:55and upon arrival, I was interrogated
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7:55 - 7:57for 11 days by a guy called Ruslan.
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7:59 - 8:00The routine was always the same:
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8:00 - 8:03a bit more light, 45 minutes.
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8:03 - 8:04He would come down to the cellar,
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8:04 - 8:07he would ask the guards
to tie me on the chair, -
8:07 - 8:11and he would turn on the music loud,
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8:11 - 8:14and then he would yell questions.
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8:14 - 8:16He would scream. He would beat me.
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8:16 - 8:18I'll spare you the details.
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8:18 - 8:21There are many questions
I could not understand, -
8:21 - 8:24and there are some questions
I did not want to understand. -
8:27 - 8:31The length of the interrogation
was the duration of the tape: -
8:31 - 8:3315 songs, 45 minutes.
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8:33 - 8:35I would always long for the last song.
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8:37 - 8:40On one day, one night in that cellar,
I don't know what it was, -
8:40 - 8:43I heard a child crying above my head,
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8:43 - 8:46a boy, maybe two or three years old.
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8:46 - 8:49Footsteps, confusion, people running.
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8:51 - 8:54So when Ruslan came the day after,
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8:54 - 8:56before he put the first question to me,
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8:56 - 9:00I asked him, "How is your son today?
Is he feeling better?" -
9:00 - 9:03Ruslan was taken by surprise.
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9:03 - 9:06He was furious that the guards
may have leaked some details -
9:06 - 9:07about his private life.
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9:08 - 9:13I kept talking about NGOs
supplying medicines to local clinics -
9:13 - 9:17that may help his son to get better,
and we talked about education. -
9:17 - 9:19We talked about families.
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9:20 - 9:22He talked to me about his children.
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9:22 - 9:24I talked to him about my daughters.
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9:24 - 9:27And then he'd talk about guns,
about cars, about women, -
9:27 - 9:30and I had to talk about guns,
about cars, about women. -
9:31 - 9:34And we talked until
the last song on the tape. -
9:36 - 9:40Ruslan was the most brutal man I ever met.
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9:42 - 9:44He did not touch me anymore.
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9:44 - 9:46He did not ask any other questions.
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9:47 - 9:49I was no longer just a commodity.
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9:51 - 9:56Two days after, I was transferred
to another place. -
9:56 - 9:58There, a guard came to me,
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9:58 - 10:01very close, it's quite unusual,
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10:01 - 10:05and with a very soft voice, he said,
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10:05 - 10:07"I'd like to thank you
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10:07 - 10:11for the assistance your organization
provided my family -
10:11 - 10:13when we were displaced
in nearby Dagestan." -
10:16 - 10:19What could I possibly reply?
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10:20 - 10:24It was so painful.
It was like a blade in the belly. -
10:25 - 10:27It took me weeks of internal thinking
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10:27 - 10:31to try to reconcile the good reasons
we had to assist that family -
10:31 - 10:34and the soldier of fortune he became.
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10:34 - 10:36He was young, he was shy.
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10:36 - 10:38I never saw his face.
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10:39 - 10:40He probably meant well.
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10:41 - 10:44But in those 15 seconds,
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10:44 - 10:47he made me question everything we did,
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10:47 - 10:49all the sacrifices.
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10:50 - 10:53He made me think also how they see us.
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10:53 - 10:56Until then, I had assumed
that they know why we are there -
10:56 - 10:58and what we are doing.
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10:59 - 11:00One cannot assume this.
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11:02 - 11:06Well, explaining why we do this
is not that easy, -
11:06 - 11:08even to our closest relatives.
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11:09 - 11:12We are not perfect, we are not superior,
-
11:12 - 11:15we are not the world's fire brigade,
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11:15 - 11:17we are not superheroes,
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11:17 - 11:19we don't stop wars,
-
11:19 - 11:21we know that humanitarian response
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11:21 - 11:24is not a substitute
for a political solution. -
11:24 - 11:29Yet we do this because one life matters.
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11:29 - 11:31Sometimes that's the only
difference you make, -
11:31 - 11:34one individual, one family,
a small group of individuals, -
11:34 - 11:36and it matters.
-
11:36 - 11:39When you have a tsunami,
an earthquake, or a typhoon, -
11:39 - 11:43you see teams of rescuers
coming from all over the world, -
11:43 - 11:45searching for survivors for weeks.
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11:46 - 11:48Why? Nobody questions this.
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11:49 - 11:51Every life matters,
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11:51 - 11:53or every life should matter.
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11:56 - 11:58This is the same for us
when we help refugees, -
11:58 - 12:04people displaced within their country
by conflict, or stateless persons. -
12:05 - 12:06I know many people,
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12:06 - 12:09when they are confronted
with overwhelming suffering, -
12:09 - 12:11they feel powerless,
-
12:11 - 12:13and they stop there.
