How technology allowed me to read
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0:01 - 0:05When I was about three or four years old,
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0:05 - 0:09I remember my mum reading a story to me
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0:09 - 0:12and my two big brothers,
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0:12 - 0:14and I remember putting up my hands
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0:14 - 0:16to feel the page of the book,
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0:16 - 0:19to feel the picture they were discussing.
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0:19 - 0:22And my mum said, "Darling,
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0:22 - 0:24remember that you can't see
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0:24 - 0:28and you can't feel the picture
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0:28 - 0:30and you can't feel the print on the page."
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0:30 - 0:32And I thought to myself,
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0:32 - 0:34"But that's what I want to do.
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0:34 - 0:38I love stories. I want to read."
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0:38 - 0:41Little did I know
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0:41 - 0:43that I would be part of a technological revolution
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0:43 - 0:47that would make that dream come true.
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0:47 - 0:50I was born premature by about 10 weeks,
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0:50 - 0:55which resulted in my blindness, some 64 years ago.
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0:55 - 0:58The condition is known as retrolental fibroplasia,
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0:58 - 1:02and it's now very rare in the developed world.
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1:02 - 1:04Little did I know, lying curled up
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1:04 - 1:09in my prim baby humidicrib in 1948
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1:09 - 1:12that I'd been born at the right place
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1:12 - 1:15and the right time,
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1:15 - 1:19that I was in a country where I could participate
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1:19 - 1:22in the technological revolution.
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1:22 - 1:27There are 37 million totally blind people on our planet,
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1:27 - 1:30but those of us who've shared in the technological changes
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1:30 - 1:33mainly come from North America, Europe,
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1:33 - 1:38Japan and other developed parts of the world.
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1:38 - 1:41Computers have changed the lives of us all in this room
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1:41 - 1:42and around the world,
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1:42 - 1:43but I think they've changed the lives
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1:43 - 1:47of we blind people more than any other group.
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1:47 - 1:50And so I want to tell you about the interaction
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1:50 - 1:53between computer-based adaptive technology
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1:53 - 1:58and the many volunteers who helped me over the years
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1:58 - 2:01to become the person I am today.
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2:01 - 2:04It's an interaction between volunteers,
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2:04 - 2:07passionate inventors and technology,
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2:07 - 2:10and it's a story that many other blind people could tell.
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2:10 - 2:14But let me tell you a bit about it today.
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2:14 - 2:18When I was five, I went to school and I learned braille.
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2:18 - 2:21It's an ingenious system of six dots
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2:21 - 2:22that are punched into paper,
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2:22 - 2:26and I can feel them with my fingers.
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2:26 - 2:29In fact, I think they're putting up my grade six report.
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2:29 - 2:32I don't know where Julian Morrow got that from.
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2:32 - 2:33(Laughter)
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2:33 - 2:35I was pretty good in reading,
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2:35 - 2:40but religion and musical appreciation needed more work.
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2:40 - 2:41(Laughter)
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2:41 - 2:43When you leave the opera house,
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2:43 - 2:47you'll find there's braille signage in the lifts.
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2:47 - 2:51Look for it. Have you noticed it?
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2:51 - 2:53I do. I look for it all the time.
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2:53 - 2:55(Laughter)
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2:55 - 2:58When I was at school,
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2:58 - 3:01the books were transcribed by transcribers,
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3:01 - 3:04voluntary people who punched one dot at a time
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3:04 - 3:06so I'd have volumes to read,
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3:06 - 3:08and that had been going on, mainly by women,
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3:08 - 3:11since the late 19th century in this country,
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3:11 - 3:13but it was the only way I could read.
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3:13 - 3:16When I was in high school,
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3:16 - 3:19I got my first Philips reel-to-reel tape recorder,
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3:19 - 3:23and tape recorders became my sort of pre-computer
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3:23 - 3:25medium of learning.
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3:25 - 3:28I could have family and friends read me material,
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3:28 - 3:30and I could then read it back
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3:30 - 3:33as many times as I needed.
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3:33 - 3:35And it brought me into contact
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3:35 - 3:37with volunteers and helpers.
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3:37 - 3:41For example, when I studied at graduate school
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3:41 - 3:43at Queen's University in Canada,
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3:43 - 3:47the prisoners at the Collins Bay jail agreed to help me.
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3:47 - 3:50I gave them a tape recorder, and they read into it.
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3:50 - 3:51As one of them said to me,
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3:51 - 3:54"Ron, we ain't going anywhere at the moment."
