Archaeostorytelling: How the past can blow your mind | Ted Papakostas | TEDxAthens
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0:14 - 0:15You enter a museum.
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0:17 - 0:19There are display cases everywhere,
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0:20 - 0:23those wooden, old, retro,
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0:23 - 0:25rustic, elegant ones.
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0:27 - 0:30Do you look at the vases one by one,
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0:30 - 0:34knowing that further down
there are more halls, -
0:34 - 0:41with big statues, sarcophagi,
mosaics, golden jewelry? -
0:44 - 0:46According to the answers you gave,
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0:48 - 0:5052% of you would pay attention to them.
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0:50 - 0:53You are lying, that's obvious.
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0:53 - 0:55Even I wouldn't do that.
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0:55 - 0:56(Laughter)
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0:57 - 1:01But surely there is value
in looking at each one. -
1:02 - 1:04Let me give you an example.
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1:05 - 1:07This is an ancient vase.
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1:08 - 1:11We are used to calling
all ancient vases amphorae. -
1:11 - 1:14Nine out of 10 times
they are not amphorae. -
1:14 - 1:15(Laughter)
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1:15 - 1:17This one actually is an amphora.
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1:18 - 1:20I could tell you
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1:20 - 1:24about the excellent symmetry
governing the artistic form of the vase, -
1:24 - 1:26but this vase is fun.
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1:26 - 1:28Let's have a closer look.
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1:30 - 1:31The Trojan War.
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1:32 - 1:35Achilles and Ajax, they
are not fighting, they are playing. -
1:35 - 1:37Achilles is wearing a helmet.
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1:38 - 1:41They are relaxing, having
a good time and talking. -
1:42 - 1:44Achilles says, "I have rolled a four."
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1:44 - 1:46Ajax has rolled a three.
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1:47 - 1:50It's obvious that Ajax is losing.
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1:52 - 1:55They seem a bit impersonal,
a bit cold, a bit indifferent, -
1:55 - 1:57but the clues are there.
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1:57 - 1:58Starting with their spears.
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2:00 - 2:03Achilles's spear is looser;
his fist is not clenched. -
2:03 - 2:05He's winning; he doesn't care.
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2:05 - 2:08Ajax is clenching his fist;
he is stressed. -
2:08 - 2:12But it's not just his hand,
it's his eyebrow too. -
2:12 - 2:17The artist has managed to represent
Achilles relaxed and Ajax frowning. -
2:18 - 2:21Pottery is the Instagram
of ancient times. -
2:21 - 2:23(Laughter)
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2:23 - 2:27He was a great influencer, Exekias,
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2:27 - 2:30but the next question
has to do with the extent -
2:30 - 2:33to which a vase can engage
our other senses. -
2:33 - 2:34What do I mean?
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2:34 - 2:37Obviously not taste,
because you can't eat it. -
2:37 - 2:39But maybe hearing.
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2:39 - 2:42Let's have a look at another influencer
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2:42 - 2:45called Psiakas.
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2:45 - 2:47Another amphora.
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2:47 - 2:49You see four figures, nothing special.
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2:49 - 2:51These are four gods; they are in Olympus.
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2:51 - 2:53Let's have a look at them one by one.
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2:53 - 2:57The first one is Apollo.
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2:57 - 3:00He's young; we can tell
by the sparse beard on his face. -
3:00 - 3:04He's jamming, playing his guitar;
he's soloing and enjoying himself. -
3:04 - 3:10First off, we see the honest, glorified
Greek mother, proud of her son. -
3:10 - 3:13She's the type that makes
an excellent mother-in-law. -
3:13 - 3:15(Laughter)
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3:15 - 3:19Totally unrelated fact:
Apollo never got married. -
3:19 - 3:21(Laughter)
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3:23 - 3:25Second comes Artemis.
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3:26 - 3:30More stylish, wearing her tight-fitting
clothes with rhinestones, -
3:30 - 3:32a panther's skin on her shoulders.
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3:32 - 3:34(Laughter)
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3:34 - 3:35True fashionista.
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3:35 - 3:38(Laughter) (Applause)
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3:43 - 3:45The last one is Ares.
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3:45 - 3:49Now you may wonder, why not Dionysus?
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3:49 - 3:51He's the party guy.
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3:51 - 3:56Because music relaxes everyone,
including the god of war. -
3:58 - 4:01He is unarmed; he is not
in an aggressive mood. -
4:01 - 4:05He is in a different mood,
and that is apparent on his shield. -
4:06 - 4:08It has a rooster on it.