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12:13 - 12:16It's a pity, because there are
so many ways people can help. -
12:17 - 12:19We don't stop with that feeling.
-
12:19 - 12:21We try to do whatever we can
to provide some assistance, -
12:21 - 12:24some protection, some comfort.
-
12:25 - 12:26We have to.
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12:26 - 12:28We can't do otherwise.
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12:28 - 12:32It makes us feel, I don't know,
simply, human. -
12:34 - 12:36After my release --
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12:39 - 12:41That's a picture of me
the day of my release. -
12:43 - 12:45I can see in your faces
you don't like my look. -
12:45 - 12:47(Laughter)
-
12:47 - 12:48But with all due respect,
-
12:48 - 12:50when I watch TV these days,
-
12:50 - 12:51I find myself quite trendy on that one.
-
12:51 - 12:55(Laughter)
-
12:56 - 13:00Months after my release,
I met the then-French Prime Minister. -
13:01 - 13:03The second thing he told me, he said,
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13:03 - 13:06"You were totally irresponsible
to go to the North Caucasus. -
13:06 - 13:09You don't know how many
problems you've created for us." -
13:09 - 13:11(Laughter)
-
13:12 - 13:13It was a short meeting.
-
13:13 - 13:16(Laughter)
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13:16 - 13:20I think helping people
in danger is responsible. -
13:21 - 13:25In that war, that nobody
seriously wanted to stop, -
13:25 - 13:28and we have many of these today,
-
13:28 - 13:32bringing some assistance to people in need
and a bit of protection -
13:32 - 13:34was not just an act of humanity,
-
13:34 - 13:37it was making a real difference
for the people. -
13:37 - 13:39Why could he not understand this?
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13:40 - 13:42We have a responsibility to try.
-
13:42 - 13:45You've heard about that concept:
Responsibility to Protect. -
13:47 - 13:50Outcomes may depend on various parameters.
-
13:51 - 13:54We may even fail,
but there is worse than failing, -
13:54 - 13:56it's not even trying when we can.
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13:58 - 14:03Well, if you are made this way,
if you sign up for this sort of job, -
14:03 - 14:07your life is going to be full
of joy and sadness, -
14:07 - 14:10because there are a lot of people
we cannot help, -
14:10 - 14:13a lot of people we cannot protect,
a lot of people we did not save. -
14:13 - 14:15I call them my ghosts,
-
14:16 - 14:19and by having witnessed
their suffering from close, -
14:19 - 14:23you take a bit of that suffering
on yourself. -
14:23 - 14:26Many young humanitarian workers
-
14:26 - 14:29go through their first experience
with a lot of bitterness. -
14:29 - 14:32They are thrown into situations
where they are witness, -
14:32 - 14:35but they are powerless
to bring any change. -
14:35 - 14:37They have to learn to accept it
-
14:38 - 14:41and gradually turn this
into positive energy. -
14:41 - 14:42It's difficult.
-
14:42 - 14:44Many don't succeed.
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14:45 - 14:49But for those who do,
there is no other job like this. -
14:49 - 14:52You can see the difference
you make every day. -
14:54 - 14:56Humanitarian aid workers
know the risk they are taking -
14:57 - 15:02in conflict areas or in post-conflict
environments, -
15:02 - 15:09yet our life, our job, is becoming
increasingly life-threatening, -
15:09 - 15:12and the sanctity of our life is fading.
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15:13 - 15:16Do you know that since the millennium,
-
15:16 - 15:20the number of attacks
on humanitarian aid workers has tripled? -
15:21 - 15:242013 broke new records:
-
15:25 - 15:28155 colleagues killed,
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15:28 - 15:31171 seriously wounded,
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15:31 - 15:34134 abducted.
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15:35 - 15:37So many broken lives.
-
15:39 - 15:45Until the beginning of the civil war
in Somalia in the late '80s, -
15:45 - 15:48humanitarian aid workers
were sometimes victims -
15:48 - 15:50of what we call collateral damages,
-
15:50 - 15:54but by and large, we were not
the target of these attacks. -
15:54 - 15:56This has changed.
-
15:56 - 15:57Look at these pictures.
-
15:57 - 16:00Baghdad, August 2003:
-
16:00 - 16:0224 colleagues were killed.
-
16:02 - 16:06Gone are the days
when the U.N. blue flag or Red Cross -
16:06 - 16:09would automatically protect us.
-
16:10 - 16:13Criminal groups and some political groups
-
16:13 - 16:16have cross-fertilized
over the last 20 years, -
16:16 - 16:19and they've created this sort of hybrids
-
16:19 - 16:22with whom we have no way of communicating.
