Stunning buildings made from raw, imperfect materials
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0:01 - 0:04Architecture is a profession
with many rules, -
0:04 - 0:06some written, some not,
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0:06 - 0:09some relevant and others not.
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0:09 - 0:12As architects,
we're constantly gravitating -
0:12 - 0:16between following these rules by the book
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0:16 - 0:19or making a space for imagination --
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0:19 - 0:21for experimentation.
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0:21 - 0:22This is a difficult balance.
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0:22 - 0:24Especially through architecture,
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0:24 - 0:29you're trying to challenge preconceptions
and push boundaries and innovate, -
0:29 - 0:34even if just using what we have around
and we overlook all the time. -
0:34 - 0:36And this is what I've been doing
along with my team, -
0:36 - 0:37Ensamble Studio,
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0:37 - 0:40and from our very early works
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0:40 - 0:42that happened
in strict historic contexts, -
0:42 - 0:45like the city of Santiago de Compostela.
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0:45 - 0:50Here we built the General Society
of Authors and Editors, -
0:50 - 0:52a cultural building.
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0:52 - 0:53And on top of all the regulations,
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0:53 - 0:56we had to use stone by code
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0:56 - 0:59and our experience was limited,
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0:59 - 1:02but we had incredible
references to learn from, -
1:02 - 1:04some coming from the city itself
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1:04 - 1:07or from nearby landscapes
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1:07 - 1:09or other remote places
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1:09 - 1:11that had impacted
our education as architects, -
1:11 - 1:13and maybe you recognize here.
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1:14 - 1:19But somehow the finished products
that industry made available -
1:19 - 1:22for us as architects
to use in our buildings -
1:22 - 1:24seemed to have lost their soul.
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1:25 - 1:28And so we decided to go
to the nearby quarries -
1:28 - 1:32to better understand the process
that transforms a mountain -
1:32 - 1:36into a perfectly square tile
that you buy from a supplier. -
1:36 - 1:40And we were taken by the monumental
scale of the material -
1:40 - 1:42and the actions to extract it.
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1:43 - 1:44And looking carefully,
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1:44 - 1:47we noticed hundreds of irregular
blocks piling up everywhere. -
1:47 - 1:50They are the leftovers
of an extraction sequence: -
1:50 - 1:52the ugly parts that nobody wants.
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1:53 - 1:54But we wanted them.
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1:54 - 1:56We were inspired.
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1:56 - 1:58And it was a win-win situation
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1:58 - 2:02where we could get this residual
material of great quality, -
2:03 - 2:04doomed to be crushed,
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2:04 - 2:05at a very low cost.
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2:06 - 2:10Now, we had to convince our clients
that this was a good idea; -
2:10 - 2:14but foremost, we had to come up
with a design process -
2:14 - 2:16to reuse these randomly shaped rocks,
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2:16 - 2:18and we had not done this before.
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2:19 - 2:21Today everything would be much easier
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2:21 - 2:23because we would go to the quarry
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2:23 - 2:26with our smartphones
equipped with 3-D scanners -
2:26 - 2:28and we would document each rock,
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2:28 - 2:31turn that into a digital model --
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2:31 - 2:33highly engineer the whole process.
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2:33 - 2:35But more than a decade ago,
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2:35 - 2:37we had to embrace uncertainty
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2:37 - 2:40and put on our boots, roll up our sleeves
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2:40 - 2:43and move to the quarry
for a hands-on experience. -
2:44 - 2:47And we also had to become the contractors
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2:47 - 2:52because we failed at finding somebody
willing to share the risk with us. -
2:54 - 2:59Now, luckily, we convinced the quarry team
to help us build a few prototypes -
2:59 - 3:02to resolve some of the technical details.
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3:02 - 3:05And we agreed on a few mock-ups,
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3:05 - 3:06but we got excited,
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3:06 - 3:08and one stone led to another
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3:08 - 3:10until we succeeded to build
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3:10 - 3:14an 18-meter-long
by eight-meter-high structure -
3:16 - 3:19that recycled all the amorphous
material of the quarry, -
3:19 - 3:21just supported by gravity --
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3:21 - 3:23no mortar and no ties.
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3:24 - 3:26And once built and tested,
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3:26 - 3:30moving it to the final site
in the city center -
3:30 - 3:32to unite it with the rest of the building
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3:32 - 3:34was a piece of cake,
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3:34 - 3:37because by having isolated uncertainty
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3:37 - 3:41and managed risk in the controlled
environment of the quarry, -
3:41 - 3:43we were able to complete
the whole building in time -
3:43 - 3:44and on budget,
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3:44 - 3:48even if using nonconventional
means and methods. -
3:48 - 3:50And I still get goosebumps
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3:50 - 3:53when I see this big chunk
of the industrial landscape -
3:53 - 3:55in the city,
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3:55 - 3:56in a building,
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3:56 - 4:00experienced by the visitors
and the neighbors. -
4:01 - 4:04This building gave us
quite a few headaches, -
4:04 - 4:08and so it could have well been
an exception in our work, -
4:09 - 4:13but instead it started to inform
a modus operandi -
4:13 - 4:15where every project
becomes this opportunity -
4:15 - 4:20to test the limits of a discipline
we believe has to be urgently reimagined. -
4:21 - 4:23So what you see here are four homes
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4:23 - 4:26that we have designed,
built and inhabited. -
4:27 - 4:31Four manifestos where
we are using the small scale -
4:31 - 4:33to ask ourselves big questions.
