0:00:08.936,0:00:14.384 How many of you are familiar[br]with the Japanese-American incarceration? 0:00:14.867,0:00:16.897 Oh! Thank you, and good night. 0:00:16.897,0:00:18.397 (Laughter) 0:00:18.397,0:00:20.269 You guys are wonderful. 0:00:22.031,0:00:23.799 I was a prisoner of war, 0:00:24.419,0:00:26.179 during World War II, 0:00:26.179,0:00:28.129 held by my own country. 0:00:28.592,0:00:30.460 I was six years old. 0:00:31.053,0:00:32.851 This is my prison number: 0:00:33.405,0:00:35.185 125 - 0:00:36.575,0:00:38.597 12524. 0:00:39.085,0:00:40.643 I'm the letter D. 0:00:41.153,0:00:43.430 My family had 12524. 0:00:45.076,0:00:48.814 My family and I were incarcerated[br]for three and a half years, 0:00:48.814,0:00:51.001 in Poston, Arizona, 0:00:51.001,0:00:53.854 during World War II. 0:00:55.339,0:00:58.060 As a teacher, I would ask my students, 0:00:58.640,0:01:00.899 sometimes on the first day of school: 0:01:01.610,0:01:04.019 "Draw an American for me. 0:01:04.019,0:01:08.556 Okay? Take out a piece of paper,[br]and draw an American for me. 0:01:08.556,0:01:09.676 Okay?" 0:01:09.676,0:01:14.026 And then I would go around the room[br]and check the drawings, 0:01:14.775,0:01:18.666 and sometimes the drawings[br]would be of a stick figure, 0:01:21.052,0:01:23.196 not much better than kindergarten. 0:01:23.196,0:01:24.562 Excuse me, Marsha. 0:01:26.342,0:01:29.532 Marsha is a kindergarten teacher, my wife. 0:01:29.532,0:01:30.772 (Laughter) 0:01:31.728,0:01:34.939 Draw an American for me.[br]You get somebody in mind? 0:01:34.939,0:01:36.359 Hmm? 0:01:37.283,0:01:40.341 How many of you[br]thought of drawing a woman? 0:01:41.491,0:01:42.861 Thank you. 0:01:43.631,0:01:46.091 A majority of Americans are women. 0:01:47.569,0:01:49.936 Who says it's a man's world? 0:01:50.261,0:01:51.532 Men! 0:01:53.819,0:01:57.060 Women can do everything[br]a man can do, and more. 0:02:00.114,0:02:04.222 How many of you thought of drawing[br]a blonde, blue-eyed, hunk of a guy? 0:02:06.288,0:02:08.606 Hitler would have been so proud of you. 0:02:11.954,0:02:18.133 To many Americans, WASP is the American:[br]White Anglo-Saxon Protestant. 0:02:18.133,0:02:20.711 If you're not White,[br]Anglo-Saxon Protestant, 0:02:20.711,0:02:22.443 you're not really an American. 0:02:25.793,0:02:28.279 You know, I'm not Japanese. 0:02:28.608,0:02:30.598 I've never been Japanese. 0:02:31.023,0:02:34.273 I'm an American, of Japanese ancestry. 0:02:34.273,0:02:38.473 My father was Japanese, my mother was[br]Japanese, but I'm not Japanese. 0:02:39.404,0:02:41.866 When I go to Japan, and I speak, 0:02:43.016,0:02:46.266 they laugh and they go:[br]"We don't talk like that anymore." 0:02:46.266,0:02:49.755 They know I'm a gaijin, a foreigner. 0:02:50.642,0:02:52.641 When I was in London, shopping, 0:02:52.641,0:02:55.114 and I had a nice conversation[br]with the sales lady, 0:02:55.114,0:02:57.454 and at the end she says:[br]"Oh, you Yanks." 0:02:57.801,0:03:01.481 She's looking at me, and I'm a Yank. 0:03:02.997,0:03:05.947 But in this country,[br]in parts of this country, 0:03:06.553,0:03:08.143 I'm a damned Jap. 0:03:10.476,0:03:12.517 And I don't mean just the South. 0:03:13.501,0:03:18.941 There are parts of Idaho,[br]Montana, North Dakota and such. 0:03:19.295,0:03:21.503 It's kind of dangerous for me to travel. 0:03:23.318,0:03:26.272 Racism still prevails in this country. 0:03:27.470,0:03:32.435 After 9/11, the attack[br]on the twin towers in New York, 0:03:34.728,0:03:37.310 there was talk about rounding up 0:03:37.310,0:03:40.309 all the Arabs and Muslim[br]Americans in this country, 0:03:40.309,0:03:44.238 and incarcerating them[br]in concentration camps. 