This is your brain on air pollution
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0:01 - 0:04There is something we desperately need
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0:04 - 0:07that we cannot stop doing:
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0:07 - 0:08it is breathing.
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0:09 - 0:10Do you want to try?
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0:10 - 0:13Why don't we stop breathing together
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0:13 - 0:16for, let's say, even 10 seconds.
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0:16 - 0:17Is that OK?
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0:17 - 0:19Let's do it.
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0:19 - 0:21Get ready ... OK, now!
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0:39 - 0:42Oof, difficult, isn't it?
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0:42 - 0:46Well, this is an incredible number
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0:46 - 0:49that will again take your breath away:
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0:49 - 0:51seven.
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0:51 - 0:52Seven what?
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0:52 - 0:56Seven million premature deaths a year
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0:56 - 1:01caused by exposure to the bad quality
of the air we breathe. -
1:02 - 1:07Imagine -- it's like more than
the entire population of my dear Madrid -
1:07 - 1:10will be wiped out in one year.
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1:10 - 1:12And you may ask:
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1:12 - 1:14Has this information been disclosed?
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1:14 - 1:18Has this information
been publicized, distributed? -
1:18 - 1:19Well, yes.
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1:19 - 1:25We have at the moment
more than 70,000 scientific papers -
1:25 - 1:30examining the relationship
between air pollution and our health, -
1:31 - 1:34and the global media has been
regularly covering this issue. -
1:35 - 1:38In fact, in a relatively
short period of time, -
1:39 - 1:40we have come to know
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1:40 - 1:44that air pollution is having
a negative impact -
1:44 - 1:49on almost all our major organs.
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1:49 - 1:51Let's start by the lungs.
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1:51 - 1:55When we think about air pollution,
we always think about the lungs. -
1:55 - 1:59In fact, every time we take a breath,
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1:59 - 2:02we are inhaling toxic pollutants,
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2:02 - 2:07and our poor pink and lovely lungs
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2:07 - 2:09are suffering all of that.
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2:10 - 2:12Over the last 10 years,
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2:12 - 2:17we have put together a lot of knowledge
about what's happened to that, -
2:17 - 2:20but let me tell you first
what is air pollution. -
2:21 - 2:25OK, air pollution
is a very complex mixture -
2:25 - 2:29of solid particles,
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2:29 - 2:31liquid droplets
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2:31 - 2:33and gaseous chemicals.
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2:33 - 2:35Imagine all of this mixture
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2:35 - 2:40that might come from sources
like household fuel burning -
2:40 - 2:43or industry or traffic
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2:43 - 2:47or many other indoor and outdoor sources.
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2:47 - 2:51And, of course, different
sources of pollution -
2:51 - 2:55will make different
mixtures of pollutants. -
2:56 - 2:59The point is that all of these toxins,
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2:59 - 3:01they can be combined in different ways.
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3:01 - 3:06Let's take, for instance,
the particulate matter, the PM. -
3:06 - 3:09It can be a mixture that will include --
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3:09 - 3:10look at the cocktail here --
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3:10 - 3:13soil and road dust,
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3:13 - 3:15sea salt,
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3:15 - 3:17toxic metals,
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3:17 - 3:19diesel smog,
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3:19 - 3:21nitrates and sulfates,
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3:21 - 3:26and all of this toxic poison,
this delicious cocktail, -
3:26 - 3:29is going through our lungs every day,
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3:29 - 3:32and we are constantly exposed
to this air pollution -
3:32 - 3:34because we cannot stop breathing.
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3:34 - 3:38I mean, we can do it for 10 seconds,
but no more than that. -
3:38 - 3:40We cannot stop breathing
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3:40 - 3:41and, in addition,
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3:41 - 3:48we need, every day,
around 10,000 liters of air. -
3:49 - 3:52So we said that we have
seven million deaths -
3:52 - 3:54caused by air pollution every year.
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3:54 - 3:57Are we panicking?
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3:57 - 3:59Are we keeping calm?
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3:59 - 4:04Are we declaring a national disaster,
a global emergency? -
4:04 - 4:09Well, no, and in fact I'm asking myself
this question every day: -
4:09 - 4:11What is happening?
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4:11 - 4:17But here is something that maybe
will force us to react more quickly. -
4:18 - 4:21Air pollution is not just
affecting our lungs. -
4:21 - 4:24It's affecting our brain as well.
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4:24 - 4:25This is our brain.
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4:26 - 4:27Beautiful.