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3:54 - 3:57(Laughter)
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3:57 - 3:59But think of it. These men,
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3:59 - 4:03who hadn't had the educational opportunities I'd had,
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4:03 - 4:07helped me gain post-graduate qualifications in law
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4:07 - 4:11by their dedicated help.
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4:11 - 4:13Well, I went back and became an academic
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4:13 - 4:16at Melbourne's Monash University,
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4:16 - 4:19and for those 25 years,
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4:19 - 4:22tape recorders were everything to me.
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4:22 - 4:24In fact, in my office in 1990,
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4:24 - 4:29I had 18 miles of tape.
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4:29 - 4:36Students, family and friends all read me material.
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4:36 - 4:37Mrs. Lois Doery,
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4:37 - 4:40whom I later came to call my surrogate mum,
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4:40 - 4:44read me many thousands of hours onto tape.
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4:44 - 4:46One of the reasons I agreed to give this talk today
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4:46 - 4:49was that I was hoping that Lois would be here
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4:49 - 4:53so I could introduce you to her and publicly thank her.
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4:53 - 4:57But sadly, her health hasn't permitted her to come today.
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4:57 - 5:01But I thank you here, Lois, from this platform.
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5:01 - 5:08(Applause)
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5:14 - 5:21I saw my first Apple computer in 1984,
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5:21 - 5:22and I thought to myself,
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5:22 - 5:27"This thing's got a glass screen, not much use to me."
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5:27 - 5:31How very wrong I was.
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5:31 - 5:36In 1987, in the month our eldest son Gerard was born,
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5:36 - 5:38I got my first blind computer,
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5:38 - 5:41and it's actually here.
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5:41 - 5:43See it up there?
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5:43 - 5:48And you see it has no, what do you call it, no screen.
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5:48 - 5:52(Laughter)
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5:52 - 5:54It's a blind computer.
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5:54 - 5:56(Laughter)
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5:56 - 5:58It's a Keynote Gold 84k,
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5:58 - 6:03and the 84k stands for it had 84 kilobytes of memory.
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6:03 - 6:05(Laughter)
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6:05 - 6:10Don't laugh, it cost me 4,000 dollars at the time. (Laughter)
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6:10 - 6:15I think there's more memory in my watch.
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6:15 - 6:18It was invented by Russell Smith, a passionate inventor
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6:18 - 6:21in New Zealand who was trying to help blind people.
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6:21 - 6:25Sadly, he died in a light plane crash in 2005,
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6:25 - 6:28but his memory lives on in my heart.
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6:28 - 6:30It meant, for the first time,
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6:30 - 6:33I could read back what I had typed into it.
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6:33 - 6:35It had a speech synthesizer.
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6:35 - 6:37I'd written my first coauthored labor law book
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6:37 - 6:42on a typewriter in 1979 purely from memory.
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6:42 - 6:47This now allowed me to read back what I'd written
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6:47 - 6:48and to enter the computer world,
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6:48 - 6:52even with its 84k of memory.
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6:52 - 6:57In 1974, the great Ray Kurzweil, the American inventor,
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6:57 - 7:00worked on building a machine that would scan books
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7:00 - 7:02and read them out in synthetic speech.
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7:02 - 7:05Optical character recognition units then
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7:05 - 7:08only operated usually on one font,
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7:08 - 7:12but by using charge-coupled device flatbed scanners
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7:12 - 7:13and speech synthesizers,
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7:13 - 7:18he developed a machine that could read any font.
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7:18 - 7:21And his machine, which was as big as a washing machine,
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7:21 - 7:25was launched on the 13th of January, 1976.
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7:25 - 7:28I saw my first commercially available Kurzweil
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7:28 - 7:31in March 1989, and it blew me away,
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7:31 - 7:34and in September 1989,
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7:34 - 7:37the month that my associate professorship
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7:37 - 7:39at Monash University was announced,
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7:39 - 7:43the law school got one, and I could use it.
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7:43 - 7:47For the first time, I could read what I wanted to read
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7:47 - 7:49by putting a book on the scanner.
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7:49 - 7:51I didn't have to be nice to people!
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7:51 - 7:54(Laughter)
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7:54 - 7:56I no longer would be censored.
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7:56 - 7:59For example, I was too shy then,
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7:59 - 8:02and I'm actually too shy now, to ask anybody
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8:02 - 8:04to read me out loud sexually explicit material.
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8:04 - 8:08(Laughter)
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8:08 - 8:12But, you know, I could pop a book on in the middle of the night, and --
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8:12 - 8:18(Laughter) (Applause)
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8:22 - 8:25Now, the Kurzweil reader is simply
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8:25 - 8:27a program on my laptop.
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8:27 - 8:28That's what it's shrunk to.