0:03:44.935,0:03:49.654 Now to his credit,[br]George W. Bush, the president, 0:03:49.654,0:03:52.174 he called a Cabinet meeting, 0:03:52.974,0:03:55.254 and he told his Cabinet members: 0:03:55.254,0:03:59.705 "We're not going to do to the Arab[br]and Muslim Americans in this country 0:03:59.705,0:04:03.088 what we did to Norm Mineta[br]and his family." 0:04:03.499,0:04:08.465 And all talk about rounding up[br]the Arab and Muslims stopped. 0:04:08.932,0:04:10.613 And we were grateful. 0:04:11.342,0:04:14.847 Now, why was Norm, his family, 0:04:14.847,0:04:21.187 and 120,000 Japanese[br]and Japanese-Americans - 0:04:21.187,0:04:24.004 two-thirds were American citizens, 0:04:24.004,0:04:27.844 from Washington, Oregon, and California - 0:04:27.844,0:04:31.937 incarcerated after the attack[br]on Pearl Harbour? 0:04:33.261,0:04:34.593 Well, 0:04:35.293,0:04:40.493 Cabrillo College instructor[br]Sandy Lydon, historian emeritus, 0:04:40.493,0:04:46.084 said the Japanese strawberry farmer[br]of Watsonville had nothing to do 0:04:46.084,0:04:48.144 with the attack on Pearl Harbour. 0:04:48.782,0:04:54.188 Did you know that there were 158,000[br]Japanese and Japanese-Americans 0:04:54.188,0:04:58.438 living in the territory of Hawaii -[br]it wasn't a state yet - 0:04:58.438,0:05:02.828 who were not incarcerated, [br]with the exception of about 2,000. 0:05:03.685,0:05:05.555 They're in the war zone. 0:05:06.455,0:05:10.557 Well, they needed the Japanese[br]and Japanese-Americans in Hawaii 0:05:10.557,0:05:12.687 to run the economy of Hawaii. 0:05:13.492,0:05:17.710 They were the plurality,[br]they were 37% of the population - 0:05:17.710,0:05:20.792 a census was taken in 1940. 0:05:22.716,0:05:24.037 Their general Evman said, 0:05:24.037,0:05:29.739 "It's not necessary to do this.[br]There is no plan for sabotage." 0:05:30.601,0:05:34.322 We, who were 2,500 miles away[br]from the war zone, 0:05:34.322,0:05:36.140 we get incarcerated. 0:05:38.189,0:05:39.429 Why? 0:05:40.242,0:05:44.255 I have to take you back a little bit[br]in American history. 0:05:46.256,0:05:49.976 The United States Constitution[br]legalized slavery. 0:05:50.979,0:05:56.559 The U.S. government condoned[br]and practiced racism. 0:05:57.468,0:06:01.161 The Naturalization Act in 1790: 0:06:01.161,0:06:05.337 Asians could not become citizens[br]of the United States. 0:06:06.432,0:06:08.113 The Cherokee Nation. 0:06:09.005,0:06:11.281 You've heard of the trail of tears? 0:06:11.281,0:06:13.854 They were forced out of their homes. 0:06:14.444,0:06:16.478 Dred Scott decision, 0:06:17.698,0:06:19.368 He was a slave, 0:06:20.028,0:06:21.838 even in a free territory. 0:06:22.338,0:06:26.918 There was an anti-Irish-Catholic[br]mentality in this country. 0:06:26.918,0:06:33.348 There were signs that were printed,[br]and displayed: "No Irish Need Apply." 0:06:35.056,0:06:39.428 The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882. 0:06:39.428,0:06:41.592 Plessy vs. Ferguson: 0:06:41.592,0:06:43.204 "Separate but equal." 0:06:43.204,0:06:45.430 How can the separate be equal? 0:06:46.501,0:06:50.400 A. Mitchell Palmer Raids, 1919-1920. 0:06:50.400,0:06:57.799 The communists, and Jews too,[br]were deported without trial, 0:06:57.799,0:07:00.430 just placed on a ship and shipped out. 0:07:02.998,0:07:05.770 Immigration Act of 1924. 0:07:07.449,0:07:10.819 The Japanese could not[br]come to this country anymore. 