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4:27 - 4:29We all have it.
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4:29 - 4:30We all need it.
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4:31 - 4:34Hopefully, we all use it --
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4:34 - 4:35(Laughter)
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4:35 - 4:36some more than others.
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4:37 - 4:40And in the last 10 years of history,
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4:40 - 4:44the research about the relationship
between air pollution -
4:44 - 4:45and our brain's health
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4:45 - 4:48has been increased dramatically,
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4:48 - 4:52so maybe now our brain
is going up in smoke. -
4:53 - 4:55But let me tell you the evidence,
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4:55 - 4:59what we know so far
about air pollution in our brain. -
4:59 - 5:03First, there is an emerging
body of evidence -
5:03 - 5:06regarding the potential harmful effects
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5:06 - 5:08of air pollutants
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5:08 - 5:11into our central nervous system.
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5:11 - 5:13But let's go back to the toxic particles.
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5:13 - 5:14Remember?
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5:14 - 5:16We left them at the lungs,
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5:16 - 5:17enjoying life,
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5:17 - 5:19polluting everything.
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5:19 - 5:21But now the smallest of them,
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5:21 - 5:24they can cross into the bloodstream,
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5:24 - 5:27and from the bloodstream,
pumped by the heart, -
5:27 - 5:29they can reach the whole body,
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5:30 - 5:32threatening every organ,
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5:32 - 5:34including the brain.
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5:35 - 5:38We used to say that
air pollution has no borders, -
5:38 - 5:41and it's true as well within our bodies,
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5:41 - 5:45because air pollutants will cross
the placental barrier -
5:45 - 5:52and reach the fetus and alter
the cerebral cortex of our children -
5:52 - 5:56even before they take their first breath.
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5:57 - 6:01Second, several studies have suggested
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6:01 - 6:08that both prenatal and early childhood
long-term exposure to air pollution -
6:09 - 6:15will have a negative influence
on neural development, -
6:15 - 6:19will have lower cognitive test outcomes,
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6:19 - 6:22and there will be an influence as well,
a negative influence, -
6:22 - 6:27on some behavioral disorders like autism
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6:27 - 6:32and attention deficit
hyperactivity disorder. -
6:33 - 6:35In addition to that, some evidence found
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6:35 - 6:40that exposing our children's
and young adults' brains -
6:40 - 6:43for a long time to particulate matter
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6:43 - 6:48will cause some reactions
like brain inflammation, -
6:48 - 6:51altering the neural response
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6:51 - 6:58and [also] leading to the influence
of more protein plaques -
6:58 - 7:00that are accumulating,
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7:00 - 7:03and those can increase
the risks for diseases -
7:03 - 7:06like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.
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7:06 - 7:08Ironic, isn't it:
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7:08 - 7:12we are investing in our children's future,
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7:13 - 7:17we are sending them to school
every day to expand their minds, -
7:17 - 7:20the society is investing
in their education, -
7:20 - 7:25and yet the air they breathe
while waiting for the school bus -
7:25 - 7:30is influencing negatively
the development of their brain. -
7:31 - 7:35Let's go to the third: What about adults?
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7:35 - 7:38According to recent scientific evidence,
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7:39 - 7:46long-term exposure to particulate matter
will cause a cognitive decline -
7:46 - 7:50in study participants as they age.
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7:50 - 7:51And not only that,
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7:51 - 7:56if you expose them to long-term,
very fine particulate matter, -
7:56 - 8:00their brain will age more rapidly,
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8:00 - 8:03and they will have higher odds
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8:03 - 8:07of having small, silent strokes.
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8:08 - 8:11The last one -- and I will not
give you more evidence, -
8:11 - 8:13because there is a ton of [it] --
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8:13 - 8:16some epidemiological studies
in animal models -
8:16 - 8:21have suggested that there might be
an increased risk of dementia -
8:21 - 8:24with sustained exposure to air pollutants.
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8:26 - 8:30So, almost everybody
is exposed to air pollution. -
8:31 - 8:35Whether you live in a rural area
or an urban area, -
8:35 - 8:39whether you live in a high-income country
or a low-income country, -
8:39 - 8:43everybody's brains, including yours,
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8:43 - 8:44are at risk.