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8:28 - 8:30And now I can scan the latest novel
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8:30 - 8:33and not wait to get it into talking book libraries.
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8:33 - 8:36I can keep up with my friends.
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8:36 - 8:39There are many people who have helped me in my life,
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8:39 - 8:42and many that I haven't met.
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8:42 - 8:45One is another American inventor Ted Henter.
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8:45 - 8:48Ted was a motorcycle racer,
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8:48 - 8:52but in 1978 he had a car accident and lost his sight,
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8:52 - 8:56which is devastating if you're trying to ride motorbikes.
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8:56 - 8:58He then turned to being a waterskier
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8:58 - 9:02and was a champion disabled waterskier.
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9:02 - 9:05But in 1989, he teamed up with Bill Joyce
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9:05 - 9:09to develop a program that would read out
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9:09 - 9:11what was on the computer screen
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9:11 - 9:13from the Net or from what was on the computer.
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9:13 - 9:17It's called JAWS, Job Access With Speech,
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9:17 - 9:19and it sounds like this.
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9:19 - 9:22(JAWS speaking)
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9:30 - 9:32Ron McCallum: Isn't that slow?
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9:32 - 9:33(Laughter)
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9:33 - 9:35You see, if I read like that, I'd fall asleep.
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9:35 - 9:36I slowed it down for you.
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9:36 - 9:39I'm going to ask that we play it at the speed I read it.
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9:39 - 9:42Can we play that one?
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9:42 - 9:47(JAWS speaking)
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9:56 - 9:58(Laughter)
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9:58 - 10:00RM: You know, when you're marking student essays,
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10:00 - 10:02you want to get through them fairly quickly.
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10:02 - 10:09(Laughter) (Applause)
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10:11 - 10:15This technology that fascinated me in 1987
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10:15 - 10:18is now on my iPhone and on yours as well.
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10:18 - 10:22But, you know, I find reading with machines
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10:22 - 10:24a very lonely process.
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10:24 - 10:29I grew up with family, friends, reading to me,
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10:29 - 10:32and I loved the warmth and the breath
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10:32 - 10:35and the closeness of people reading.
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10:35 - 10:37Do you love being read to?
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10:37 - 10:40And one of my most enduring memories
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10:40 - 10:45is in 1999, Mary reading to me and the children
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10:45 - 10:48down near Manly Beach
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10:48 - 10:51"Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone."
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10:51 - 10:53Isn't that a great book?
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10:53 - 10:56I still love being close to someone reading to me.
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10:56 - 10:58But I wouldn't give up the technology,
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10:58 - 11:03because it's allowed me to lead a great life.
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11:03 - 11:06Of course, talking books for the blind
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11:06 - 11:07predated all this technology.
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11:07 - 11:11After all, the long-playing record was developed
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11:11 - 11:12in the early 1930s,
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11:12 - 11:15and now we put talking books on CDs
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11:15 - 11:21using the digital access system known as DAISY.
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11:21 - 11:24But when I'm reading with synthetic voices,
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11:24 - 11:27I love to come home and read a racy novel
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11:27 - 11:31with a real voice.
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11:31 - 11:33Now there are still barriers
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11:33 - 11:35in front of we people with disabilities.
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11:35 - 11:38Many websites we can't read using JAWS
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11:38 - 11:39and the other technologies.
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11:39 - 11:41Websites are often very visual,
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11:41 - 11:43and there are all these sorts of graphs
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11:43 - 11:45that aren't labeled and buttons that aren't labeled,
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11:45 - 11:49and that's why the World Wide Web Consortium 3,
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11:49 - 11:55known as W3C, has developed worldwide standards
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11:55 - 11:56for the Internet.
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11:56 - 12:02And we want all Internet users or Internet site owners
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12:02 - 12:04to make their sites compatible so that
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12:04 - 12:09we persons without vision can have a level playing field.
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12:09 - 12:13There are other barriers brought about by our laws.
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12:13 - 12:15For example, Australia,
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12:15 - 12:18like about one third of the world's countries,
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12:18 - 12:22has copyright exceptions which allow books to be brailled
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12:22 - 12:24or read for we blind persons.
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12:24 - 12:28But those books can't travel across borders.
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12:28 - 12:30For example, in Spain, there are a 100,000
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12:30 - 12:32accessible books in Spanish.
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12:32 - 12:35In Argentina, there are 50,000.
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12:35 - 12:37In no other Latin American country
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12:37 - 12:39are there more than a couple of thousand.
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12:39 - 12:41But it's not legal to transport the books
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12:41 - 12:44from Spain to Latin America.