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4:08 - 4:10The rooster was an erotic symbol.
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4:10 - 4:13Someone once told me the word
for rooster in English - -
4:13 - 4:15I can't remember what it is.
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4:15 - 4:17(Laughter)
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4:17 - 4:19But there is something
that we haven't noticed. -
4:24 - 4:28They are clicking their fingers
to the rhythm of the guitar. -
4:30 - 4:33They are having a good time,
and you can see it clearly. -
4:33 - 4:36(Laughter)
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4:38 - 4:43Who would have thought
that you would go to a display case -
4:43 - 4:48to see a piece of clay, baked
two and a half thousand years earlier, -
4:48 - 4:51and you would hear the sound
of the gods clicking their fingers. -
4:53 - 4:54That's all to do with pottery,
-
4:54 - 4:57but the lady in the front row
wants to see the statues. -
4:57 - 4:59She's stuck on them
ever since I mentioned them. -
4:59 - 5:02She wants to go to the statues,
so let's go to the statues. -
5:02 - 5:04This is Hercules.
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5:05 - 5:07Hercules is 3.17 meters tall.
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5:07 - 5:09For a demigod, he's considered
of average height. -
5:09 - 5:11(Laughter)
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5:11 - 5:13The sculptor is amazing.
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5:14 - 5:20He managed to put all the mythology
of the demigod hero in the sculpture. -
5:20 - 5:22It's not immediately obvious.
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5:22 - 5:25To start with, this sculpture
is an anatomy lesson. -
5:25 - 5:29A proper anatomy lesson.
All the muscles, one by one. -
5:30 - 5:33He's leaning against a rock
where he has placed the lionskin. -
5:33 - 5:36The lionskin is the skin
of the Nemean lion. -
5:37 - 5:40The Nemean lion was his first labor.
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5:41 - 5:43His right hand is hidden behind his back.
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5:43 - 5:47He wants you to go back there
and see what he's hiding. -
5:48 - 5:52It's the Apples of the Hesperides,
that was his twelfth labor. -
5:53 - 5:55The eleventh, sorry.
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5:55 - 5:59So this shows us
the first and the twelfth labor. -
5:59 - 6:02It's a moment of relaxation.
He's resting. He's thinking. -
6:02 - 6:06His last labor, the twelfth,
was to go to the underworld. -
6:06 - 6:08Nobody likes to go to the underworld,
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6:08 - 6:11that's why he looks thoughtful.
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6:11 - 6:17Essentially, he's presented magnificent,
muscular, impressive as a god, -
6:17 - 6:20thoughtful and anxious as a human,
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6:20 - 6:23which in the international literature
is referred to being at his wits' end. -
6:23 - 6:25(Laughter)
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6:25 - 6:28So his first and last labor,
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6:28 - 6:32as well as his dual nature,
all that depicted on a piece of stone. -
6:32 - 6:35He managed to do it.
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6:35 - 6:38And since we are talking
about the demigod. -
6:38 - 6:44The next question was whether
Hercules was the archetypal male. -
6:44 - 6:45You said yes.
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6:45 - 6:4624% said no.
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6:46 - 6:49For those who said no,
listen to this story. -
6:50 - 6:52Hercules was 18 years old.
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6:52 - 6:55He goes to the palace of King Thespius.
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6:55 - 6:57Thespius was somewhere in Boeotia.
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6:57 - 7:00Up on Kitheronas mountain was a lion
that ate people, everyday stuff. -
7:00 - 7:02(Laughter)
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7:02 - 7:03Hercules goes there.
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7:03 - 7:07Thespius had 50 daughters.
Hercules stayed there 50 nights. -
7:07 - 7:10(Laughter)
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7:11 - 7:14He slept with 49 of the daughters.
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7:14 - 7:16He had 50 sons.
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7:18 - 7:19The last one had twins.
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7:19 - 7:21(Laughter)
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7:23 - 7:25So he wasn't always the good guy we know.
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7:26 - 7:29Sometimes, he was naughty.
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7:29 - 7:31Once he committed a murder.
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7:31 - 7:33Zeus got angry
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7:35 - 7:38and forced him to go to faraway Lydia,
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7:39 - 7:42to serve Queen Omphale
for three years as her slave. -
7:42 - 7:46So Hercules went there; he had no choice
but to follow his father's orders. -
7:47 - 7:49He meets Omphale. Love at first sight.