0:07:11.691,0:07:13.861 Fred Korematsu case. 0:07:16.115,0:07:19.829 Our history is a history of racism, 0:07:21.195,0:07:27.205 and discrimination regarding [br]immigration as well. 0:07:29.510,0:07:33.648 In the early 20th century,[br]it was said in the newspapers - 0:07:33.648,0:07:36.765 The Examiner, The Chronicle,[br]The McClatchy papers, you know, 0:07:36.765,0:07:39.409 Sacramento Bee, Fresno Bee,[br]and The Sentinel - 0:07:40.249,0:07:42.579 that the Japanese race is an alien race 0:07:42.579,0:07:45.449 which can never be assimilated[br]into the American way of life; 0:07:45.449,0:07:48.960 there is nothing of value[br]of Japanese culture. 0:07:51.926,0:07:53.516 Nothing of value. 0:07:55.685,0:07:57.299 How many of you have eaten sushi? 0:07:57.299,0:07:58.162 (Chuckling) 0:07:58.162,0:08:00.364 Oh yeah, sushi's good for you. 0:08:01.009,0:08:02.619 What about bonsai? 0:08:02.979,0:08:04.974 Ikebana flower arranging? 0:08:04.974,0:08:06.324 Origami? 0:08:07.262,0:08:08.850 Wax on, wax off? 0:08:08.850,0:08:09.930 (Chuckling) 0:08:09.930,0:08:11.102 Karate? 0:08:12.205,0:08:13.362 Ah, 0:08:13.362,0:08:15.622 Japanese culture is rich. 0:08:16.252,0:08:21.691 And so many enjoy participating [br]n Japanese culture. 0:08:22.370,0:08:26.434 To make sure the Japanese did not[br]assimilate into this country, 0:08:26.894,0:08:28.312 laws were passed. 0:08:28.312,0:08:31.210 Asians could not own property, 0:08:31.210,0:08:32.869 marry whites, 0:08:34.119,0:08:36.373 become citizens of the United States. 0:08:37.979,0:08:40.579 After the attack on Pearl Harbour, 0:08:40.969,0:08:43.469 December 7th, 1941. 0:08:44.779,0:08:46.918 John L. DeWitt, 0:08:47.660,0:08:52.640 commander of the Western Fourth Army, 0:08:52.640,0:08:55.330 at the Presidio of San Francisco, 0:08:56.115,0:08:59.014 had the ear of the President[br]of the United States. 0:08:59.331,0:09:00.488 He said, 0:09:01.058,0:09:02.988 "A Jap's a Jap. 0:09:02.988,0:09:06.850 It makes no difference[br]whether that Jap is a citizen or not." 0:09:09.408,0:09:13.193 J. Edgar Hoover said: "Mr. President,[br]we don't need to do this." 0:09:14.096,0:09:17.566 Francis Biddle, who was[br]the Attorney General at the time, said: 0:09:17.566,0:09:20.633 "Mr. President, I don't think[br]we can do this." 0:09:21.543,0:09:22.995 There were no ... 0:09:23.995,0:09:27.671 lawsuits filed on our behalf. 0:09:31.925,0:09:37.666 Executive Order 9066[br]was passed 75 years ago. 0:09:38.834,0:09:44.332 You know, there was one group, nationally,[br]one group, that supported us: 0:09:44.332,0:09:45.768 The American Quakers, 0:09:45.768,0:09:47.451 the American friends. 0:09:48.359,0:09:50.309 They were the only ones. 0:09:50.309,0:09:54.584 Nationally, not even[br]the ACLU supported us. 0:09:58.379,0:09:59.839 Locally, 0:09:59.839,0:10:01.896 luckily, we had some friends. 0:10:02.230,0:10:05.709 City attorney of Watsonville,[br]John McCarthy, 0:10:05.709,0:10:08.961 our police chief, Matt Graves, 0:10:09.351,0:10:11.741 school teachers, public school teachers, 0:10:11.741,0:10:13.148 and many others supported us. 0:10:13.148,0:10:14.352 You know - 0:10:14.672,0:10:16.042 The reward? 0:10:16.042,0:10:19.386 They were called '"ap Lovers"[br]for supporting us. 0:10:22.767,0:10:25.706 They had their homes and cars vandalized. 0:10:27.221,0:10:31.105 And they were among the very first[br]to welcome us back. 0:10:31.930,0:10:34.075 We had some very dear friends. 0:10:36.362,0:10:38.302 In 1942, 0:10:38.302,0:10:42.712 our homes were searched,[br]without search warrants. 0:10:42.712,0:10:45.855 The FBI came into our homes - 0:10:45.855,0:10:48.882 they got the information[br]from the Bureau of the Census. 