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12:44 - 12:46There are hundreds of thousands of accessible books
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12:46 - 12:49in the United States, Britain, Canada, Australia, etc.,
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12:49 - 12:52but they can't be transported to the 60 countries
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12:52 - 12:55in our world where English is the first and the second language.
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12:55 - 12:58And remember I was telling you about Harry Potter.
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12:58 - 13:01Well, because we can't transport books across borders,
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13:01 - 13:03there had to be separate versions read
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13:03 - 13:06in all the different English-speaking countries:
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13:06 - 13:09Britain, United States, Canada, Australia,
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13:09 - 13:11and New Zealand all had to have
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13:11 - 13:14separate readings of Harry Potter.
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13:14 - 13:17And that's why, next month in Morocco,
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13:17 - 13:20a meeting is taking place between all the countries.
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13:20 - 13:21It's something that a group of countries
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13:21 - 13:23and the World Blind Union are advocating,
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13:23 - 13:26a cross-border treaty
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13:26 - 13:29so that if books are available under a copyright exception
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13:29 - 13:31and the other country has a copyright exception,
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13:31 - 13:33we can transport those books across borders
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13:33 - 13:36and give life to people, particularly in developing countries,
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13:36 - 13:40blind people who don't have the books to read.
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13:40 - 13:42I want that to happen.
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13:42 - 13:51(Applause)
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13:51 - 13:54My life has been extraordinarily blessed
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13:54 - 13:56with marriage and children
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13:56 - 14:00and certainly interesting work to do,
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14:00 - 14:02whether it be at the University of Sydney Law School,
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14:02 - 14:04where I served a term as dean,
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14:04 - 14:07or now as I sit on the United Nations Committee
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14:07 - 14:10on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, in Geneva.
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14:10 - 14:15I've indeed been a very fortunate human being.
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14:15 - 14:18I wonder what the future will hold.
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14:18 - 14:22The technology will advance even further,
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14:22 - 14:26but I can still remember my mum saying, 60 years ago,
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14:26 - 14:27"Remember, darling,
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14:27 - 14:32you'll never be able to read the print with your fingers."
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14:32 - 14:37I'm so glad that the interaction between braille transcribers,
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14:37 - 14:40volunteer readers and passionate inventors,
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14:40 - 14:43has allowed this dream of reading to come true for me
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14:43 - 14:46and for blind people throughout the world.
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14:46 - 14:50I'd like to thank my researcher Hannah Martin,
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14:50 - 14:52who is my slide clicker, who clicks the slides,
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14:52 - 14:57and my wife, Professor Mary Crock, who's the light of my life,
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14:57 - 14:58is coming on to collect me.
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14:58 - 14:59I want to thank her too.
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14:59 - 15:01I think I have to say goodbye now.
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15:01 - 15:03Bless you. Thank you very much.
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15:03 - 15:05(Applause)
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15:05 - 15:14Yay! (Applause)
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15:21 - 15:27Okay. Okay. Okay. Okay. Okay. (Applause)
- Title:
- How technology allowed me to read
- Speaker:
- Ron McCallum
- Description:
-
Months after he was born, in 1948, Ron McCallum became blind. In this charming, moving talk, he shows how he is able to read -- and celebrates the progression of clever tools and adaptive computer technologies that make it possible. With their help, and that of generous volunteers, he's become a lawyer, an academic, and, most of all, a voracious reader. Welcome to the blind reading revolution. (Filmed at TEDxSydney.)
- Video Language:
- English
- Team:
- closed TED
- Project:
- TEDTalks
- Duration:
- 15:44
Marssi Draw commented on English subtitles for How technology allowed me to read | ||
Thu-Huong Ha approved English subtitles for How technology allowed me to read | ||
Morton Bast accepted English subtitles for How technology allowed me to read | ||
Thu-Huong Ha edited English subtitles for How technology allowed me to read | ||
Thu-Huong Ha edited English subtitles for How technology allowed me to read | ||
Morton Bast edited English subtitles for How technology allowed me to read | ||
Joseph Geni edited English subtitles for How technology allowed me to read | ||
Joseph Geni edited English subtitles for How technology allowed me to read |
Marssi Draw
Hi, reviewer,
謝謝你的審閱,有一個部分想和你討論。
Rights of Persons with Disabilities 的譯法,我了解你翻成「失能者權益委員會」的用意,不過考量到官方譯法為「殘疾人權利委員會」,所以我想依照官方的翻譯會較合適。
http://www.ohchr.org/ch/HRBodies/CRPD/Pages/CRPDIndex.aspx
歡迎提出你的想法。