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7:49 - 7:54They fall in love and spend
three wonderful years together. -
7:54 - 7:57Of course, at night,
they exchanged clothes. -
7:58 - 8:02Hercules took Omphale's
spindle and himation, -
8:02 - 8:05Omphale put on the lionskin
and held the club. -
8:06 - 8:08They were having a good time.
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8:09 - 8:11To be honest, I personally
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8:11 - 8:14don't care what ancient
demigod heroes did in their beds. -
8:14 - 8:16I have ancient demigod hero friends.
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8:16 - 8:18(Laughter)
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8:18 - 8:20As long as they are not
doing it provocatively. -
8:20 - 8:22(Laughter)
-
8:23 - 8:26Of course, all that within
the sphere of mythology. -
8:26 - 8:28They are words, imaginary stories.
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8:28 - 8:30Let's go to something more realistic.
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8:31 - 8:32Ancient Athens.
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8:33 - 8:39Bursting with philosophers, writers,
sculptors and orators. -
8:39 - 8:43They bumped into one another.
You threw one rock, you hit five of them. -
8:43 - 8:45(Laughter)
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8:46 - 8:52Which one do you think prevailed
over there, the value of rationality -
8:52 - 8:54or superstition?
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8:55 - 8:57You answered that
it was mostly rationality. -
8:57 - 8:59It makes sense,
I would have thought the same. -
8:59 - 9:02Listen to a nice story.
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9:02 - 9:05Pericles was an up-and-coming politician.
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9:06 - 9:08His opponent was mostly Thucydides.
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9:08 - 9:10Not the historian, a different one.
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9:10 - 9:12He's from the village. You don't know him.
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9:12 - 9:13(Laughter)
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9:13 - 9:18So one day, in one of Pericles's
numerous farmlands, -
9:18 - 9:21a goat appeared, which only had one horn.
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9:21 - 9:23A seer appears.
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9:23 - 9:25A total scoundrel.
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9:25 - 9:27(Laughter)
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9:27 - 9:31His name was Lamponas.
"Pericles, you will be the winner! -
9:31 - 9:36First of all, I have a feeling,
and secondly, the gods said so. -
9:36 - 9:40One horn, one winner; it was found
in your farmland, so you will win." -
9:41 - 9:43Anaxagoras was there as well.
-
9:43 - 9:46Anaxagoras was an astronomer,
a philosopher, a bit of everything, -
9:46 - 9:48that's how it went back then.
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9:48 - 9:51He couldn't tolerate stupidity,
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9:51 - 9:54so he started explaining,
that guys, cool it. -
9:54 - 9:58This can be explained
genetically and biologically. -
9:58 - 10:04It's not a divine sign; it's not
a message from Zeus. Let's chill. -
10:04 - 10:08Another seer comes, Diopethes,
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10:08 - 10:12and he persuades the church of the city
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10:12 - 10:16that whoever doesn't believe
in the divine signs -
10:17 - 10:20but rather in the celestial objects
and talks about them - -
10:20 - 10:22without naming names -
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10:22 - 10:24is dangerous and should leave Athens.
-
10:25 - 10:30To your surprise, obviously,
Anaxagoras stands trial, -
10:30 - 10:34is convicted, and leaves Athens,
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10:34 - 10:36at great speed.
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10:36 - 10:38Superstition won.
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10:38 - 10:40(Laughter)
-
10:40 - 10:43I think we know what archaeology
is in this country. -
10:43 - 10:47We think that we dig to find
an impressive statue, -
10:47 - 10:50to reveal a beautiful temple.
-
10:50 - 10:55It's not just that. Archaeology
is purely a philosophical science. -
10:55 - 11:00It tries to understand "man" by means
of the material remains he left behind. -
11:00 - 11:02Man.
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11:02 - 11:05We affect everything we touch.
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11:05 - 11:10We assign it different interpretations,
essences, uses and meanings. -
11:10 - 11:13What we consider obvious,
isn't always obvious. -
11:14 - 11:18For example, let's take
a random simple glass vase -
11:18 - 11:19from antiquity.
-
11:19 - 11:21It's totally random.
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11:21 - 11:26Is it a useful object?
Is it a religious object? -
11:27 - 11:30Is it packaging? Is it decorative?
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11:30 - 11:32Is it all of the above?
-
11:34 - 11:37In order to explain it to you,
let me give a more specific example. -
11:37 - 11:41Let's take a hazelnut spread
product, Nutella, -
11:42 - 11:45that comes in a glass packaging.