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8:45 - 8:46As a medical doctor,
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8:46 - 8:51I have been dedicating
the last more than 20 years now -
8:51 - 8:53of my professional life
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8:53 - 8:57to raise awareness about
public health issues, -
8:57 - 8:59public health risks,
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8:59 - 9:00at the World Health Organization,
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9:01 - 9:05and I know that the knowledge is there
and the solutions as well. -
9:05 - 9:09Sure, some places
are more polluted than others, -
9:09 - 9:12but this a global issue,
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9:12 - 9:19and no individual, no city,
no group, no country, no region -
9:19 - 9:22will be able to solve it alone.
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9:23 - 9:27We need very strong commitments
and very strong action by everyone: -
9:27 - 9:29civil society,
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9:29 - 9:31private sector,
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9:31 - 9:32even individuals.
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9:32 - 9:34We all have a role to play.
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9:34 - 9:38Yes, we need to influence
the way we consume, -
9:38 - 9:40the way we commute,
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9:40 - 9:43the way we use our energy.
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9:43 - 9:48And the good thing is that
all of those solutions are available. -
9:48 - 9:52The question is, if we postpone
action by one day, -
9:52 - 9:55there might be thousands
of lives that we will lose, -
9:55 - 9:58but if we postpone it by one year,
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9:58 - 10:02we might be losing again seven million.
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10:03 - 10:07So every policy maker, every politician,
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10:07 - 10:12needs to be aware of
the consequences on human health -
10:12 - 10:14of postponing their decisions.
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10:14 - 10:16In fact,
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10:16 - 10:18this is not the first time in history
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10:18 - 10:23that we are confronted
with the risks of this invisible killer. -
10:23 - 10:27This was London in 1952,
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10:27 - 10:32and as was done in London
in the '50s and the '60s, -
10:33 - 10:36governments and cities,
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10:36 - 10:42they need to take urgent action to stop
the terrible impact of air pollution. -
10:43 - 10:49Every politician must know that delaying
what they call the tough actions, -
10:49 - 10:56like reducing traffic in cities
or investing in public transport -
10:56 - 11:01and engaging in promoting
cycling in cities, -
11:01 - 11:03investing in renewable energy,
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11:03 - 11:09promoting cleaner energy
for cooking, cooling -
11:09 - 11:12and transportation and heating
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11:12 - 11:15are solutions that are very smart,
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11:15 - 11:19because, in fact, they reduce emissions,
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11:19 - 11:23they improve air quality
in line with WHO standards, -
11:23 - 11:27which are the standards
that will protect ourselves. -
11:28 - 11:35So in fact, all politicians that we need
these very strong political commitments -
11:35 - 11:37and political will from,
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11:37 - 11:38but [we need] all of them now.
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11:38 - 11:43Those who fail, who postpone action,
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11:44 - 11:49they have been requested even
to defend their position in court. -
11:49 - 11:51And from now on,
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11:51 - 11:56no politician will be able
to say, "I didn't know." -
11:56 - 11:57So the question here is:
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11:58 - 11:59How many lives,
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12:00 - 12:02loss of quality of life
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12:02 - 12:05and losing our brain power
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12:05 - 12:07are we ready to accept?
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12:08 - 12:10If the answer is "none,"
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12:10 - 12:12I will request that you,
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12:12 - 12:17while our brains are still functioning,
while we are still intelligent, -
12:17 - 12:22please exercise your right,
put pressure on your politicians -
12:22 - 12:26and make sure that they take action
to stop the sources of air pollution. -
12:26 - 12:29This is the first thing we need to do
to protect yourself -
12:29 - 12:32and to protect our beautiful brain.
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12:32 - 12:33Thank you very much.
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12:34 - 12:38(Applause)
- Title:
- This is your brain on air pollution
- Speaker:
- María Neira
- Description:
-
Air pollution knows no borders -- even in your own body, says public health expert María Neira. In this startling talk, she describes how the microscopic particles and chemicals you breathe affect all your major organs (including your brain) and calls on both the public and those in power to take action to stop the sources of pollution.
- Video Language:
- English
- Team:
- closed TED
- Project:
- TEDTalks
- Duration:
- 12:52
Erin Gregory edited English subtitles for This is your brain on air pollution | ||
Erin Gregory approved English subtitles for This is your brain on air pollution | ||
Erin Gregory edited English subtitles for This is your brain on air pollution | ||
Camille Martínez accepted English subtitles for This is your brain on air pollution | ||
Camille Martínez edited English subtitles for This is your brain on air pollution | ||
Camille Martínez edited English subtitles for This is your brain on air pollution | ||
Joseph Geni edited English subtitles for This is your brain on air pollution |