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16:22 - 16:27Humanitarian principles are tested,
questioned, and often ignored. -
16:28 - 16:32But perhaps more importantly,
we have abandoned the search for justice. -
16:32 - 16:35There seems to be
no consequence whatsoever -
16:35 - 16:39for attacks against
humanitarian aid workers. -
16:39 - 16:43After my release, I was told
not to seek any form of justice. -
16:43 - 16:45"It won't do any good to you."
-
16:45 - 16:47That's what I was told.
-
16:47 - 16:50"Plus, you're going to put in danger
the life of other colleagues." -
16:52 - 16:55It took me years to see the sentencing
-
16:55 - 17:00of three people associated
with my kidnapping, -
17:00 - 17:02but this was the exception.
-
17:02 - 17:06There was no justice
for any of the humanitarian aid workers -
17:06 - 17:10killed or abducted
in Chechnya between '95 and '99, -
17:10 - 17:13and it's the same all over the world.
-
17:15 - 17:16This is unacceptable.
-
17:16 - 17:18This is inexcusable.
-
17:18 - 17:23Attacks on humanitarian aid workers
are war crimes in international law. -
17:23 - 17:26Those crimes should not go unpunished.
-
17:26 - 17:29We must end this cycle of impunity.
-
17:29 - 17:32We must consider that those attacks
against humanitarian aid workers -
17:32 - 17:35are attacks against humanity itself.
-
17:36 - 17:38That makes me furious.
-
17:40 - 17:45I know I'm very lucky,
compared to the refugees I work for. -
17:47 - 17:50I don't know what it is to have seen
my whole town destroyed. -
17:50 - 17:54I don't know what it is to have seen
my relatives shot in front of me. -
17:54 - 17:57I don't know what it is to lose
the protection of my country. -
17:58 - 18:02I also know that I'm very lucky
compared to other hostages. -
18:02 - 18:09Four days before my eventful release,
four hostages were beheaded -
18:09 - 18:12a few miles away from where
I was kept in captivity. -
18:12 - 18:14Why them?
-
18:15 - 18:18Why am I here today?
-
18:19 - 18:20No easy answer.
-
18:23 - 18:26I was received with a lot of support
that I got from my relatives, -
18:26 - 18:30from colleagues, from friends,
from people I didn't know. -
18:30 - 18:33They have helped me over years
to come out of the darkness. -
18:34 - 18:37Not everyone was treated
with the same attention. -
18:38 - 18:42How many of my colleagues,
after a traumatic incident, -
18:42 - 18:44took their own life?
-
18:45 - 18:48I can count nine that I knew personally.
-
18:49 - 18:52How many of my colleagues
went through a difficult divorce -
18:52 - 18:55after a traumatic experience,
-
18:56 - 19:00because they could not explain
anything anymore to their spouse? -
19:00 - 19:01I've lost that count.
-
19:03 - 19:05There is a price for this type of life.
-
19:07 - 19:12In Russia, all war monuments have
this beautiful inscription at the top. -
19:12 - 19:13It says,
-
19:13 - 19:16(In Russian) "Nikto ne zabyt,
nichto ne zabyto." -
19:16 - 19:21(In English) No one is forgotten,
nothing is forgotten. -
19:23 - 19:26I do not forget my lost colleagues.
-
19:26 - 19:27I cannot forget anything.
-
19:28 - 19:31I call on you to remember their dedication
-
19:31 - 19:35and demand that humanitarian
aid workers around the world -
19:35 - 19:36be better protected.
-
19:38 - 19:43We should not let that light of hope
they have brought to be switched off. -
19:44 - 19:46After my ordeal,
a lot of colleagues asked me, -
19:46 - 19:48"But why do you continue?
-
19:48 - 19:49Why do you do this sort of job?
-
19:49 - 19:51Why do you have to go back to it?"
-
19:52 - 19:54My answer was very simple.
-
19:55 - 19:57If I had quit --
-
19:59 - 20:01that would have meant
my kidnapper had won. -
20:02 - 20:04They would have taken my soul
-
20:04 - 20:05and my humanity.
-
20:06 - 20:07Thank you.
-
20:08 - 20:11(Applause)
- Title:
- I was held hostage for 317 days. Here's what I thought about… | Vincent Cochetel | TEDxPlaceDesNations
- Description:
-
This talk was given at a local TEDx event, produced independently of the TED Conferences.
Vincent Cochetel was held hostage for 317 days in 1998, while working for the UN High Commissioner on Refugees in Chechnya. For the first time, he recounts the experience — from what it was like to live in a dark, underground chamber, chained to his bed, to the unexpected conversations he had with his captors. With lyricism and power, he explains why he continues his work today. Since 2000, attacks on humanitarian aid workers have tripled — and he wonders what that rise may signal to the world. - Video Language:
- English
- Team:
- closed TED
- Project:
- TEDxTalks
- Duration:
- 20:45