-
11:45 - 11:48When I asked if Nutella
is a religious object, -
11:48 - 11:50I didn't mean that we worship chocolate,
-
11:50 - 11:52because we all love it
and chocolate is awesome. -
11:52 - 11:55Is it an actual religious object?
-
11:56 - 11:59So Nutella, you eat it.
-
11:59 - 12:02Relatively quickly, you don't wait around.
-
12:02 - 12:07So when it runs out, I wash the container
and use it as a glass. -
12:07 - 12:11It automatically becomes
tableware, a useful object. -
12:11 - 12:15Or you can put a nice tealight inside,
and make it a decorative item. -
12:16 - 12:19And upon moving to a new house,
a box is dropped, -
12:19 - 12:21the vigil light breaks,
and grandma freaks out, -
12:21 - 12:25so she takes the Nutella glass,
adds water, oil and a wick, -
12:25 - 12:28and hey, presto, the glass turns into
an actual religious object. -
12:28 - 12:30(Laughter)
-
12:31 - 12:34Therefore everything is relative
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12:36 - 12:37and subjective.
-
12:38 - 12:41And this is something
that archaeology can achieve, -
12:41 - 12:44to touch the person behind the objects.
-
12:44 - 12:49You may ask what all that
has to do with TEDx. -
12:50 - 12:56State of X, 10 years,
the future, what's to come? -
12:56 - 12:58How does archaeology fit in?
-
12:58 - 13:00That's why I asked you
when TEDx came to Greece. -
13:00 - 13:03Obviously, most of you answered
that it came in 2009. -
13:03 - 13:06I'm sorry, but it was a trick question,
-
13:06 - 13:10because TEDx didn't come to Greece,
it has been here since ancient times. -
13:10 - 13:11(Laughter)
-
13:12 - 13:17Initially there were small,
regional TEDx events, in the Agora ... -
13:17 - 13:20(Laughter) (Applause)
-
13:26 - 13:28Some more elite, for the few.
-
13:29 - 13:32If you were loaded,
you could study at a better place. -
13:32 - 13:34(Laughter)
-
13:34 - 13:39Some didn't last very long,
like the Macedonia one of King Archelaos, -
13:39 - 13:43who collected everyone who did anything,
-
13:43 - 13:47whether he was writing a play
or making a sculpture, -
13:47 - 13:49and invited them to the village.
-
13:50 - 13:53And there were many exclusive ones,
for members only. -
13:53 - 13:56No foreigners allowed,
just us, having a good time. -
13:58 - 14:00One of them was more important
than the others. -
14:03 - 14:06We knew about the Olympic Games,
but in ancient Olympia, -
14:06 - 14:10every four years, for five days,
-
14:11 - 14:15the most important people
of the international Greek community -
14:15 - 14:17gathered together.
-
14:18 - 14:20This is where
-
14:22 - 14:26a youngster called Thucydides -
-
14:26 - 14:29the historian, you know this one -
-
14:29 - 14:34heard Herodotus reading the stories
he had written for the first time, -
14:34 - 14:36and he was inspired to do the same thing.
-
14:37 - 14:42This is where Gorgias made the speech
in favor of pan-Hellenic unity. -
14:42 - 14:46This is where Lysias
called all Greeks to unite -
14:46 - 14:48in favor of democracy and against tyranny
-
14:48 - 14:51that existed in various cities.
-
14:51 - 14:54This is where Isocrates wrote,
-
14:54 - 14:58and even distributed copies,
to spread it even more, -
14:58 - 15:00his speech where he called
upon Athens and Sparta, -
15:00 - 15:04the two age-old enemies,
to finally unite for the common good. -
15:05 - 15:10Here, in this melting pot,
the whole Western civilization was born. -
15:13 - 15:18We have 27 centuries of recorded history.
-
15:20 - 15:26We have more than 90 centuries
of documented cultural presence. -
15:27 - 15:29This alone constitutes a heavy burden.
-
15:30 - 15:33We perceive it as heavy;
we experience it as heavy; -
15:33 - 15:36and our perception of it
is indeed heavy. -
15:36 - 15:38And I ask:
-
15:38 - 15:41If we make it a bit lighter,
if we have a more relaxed attitude, -
15:42 - 15:44can we bring it closer to us?
-
15:44 - 15:45Can we have fun with it?
-
15:45 - 15:47Are we allowed to?
-
15:47 - 15:52Is the past a holy cow on a pedestal
-
15:52 - 15:55that we are not allowed to touch?
