TED Global 2013 Found in Translation Teddy Cruz
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0:09 - 0:11- Good afternoon, everyone.
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0:11 - 0:15Welcome to the Open Translation
Lounge at TED Global 2013. -
0:15 - 0:17Today, we're happy to welcome Teddy Cruz
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0:17 - 0:19who just left the TED stage moments ago,
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0:19 - 0:22talking about a pretty bold way
of designing, planning -
0:22 - 0:25and building cities in the future,
which we're going to talk about today. -
0:25 - 0:31Here in the Lounge today,
we have Bryant from China, -
0:31 - 0:34Irteza from Pakistan,
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0:34 - 0:36Jan from Czechoslovakia,
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0:36 - 0:38and Unnawut from Thailand.
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0:38 - 0:41And, on Skype, welcome to all of you.
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0:41 - 0:43Teddy, thanks again for joining us.
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0:43 - 0:46It's funny,
when people talk about planning cities, -
0:46 - 0:50they always think of looking at these big,
giant ones, Shanghai, Dubai, -
0:50 - 0:54why don't you judge those cities
as an inspiration? -
0:54 - 0:58- Oh, gosh. You begin right away.
-
0:58 - 1:05Again, as I mentioned in the talk,
after the last year's of investment -
1:05 - 1:09in those environments,
as the architecture, planning -
1:09 - 1:14and urban intelligentsia from all over
the world fled en masse -
1:14 - 1:19to those environments, and that explosion
of urbanisation from Dubai to Shanghai, -
1:19 - 1:22to many of these enclaves
of economic power, I don't think, -
1:22 - 1:24and maybe you guys can tell me,
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1:24 - 1:27but I just don't see one single idea
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1:27 - 1:30that emerged from those transformations.
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1:30 - 1:35In reality, the best ideas
about urbanisation in the context -
1:35 - 1:38of generating other modalities
of planning, -
1:38 - 1:40of rethinking infrastructure,
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1:40 - 1:42of affordable housing,
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1:42 - 1:47of mobilising other processes
of public participation, -
1:47 - 1:50and so on, were happening
in Latin America, but nobody was noticing. -
1:50 - 1:55So, the provocation I have is that
not one single idea was advanced -
1:55 - 1:56in Dubai or Shanghai.
-
1:56 - 2:01In fact, they were just imitating
and reproducing the worst recipes -
2:01 - 2:03of urban planning that were generated
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2:03 - 2:05in the United States in the last decades.
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2:05 - 2:07- I wonder what your strategy would be if,
-
2:07 - 2:10let's say, we were
to transplant you and say, -
2:10 - 2:14can we take some of these strategies
and do them in these different countries? -
2:14 - 2:19When you have this kind of authoritarian
capitalism, how could you deal with it? -
2:19 - 2:22- I've worked, in fact,
in South Korea as an artist -
2:22 - 2:25intervening in projects
that have to do with public space -
2:25 - 2:27and the politics of housing.
-
2:27 - 2:30And I investigated many
of those neighbourhoods -
2:30 - 2:32that were slated for demolition.
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2:32 - 2:38And it was amazing to investigate
the amount of informal economies -
2:38 - 2:42of social organisational practices
embedded in those neighbourhoods. -
2:42 - 2:46There was a man who built
a snail farm on four rooftops -
2:46 - 2:50of his block, and, in doing so,
he also produced -
2:50 - 2:53a co-operative model to sustain
the economy -
2:54 - 2:55of that immediate environment.
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2:57 - 2:58It's hard to imagine
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2:58 - 3:03that those entrepreneurial
social economic energies -
3:03 - 3:04are completely eroded.
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3:04 - 3:07Fine, we know the city needs to transform.
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3:07 - 3:10I'm not talking about preserving
those neighbourhoods intact. -
3:10 - 3:14But before we destroy them,
let's understand what they've produced. -
3:14 - 3:15Right.