0:10:48.882,0:10:51.743 The Bureau of the Census[br]is not supposed to do that. 0:10:51.743,0:10:53.415 We were hacked. 0:10:55.554,0:10:59.249 There were no trials,[br]except for four people. 0:11:00.595,0:11:04.536 But for the rest of us, we had no charges, 0:11:05.404,0:11:06.838 no attorneys, 0:11:07.288,0:11:09.368 no due process of law. 0:11:15.248,0:11:19.231 This, the Constitution[br]of the United States, 0:11:19.911,0:11:22.064 ceased to exist for us. 0:11:29.813,0:11:31.924 There were ten major camps, 0:11:32.914,0:11:34.003 and from the camps, 0:11:34.003,0:11:39.663 our men and women volunteered to serve[br]in the United States Armed Forces. 0:11:40.503,0:11:45.117 The men, many of them were[br]in the 100th/442nd Regimental Combat Team, 0:11:45.827,0:11:50.591 the most decorated army unit[br]for its size and length of service. 0:11:53.631,0:11:58.001 My two brothers were in the MIS,[br]Military Intelligence Service, 0:11:58.001,0:12:00.331 because they could read[br]and write Japanese. 0:12:00.696,0:12:04.876 They went to Japanese school[br]after high school each day. 0:12:05.840,0:12:08.334 They fought against the Japanese. 0:12:10.804,0:12:15.288 We used the Japanese language[br]as a weapon against the Japanese. 0:12:17.670,0:12:19.508 The MIS 0:12:20.092,0:12:22.240 stayed after the war, 0:12:22.929,0:12:26.956 with the restoration,[br]occupation restoration of Japan. 0:12:28.649,0:12:35.632 Their service during the war saved[br]countless American and Japanese lives. 0:12:35.871,0:12:39.392 It is estimated that it shortened[br]the war by two years. 0:12:41.617,0:12:47.511 Congress formally acknowledged the work 0:12:49.570,0:12:55.912 of the 100th/442nd and MIS[br]with a Congressional Gold Medal. 0:12:56.124,0:12:57.555 We're grateful. 0:12:59.653,0:13:01.688 Our forced removal 0:13:02.898,0:13:04.388 was illegal. 0:13:04.388,0:13:05.639 Right? 0:13:07.666,0:13:08.968 No. 0:13:11.026,0:13:12.348 No. 0:13:14.282,0:13:15.891 It's legal. 0:13:18.322,0:13:22.229 The government of United States[br]can evict anyone from their homes, 0:13:22.678,0:13:27.569 if under the guise of[br]"military necessity." 0:13:28.778,0:13:31.460 Today, we won't use that term. 0:13:31.460,0:13:34.851 We'll use the term "national security." 0:13:37.167,0:13:44.179 Congress and the president apologized[br]for our wartime experience. 0:13:45.401,0:13:52.453 The Civil Liberties Act[br]was passed on August 10th, 1988. 0:13:53.104,0:13:55.131 We have an official apology. 0:13:55.131,0:13:56.474 You know, 0:13:56.474,0:13:58.674 of the 120,000, 0:13:59.294,0:14:03.071 the government expected[br]60,000 to have died, 0:14:03.071,0:14:05.918 and 60,000 were still alive. 0:14:06.756,0:14:08.376 But we fooled them. 0:14:08.376,0:14:11.314 80,000 of us were still alive. 0:14:11.314,0:14:14.322 You see, sushi is good for you. 0:14:14.322,0:14:16.048 (Laughter) 0:14:17.132,0:14:18.929 There's only one race. 0:14:19.973,0:14:21.604 That's the human race. 0:14:24.818,0:14:28.119 There are those who wish[br]to classify us, you know, 0:14:28.119,0:14:31.247 "Oh, you're Caucasian American, 0:14:31.247,0:14:32.559 you're Asian American, 0:14:32.559,0:14:34.344 you're Hispanic American, 0:14:37.138,0:14:38.609 or Black American." 0:14:39.915,0:14:41.698 There's only one race. 0:14:42.865,0:14:44.529 You know dogs? 0:14:45.399,0:14:48.825 We call them German Shepards,[br]French Poodles, and Chihuahuas. 0:14:48.825,0:14:51.625 They go to anybody, right? 0:14:52.205,0:14:53.691 They're color-blind. 0:14:54.932,0:14:58.200 I wish humans were color-blind. 