-
15:57 - 16:02Either way, the past,
be it personal or collective, -
16:02 - 16:03concerns everyone.
-
16:03 - 16:05We look to it to find out who we are.
-
16:05 - 16:09We are not looking for our ancestors,
we are looking for ourselves. -
16:09 - 16:15Archeology is like a global
"Long Lost Family" show. -
16:15 - 16:17(Laughter)
-
16:18 - 16:22Can we forgive our ancestors
for not being perfect? -
16:22 - 16:25Pericles must have had a headache one day.
-
16:26 - 16:27Diogenes must have had constipation.
-
16:27 - 16:29Alexander must have had a cramp.
-
16:29 - 16:32Socrates must have said,
"Broad beans, again?" -
16:32 - 16:33(Laughter)
-
16:35 - 16:38Do we want our past
to just be our heirloom? -
16:38 - 16:40Or do we want to use it for inspiration?
-
16:41 - 16:44We say that the past doesn't change.
-
16:44 - 16:47Newsflash, spoiler alert, spoiler alert.
-
16:48 - 16:50The past doesn't exist.
-
16:51 - 16:53It doesn't exist. It's not there.
-
16:54 - 16:57Whatever you show me as past today
-
16:57 - 16:59is what remains of the past today.
-
16:59 - 17:02The Acropolis, if we all
go up to the Acropolis, -
17:02 - 17:04we won't go back to the 5th century.
-
17:04 - 17:06We will still be in 2019.
-
17:06 - 17:09It's the present. The past
doesn't exist; it's not there. -
17:09 - 17:11It doesn't have any material substance.
-
17:11 - 17:14It only exists in our perception of it.
-
17:15 - 17:17And perceptions change.
-
17:24 - 17:27This talk will soon be
a thing of the past, -
17:28 - 17:32but your perception of it may change
-
17:32 - 17:34tomorrow, the day after that.
-
17:34 - 17:37So does the past change or not?
-
17:38 - 17:43And now I have to leave you,
but not here, or in ancient Olympia, -
17:44 - 17:45or in the museum.
-
17:45 - 17:49I will leave you in the sea, and more
specifically in the middle of the sea, -
17:50 - 17:53and I hope that you will take
some antiquity with you -
17:53 - 17:58out of the retro, rustic,
stylish display cases. -
17:58 - 18:01(Music)
-
18:12 - 18:16(Singing) [Zeus was a womanizer]
-
18:17 - 18:19[Leto was inexperienced]
-
18:19 - 18:23[She got pregnant]
-
18:24 - 18:26[Hera was mad]
-
18:26 - 18:31[She sent a message that no place
should allow Leto to give birth there] -
18:31 - 18:34[A small rock was floating
in the Aegean sea with no place] -
18:34 - 18:36[It was undefined, adelos]
-
18:37 - 18:41[It accepted Leto, and she promised
that it would take its rightful place] -
18:41 - 18:44[It became defined, Delos]
-
18:47 - 18:50[Leto held onto a palm tree
in the center of the island] -
18:50 - 18:52[And gave birth]
-
18:53 - 18:56[Young Apollo became an adult right away]
-
18:56 - 19:00[And the place was filled with light]
-
19:02 - 19:05[The other islands came to worship
the small rock that gave birth to light] -
19:05 - 19:08[They made a cycle around it]
-
19:08 - 19:10[This cycle became Cyclades]
-
19:17 - 19:18Thank you.
-
19:18 - 19:21(Applause)
- Title:
- Archaeostorytelling: How the past can blow your mind | Ted Papakostas | TEDxAthens
- Description:
-
The past can shock us, make us laugh, move us, and change us. If you think archaeology is interesting, you are in for a big surprise. It’s way more interesting than you think. Let the past fascinate you in a way you never thought possible.
Dr. Ted Papakostas is an archaeologist who decided to introduce a different view of what antiquity is in modern Greek mentality and promote what is called “pop archaeology” through his Instagram project @archaeostoryteller.
Starting out as a fun pastime, its reception by the general public led him to the realization that there is indeed room and necessity for a more approachable way of viewing archaeology in Greece. Through his work, he aims to introduce a fun way of perceiving the past and denounce the notion that antiquity is sacred and untouchable, by making archaeological information plain yet accurate and enjoyable to a wider audience.
This talk was given at a TEDx event using the TED conference format but independently organized by a local community. Learn more at https://www.ted.com/tedx
- Video Language:
- Greek
- Team:
- closed TED
- Project:
- TEDxTalks
- Duration:
- 19:51