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3:15 - 3:18T. Cruz: And what I've been investigating
in my own section of the world, -
3:18 - 3:20on the border between Mexico
and the United States, -
3:20 - 3:23is that density needs to be reimagined
-
3:23 - 3:26as an amount of socio-economic
exchanges per area, -
3:26 - 3:29and that's what defines
many of those neighbourhoods. -
3:29 - 3:34But if a developer looks at it,
they can't monetise that. -
3:34 - 3:40So, how do you sell that
to the power brokers -
3:40 - 3:44or the stakeholders in the community,
who are actually driving everything? -
3:44 - 3:48How do you come in as a designer
and say, it's really complicated. -
3:48 - 3:51As we all know the world
of architects and designers -
3:51 - 3:53has been eroded to some degree,
-
3:53 - 3:56but when you're dealing
with a massive problem, -
3:56 - 3:58I wonder what your strategy
is for tackling it? -
3:58 - 3:59- That's a fantastic question.
-
3:59 - 4:05I think that's where we begin to find
and expand the role of architects -
4:05 - 4:10and planners that can begin
to act as facilitators or mediators -
4:10 - 4:13of the bottom-up knowledge,
-
4:13 - 4:15and the logics,
economically and politically, -
4:15 - 4:18of top-down organisation.
-
4:18 - 4:22Because even the activists working
in those neighbourhoods -
4:22 - 4:25were not aware of that knowledge.
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4:25 - 4:27They are resisting the developers.
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4:27 - 4:30But they're not representing
the knowledge of the community. -
4:30 - 4:32- So they're not giving them a solution?
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4:32 - 4:33- Exactly.
-
4:33 - 4:37And I think that's a gap
that needs to be filled. -
4:37 - 4:41It's a difficult issue
because it all has to do with, -
4:41 - 4:43in the end, the amount of profit.
-
4:43 - 4:50I think that enabling
housing projects, or processes, -
4:50 - 4:54that enable a community to profit
from its own infrastructure -
4:54 - 4:56and its own housing
is what we need to talk about. -
4:56 - 5:00But, yes, in this polarisation
between the bottom-up and the top-down, -
5:00 - 5:03there is much to be said
and to be done, really, -
5:03 - 5:06in producing new models
of political representation, -
5:06 - 5:09but also community participation.
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5:09 - 5:10And this is what is absent.
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5:10 - 5:16- So it's the designer as facilitator,
translator, and mediator? -
5:16 - 5:17T. Cruz: Exactly.
-
5:17 - 5:20That is one point that I wish
I would have said in the 13 minutes, -
5:20 - 5:22but it's difficult to.
-
5:22 - 5:24- I'd like to bring in some people
from some large cities. -
5:24 - 5:26I'd like to bring in some commentary.
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5:26 - 5:29Nati, from Sao Paulo,
do you have a question for Teddy? -
5:29 - 5:33So, based on what we are discussing
here, I'd like to ask you, -
5:33 - 5:37how could developers
reinvent their business? -
5:37 - 5:38Are there new ways for them
-
5:38 - 5:45to follow in which they do not provide
a kind of valorisation of improvements? -
5:45 - 5:49Is there a way that developers
can change their business -
5:49 - 5:51and bring a good legacy to cities?
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5:52 - 5:57- The answer, in a sense,
is that we can't wait for the developers. -
5:57 - 5:59They are not our clients.
-
5:59 - 6:03I think we need to begin by ourselves
gaining the knowledge -
6:03 - 6:07of the developer so that we,
as designers, as architects, -
6:07 - 6:12urban planners, become the developers
of new housing models, -
6:12 - 6:16because the knowledge
is out there to be mobilised. -
6:17 - 6:22The kind of intelligence the developer
has in manipulating resources -
6:22 - 6:26and time is all embedded
in the spreadsheet. -
6:26 - 6:28And that knowledge has been away from us.
-
6:28 - 6:32So, on the one hand,
our clients should be ourselves, -
6:32 - 6:36Second, or primarily, in fact,
the communities. -
6:36 - 6:42The idea that informal settlements
or neighbourhoods -
6:42 - 6:46facilitated by existing
community-based practices, -
6:46 - 6:50whether NGOs or other modes
of representation, -
6:50 - 6:53can, in fact, also become
developers of their own housing. -
6:53 - 6:59I would argue the examples need to be
driven by us and not by the developers. -
6:59 - 7:01And only then can they get a sense.