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4:34 - 4:36And we are trying to discover
the architectures -
4:36 - 4:41that result from unconventional
applications of pretty mundane materials -
4:41 - 4:43and technologies,
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4:43 - 4:46like concrete in different forms
in the top row, -
4:46 - 4:49or steel and foam in the bottom row.
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4:49 - 4:51Take, for instance,
these precast concrete beams. -
4:51 - 4:53You have probably seen them
-
4:53 - 4:57building bridges, highways,
water channels -- -
4:57 - 5:00we found them on one of our visits
to a precast concrete factory. -
5:02 - 5:06And they might not seem
especially homey or beautiful, -
5:06 - 5:10but we decided to use them
to build our first house. -
5:10 - 5:12And this was an incredible moment
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5:12 - 5:15because we got to be architects as always,
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5:16 - 5:17builders once more
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5:17 - 5:20and, for the first time,
we could be our own clients. -
5:22 - 5:27So, here we are trying to figure out
how we can take these huge catalogue beams -
5:27 - 5:29of about 20 tons each
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5:29 - 5:34and stack them progressively
around a courtyard space ... -
5:34 - 5:36the heart of the house.
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5:37 - 5:41And due to the dimensions
and their material quality, -
5:41 - 5:46these big parts are the structure
that carry the loads to the ground, -
5:46 - 5:48but they are much more than that.
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5:48 - 5:50They are the swimming pool;
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5:50 - 5:53they are the walls that divide
interior from exterior; -
5:53 - 5:56they are the windows that frame the views;
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5:56 - 5:58they are the finishes;
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5:58 - 6:00they are the very spirit of this house.
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6:01 - 6:03A house that is for us a laboratory
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6:03 - 6:09where we are testing how we can use
standard elements in nonstandard ways. -
6:09 - 6:13And we are observing
that the results are intriguing. -
6:13 - 6:14And we are learning by doing
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6:14 - 6:18that prefabrication
can be much more than stacking boxes -
6:18 - 6:22or that heavy parts
can be airy and transparent. -
6:23 - 6:26And on top of designing
and building this house, -
6:26 - 6:27we get invaluable feedback,
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6:27 - 6:31sharing it with our family
and our friends -
6:31 - 6:32because this is our life
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6:33 - 6:34and our work in progress.
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6:36 - 6:40The lessons that we learn here
get translated into other projects -
6:41 - 6:42and other programs
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6:43 - 6:45and other scales as well,
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6:46 - 6:48and they inspire new work.
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6:48 - 6:51Here again we are looking
at very standard products: -
6:51 - 6:55galvanized steel studs
that can be easily cut and screwed, -
6:55 - 6:58insulating foams, cement boards --
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6:58 - 7:02all materials that you can find
hidden in partition walls -
7:02 - 7:04and that we are exposing;
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7:04 - 7:08and we are using them to build
a very lightweight construction system -
7:08 - 7:10that can be built almost by anyone.
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7:11 - 7:14And we are doing it ourselves
with our hands in our shop, -
7:14 - 7:17and we are architects.
We're not professional builders -
7:17 - 7:20but we want to make sure it's possible.
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7:20 - 7:23And it's so nice that Antón
can move it with his hands -
7:23 - 7:26and Javier can put it in a container,
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7:26 - 7:27and we can ship it
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7:27 - 7:31like you would ship your belongings
if you were moving abroad ... -
7:31 - 7:32which is what we did five years ago.
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7:32 - 7:34We moved our gravity center from Madrid
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7:34 - 7:37and the house of the concrete
beams to Brookline. -
7:38 - 7:43And we found the ugly duckling
of a very nice neighborhood: -
7:43 - 7:46a one-story garage
and the only thing we could afford. -
7:48 - 7:51But it was OK because we wanted
to transform it into a swan, -
7:51 - 7:56installing on top
our just-delivered kit of parts, -
7:56 - 8:00once more becoming the scientists
and the guinea pigs. -
8:02 - 8:05So this is a house
that uses some of the cheapest -
8:05 - 8:08and most normal materials
that you can find in the market -
8:08 - 8:11that applies the ubiquitous
four-by-eight modulation -
8:11 - 8:15that governs the construction industry.
-
8:15 - 8:18And yet a different
organization of the spaces -
8:18 - 8:20and a different assembly of the parts
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8:21 - 8:24is able to transform
an economically built home -
8:24 - 8:26into a luxurious space.