0:14:59.755,0:15:00.925 (Sigh) 0:15:01.374,0:15:04.092 Today, the present administration 0:15:05.359,0:15:09.541 is constantly issuing[br]new executive orders and policies 0:15:09.541,0:15:11.329 regarding immigration, 0:15:11.891,0:15:14.851 contrary to the spirit of America. 0:15:15.953,0:15:17.481 Fortunately, 0:15:18.151,0:15:19.541 now, 0:15:19.541,0:15:23.554 we have the Southern Poverty Law Center, 0:15:23.991,0:15:26.283 the American Civil Liberties Union. 0:15:26.715,0:15:28.667 We have so many groups, 0:15:29.484,0:15:31.574 and individuals, 0:15:31.574,0:15:36.686 supporting what really is of true America, 0:15:36.686,0:15:40.374 something we didn't see in 1942. 0:15:41.882,0:15:43.650 Will it happen again? 0:15:46.119,0:15:47.930 Memory is short. 0:15:50.889,0:15:54.260 No, not under the guise[br]of military necessity, no. 0:15:54.260,0:15:56.104 So who's the biggest threat? 0:15:59.609,0:16:06.373 Some suspect it will be[br]the reporters and producers of fake news. 0:16:07.502,0:16:10.430 It doesn't have to be[br]an individual or a group, 0:16:10.430,0:16:12.856 a national group or a racial group. 0:16:15.206,0:16:17.182 It could be an occupation. 0:16:17.182,0:16:22.178 The days of Walter Cronkite,[br]the conscious of America, are long gone. 0:16:23.542,0:16:25.559 Now we have the internet, 0:16:26.062,0:16:28.307 radio talk show hosts, 0:16:28.973,0:16:31.121 TV commentators. 0:16:33.010,0:16:37.086 I'm grateful to be living here[br]in Santa Cruz County, 0:16:37.935,0:16:40.797 the second most [br]iberal county in the nation. 0:16:42.681,0:16:46.092 You know, if you know[br]the history of Santa Cruz city, 0:16:46.092,0:16:48.194 it wasn't always that way. 0:16:49.012,0:16:52.138 Yeah, minorities were not[br]welcome in Santa Cruz. 0:16:53.436,0:16:56.897 Growing up, I didn't come[br]to Santa Cruz very often. 0:16:59.265,0:17:00.986 But that all changed. 0:17:01.877,0:17:03.096 How? 0:17:03.552,0:17:05.859 Thanks to Cabrillo College, 0:17:09.812,0:17:12.506 and University of California[br]at Santa Cruz. 0:17:12.506,0:17:14.620 The intelligentsia came, 0:17:15.725,0:17:17.540 and it changed the whole county. 0:17:17.540,0:17:22.253 Today, this is the most wonderful place[br]in the whole world to live. 0:17:22.727,0:17:24.321 And I kid you not. 0:17:26.073,0:17:27.880 Gordon Hirabayashi. 0:17:28.366,0:17:31.002 He was a student[br]at the University of Washington, 0:17:31.002,0:17:32.275 a Quaker. 0:17:32.275,0:17:33.581 He was arrested, 0:17:33.941,0:17:35.329 convicted, 0:17:36.579,0:17:38.173 imprisoned. 0:17:39.246,0:17:45.807 The prosecuting attorneys[br]lied to the judges. 0:17:48.614,0:17:50.125 Yeah, he spent some time. 0:17:50.125,0:17:53.062 Now, his conviction was vacated. 0:17:53.062,0:17:54.858 Not overturned, vacated. 0:17:56.237,0:17:57.939 Gordon Hirabayashi said, 0:17:59.107,0:18:01.795 "Ancestry is not a crime." 0:18:03.595,0:18:08.783 Today, we would add,[br]"Islam is not a crime." 0:18:11.685,0:18:14.126 With our newfound energy, 0:18:15.358,0:18:17.467 we have a lot of work to do. 0:18:17.838,0:18:21.345 You know those, there was[br]a gentlemenwho live not too far 0:18:21.345,0:18:23.845 from Charlottesville, Virginia, 0:18:23.845,0:18:25.722 at a place called Monticello. 0:18:26.649,0:18:28.178 Thomas Jefferson, 0:18:29.036,0:18:32.060 "Eternal vigilance is a price of liberty." 0:18:33.601,0:18:36.685 It's up to us, all of us, 0:18:37.085,0:18:41.075 to work in peace,[br]and harmony, compassion, 0:18:41.075,0:18:43.718 to overcome hate and bigotry. 0:18:43.718,0:18:45.310 And we can do it. 0:18:46.765,0:18:48.233 Thank you. 0:18:48.233,0:18:49.744 (Applause)