-
7:01 - 7:06But part of the issue of the urban crisis
today is that the resources -
7:06 - 7:08of the many
have been moved to the very few. -
7:08 - 7:13I think it's very difficult to convince
the developer to have less profit. -
7:13 - 7:17So, that's the reason I think
the early stages of transformation -
7:17 - 7:20will have to happen
with very small scale examples -
7:20 - 7:24and models that can emerge
from these communities. -
7:24 - 7:27But I would argue the importance
of architects becoming -
7:27 - 7:31developers of affordable
social housing in our time. -
7:32 - 7:34- We're going to take another
question from Skype. Matti? -
7:35 - 7:41- My question is, if we are to realise
this new way of citizenship, -
7:41 - 7:44where people create
rather than just consume, -
7:44 - 7:48how do we change
people's way of looking at citizenship -
7:48 - 7:50as something else than just consumerism?
-
7:51 - 7:54- You're getting
to the core of the challenge. -
7:54 - 7:56And that's the reason Latin America,
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7:56 - 8:01as one of the speakers today suggested,
much more needs to be said about it. -
8:01 - 8:03What produced the transformation?
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8:03 - 8:07The urban transformation of places
like Medellín in Colombia -
8:08 - 8:11that was considered
the most dangerous city in the world -
8:11 - 8:13in the late '80s and early '90s
-
8:13 - 8:17to becoming now an exemplary model
of urban transformation. -
8:18 - 8:22Again, it was not about buildings,
architecture or planning. -
8:22 - 8:26It was about a political
transformation of institutions, -
8:26 - 8:30seeking a new type of interface
with the public. -
8:30 - 8:36And that being said, which is
another aspect that many designers, -
8:36 - 8:38architects and planners need to engage,
-
8:38 - 8:41how to produce a new civic education,
-
8:41 - 8:46engaging what the Colombians
call a civic culture, -
8:46 - 8:50an urban pedagogy
that begins to raise awareness -
8:50 - 8:55of the relationship of social norms
and the construction of the city. -
8:55 - 8:59I think to re-engage a political will
that invests the minds and hearts -
8:59 - 9:04of people in constructing
their own city requires, once more, -
9:04 - 9:08mediation and investment
in education, particularly. -
9:08 - 9:10A huge amount of work.
-
9:10 - 9:14But some masochists, like you and I,
we can engage, hopefully, -
9:14 - 9:21in producing new models of interface
to produce an urban educational process. -
9:21 - 9:24I'm saying that because
that's one of the closest projects -
9:24 - 9:26that I want to follow in the next years.
-
9:26 - 9:31- I want to give the panel
an opportunity to ask a question. -
9:33 - 9:35- I come from Bangkok.
-
9:35 - 9:39A lot of what you said seems like
we need to change a lot of things, right? -
9:39 - 9:42But for those
that are already established, -
9:42 - 9:44especially in the city centre,
-
9:44 - 9:46where you already have
all the spaces occupied, -
9:46 - 9:50how do you think that area
of the city could be changed, or not? -
9:50 - 9:51- Yes.
-
9:51 - 9:55I think that this is what brings up
an issue that was difficult also -
9:55 - 9:57to elaborate on in the 13 minutes.
-
9:57 - 10:00It's the role of programming.
-
10:00 - 10:04While certain buildings
remain static, fixed, -
10:04 - 10:09that the orientation should be
to rethink the retrofitting, -
10:09 - 10:13not necessarily through
physical strategies, -
10:13 - 10:17but through intelligent
programmatic hybrids, -
10:17 - 10:20or conditions that could anticipate
-
10:21 - 10:25the intensification of economic
and social activity. -
10:25 - 10:28So, we could be designers not only
of space but of protocols, -
10:29 - 10:31that's what I was saying earlier.
-
10:31 - 10:33- You need to own your own cities?
-
10:33 - 10:36- A sense of ownership
of your own city is essential. -
10:36 - 10:38And that's the reason, I think,
-
10:38 - 10:43public participation in reforming
governments is necessary. -
10:43 - 10:46- I feel like you need to come up
with an urban handbook -
10:46 - 10:49for guerilla warfare,
in terms of the design space. -
10:49 - 10:52To give concrete examples.
-
10:52 - 10:55How can we deal with these conditions
on a lot of different levels -
10:55 - 10:57is a huge problem.
-
10:57 - 10:59At the end of the day,
that's what I'm saying. -
10:59 - 11:02We think because we are educated
in architectural schools, -
11:02 - 11:06that what we need to do as architects
is just to design objects. -
11:06 - 11:08We could be designing many other things,
-
11:08 - 11:13and I think the designing of social
relations or even, at times, -
11:14 - 11:16political processes
can be an interesting topic -
11:16 - 11:19that has been absent
from our debate, I think. -
11:19 - 11:23- One more question
from our viewers on Skype. -
11:23 - 11:25Sergio, would you like to ask a question?