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8:28 - 8:33And now, we're dreaming and we're
actively working with developers, -
8:33 - 8:34with builders,
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8:34 - 8:36with communities
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8:36 - 8:39to try to make this a reality
for many more homes -
8:39 - 8:41and many more families.
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8:43 - 8:48And you see, the world around us
is an infinite source of inspiration -
8:48 - 8:52if we are curious enough
to see beneath the surface of things. -
8:52 - 8:55Now I'm going to take you
to the other side of the moon: -
8:55 - 8:57to the sublime landscape of Montana,
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8:58 - 9:01where a few years ago
we joined Cathy and Peter Halstead -
9:01 - 9:07to imagine Tippet Rise Art Center
on a 10,000-acre working ranch. -
9:08 - 9:10And when we first visited the site,
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9:10 - 9:14we realized that all we knew
about what an art center is -
9:14 - 9:17was absolutely pointless for that client,
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9:17 - 9:20for that community, for that landscape.
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9:21 - 9:25The kind of white-box museum type
had no fit here. -
9:25 - 9:31So we decided to explode the center
into a constellation of fragments, -
9:31 - 9:35of spaces spread
across the vast territory -
9:35 - 9:40that would immerse the visitors
into the wilderness of this amazing place. -
9:41 - 9:44So back in the office,
we are thinking through making, -
9:44 - 9:47using the land both as support
and as material, -
9:47 - 9:51learning from its geological processes
of sedimentation, erosion, -
9:51 - 9:53fragmentation, crystallization --
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9:53 - 9:55explosion --
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9:55 - 10:00to discover architectures
that are born from the land, -
10:00 - 10:03that are visceral extensions
of the landscape, -
10:04 - 10:07like this bridge
that crosses Murphy Canyon. -
10:08 - 10:10Or this fountain.
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10:11 - 10:13Like this space topping a hill ...
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10:15 - 10:19or this theatre that brings to us
the space of the mountains -
10:19 - 10:21and its sound.
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10:22 - 10:23And in order to realize this idea,
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10:24 - 10:26construction cannot be perfectly planned.
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10:26 - 10:30We need to embrace the drastic weather
and the local craft. -
10:30 - 10:34We need to control
just those aspects that are critical, -
10:34 - 10:36like the structural, the thermal,
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10:36 - 10:39the acoustical properties
embedded in the form. -
10:39 - 10:43But otherwise, improvisation
is welcome and is provoked. -
10:43 - 10:46And the moment of construction
is still a moment of design -
10:46 - 10:47and a moment of celebration
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10:47 - 10:53where different hands, hearts, minds
come together to perform a final dance. -
10:54 - 10:57And the result then cannot be anticipated.
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10:58 - 11:00It comes as a surprise.
-
11:01 - 11:06And we unwrap architecture
like you would unwrap a birthday gift. -
11:07 - 11:09Architecture isn't uncovered:
-
11:09 - 11:10it's discovered.
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11:11 - 11:16It's extracted from the guts
of the earth to build a shelter, -
11:16 - 11:18one of the most basic human needs.
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11:20 - 11:23Architecture, art, landscape,
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11:23 - 11:26archaeology, geology -- all made one.
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11:28 - 11:32And by using the resources
at our disposal in radical ways, -
11:32 - 11:34by making a space for experimentation,
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11:35 - 11:40we are able to bring to light
architectures that find the beauty latent -
11:40 - 11:43in the raw and imperfect
things that surround us, -
11:44 - 11:46that elevate them
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11:46 - 11:49and let them speak their own language.
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11:51 - 11:52Thank you.
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11:52 - 11:55(Applause)
- Title:
- Stunning buildings made from raw, imperfect materials
- Speaker:
- Débora Mesa Molina
- Description:
-
What would it take to reimagine the limits of architecture? Débora Mesa Molina offers some answers in this breathtaking, visual tour of her work, showing how structures can be made with overlooked materials and unconventional methods -- or even extracted from the guts of the earth. "The world around us is an infinite source of inspiration if we are curious enough to see beneath the surface of things," she says.
- Video Language:
- English
- Team:
- closed TED
- Project:
- TEDTalks
- Duration:
- 12:08
Oliver Friedman edited English subtitles for Stunning buildings made from raw, imperfect materials | ||
Oliver Friedman edited English subtitles for Stunning buildings made from raw, imperfect materials | ||
Oliver Friedman approved English subtitles for Stunning buildings made from raw, imperfect materials | ||
Oliver Friedman edited English subtitles for Stunning buildings made from raw, imperfect materials | ||
Joanna Pietrulewicz accepted English subtitles for Stunning buildings made from raw, imperfect materials | ||
Joanna Pietrulewicz edited English subtitles for Stunning buildings made from raw, imperfect materials | ||
Joanna Pietrulewicz edited English subtitles for Stunning buildings made from raw, imperfect materials | ||
Leslie Gauthier edited English subtitles for Stunning buildings made from raw, imperfect materials |