-
11:25 - 11:26- Yeah.
-
11:26 - 11:30One of the things that struck me
the most in your talk was -
11:30 - 11:34when you spoke about the people
who were building the skate park. -
11:36 - 11:41And it was interesting to me
for two reasons. -
11:41 - 11:44First because it shows that there
are people who want to be -
11:44 - 11:47active in their citizenship.
-
11:47 - 11:54And the fact that they were told,
or they were required, to build an NGO. -
11:54 - 11:58But I see this as something that began
as something much more unplanned, -
11:58 - 12:01something that could
grow more organically. -
12:01 - 12:04And then it went to an NGO.
-
12:05 - 12:10It required it to be more planned,
more managed, as you say. -
12:11 - 12:14So, are we seeing two different models?
-
12:14 - 12:20Would you prefer to have some growth
that is more unplanned, -
12:20 - 12:24more organic, more typically reactive,
if it's not as planned? -
12:24 - 12:30- I get it. In fact, it's one of the most
provocative questions. -
12:30 - 12:35Yes, while we want to protect
and uphold the magic of the unplanned, -
12:35 - 12:40part of the problem in terms
of these communities being suppressed - -
12:40 - 12:42they're not able to advance
socio-economically - -
12:42 - 12:44is that they lack representation.
-
12:45 - 12:49Not that they "lack", they contain it,
-
12:49 - 12:53but sometimes the instruments
to formulate new forms of organisation -
12:54 - 12:58and management that can push
against the top-down institution. -
12:58 - 13:04So I think I do believe that in order
to really get to the next step, -
13:04 - 13:10the next layer, we need to construct
other forms of governance. -
13:10 - 13:15That's not to say that skateboarders
have to become rigid and planned. -
13:15 - 13:18No, they continue to organise themselves
-
13:18 - 13:22by enabling forms of access
into the magic of insurgence. -
13:22 - 13:24But they now have resources.
-
13:24 - 13:28They now have a space
which is physical and they call the shots. -
13:28 - 13:33In fact, they are inspiring other
environments to do the same. -
13:33 - 13:36I wouldn't be afraid of that
translation from the unplanned -
13:36 - 13:40into particular calibration
of the planned, -
13:40 - 13:41but without selling out.
-
13:41 - 13:44It is that middle, grey zone
that needs to be activated -
13:44 - 13:47because we've been polarising
ourselves based on this way -
13:47 - 13:53of looking in such a patronising way
at the informal and the unplanned. -
13:53 - 13:56I think there is much
to be constructed there, -
13:56 - 13:59in terms of new politics
of urban development. -
13:59 - 14:01- We're going to have to end there.
-
14:01 - 14:03We need to get people
back into the session. -
14:03 - 14:05Teddy, thank you
so much for joining us today. -
14:05 - 14:07- Thank you, and thank
you for your questions. -
14:07 - 14:10Some of you, if we can keep in touch,
and invite me to Portugal-- -
14:10 - 14:14- Come any time.
- Thank you. -
14:14 - 14:16- Thank you, everybody.
We're back tomorrow. -
14:16 - 14:18Thank you so much.
-
14:19 - 14:20(Applause)
- Title:
- TED Global 2013 Found in Translation Teddy Cruz
- Description:
-
In the TED Found in Translation Session following his talk, Teddy explores possible solutions to the pressing issues surrounding urban development with a global panel of TED Translators and experts.
- Video Language:
- English
- Team:
- closed TED
- Project:
- TED Translator Resources
- Duration:
- 14:35
Ivana Korom edited English subtitles for TED Global 2013 Found in Translation Teddy Cruz | ||
Krystian Aparta edited English subtitles for TED Global 2013 Found in Translation Teddy Cruz | ||
Krystian Aparta edited English subtitles for TED Global 2013 Found in Translation Teddy Cruz | ||
Krystian Aparta edited English subtitles for TED Global 2013 Found in Translation Teddy Cruz | ||
Ivana Korom edited English subtitles for TED Global 2013 Found in Translation Teddy Cruz |