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The maxim, "Know thyself"
has been around since the ancient Greeks.

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Some attribute this golden world
knowledge to Plato, others to Pythagoras.

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But the truth is it doesn't really matter
which sage said it first,

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because it's still
sage advice, even today.

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"Know thyself."

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It's pithy almost to the point
of being meaningless,

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but it rings familiar
and true, doesn't it?

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"Know thyself."

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I understand this timeless dictum
as a statement about the problems,

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or more exactly, the confusions,
of consciousness.

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I've always been fascinated
with knowing the self.

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This fascination led me
to submerge myself in art,

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study neuroscience,
and later, to become a psychotherapist.

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Today I combine all my passions
as the CEO of InteraXon,

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a thought-controlled computing company.

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My goal, quite simply, is to help people
become more in tune with themselves.

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I take it from this
little dictum, "Know thyself."

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If you think about it,

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this imperative is kind of the defining
characteristic of our species, isn't it?

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I mean, it's self-awareness

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that separates Homo sapiens
from earlier instances of our mankind.

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Today we're often too busy

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tending to our iPhones and iPods
to really stop and get to know ourselves.

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Under the deluge of minute-to-minute
text conversations,

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e-mails, relentless exchange
of media channels

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and passwords and apps
and reminders and Tweets and tags,

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we lose sight of what all this fuss is
supposed to be about in the first place:

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Ourselves.

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Much of the time we're transfixed

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by all of the ways we can reflect
ourselves out into the world.

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And we can barely find the time to reflect
deeply back in on our own selves.

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We've cluttered ourselves up
with all this.

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And we feel like we have to get
far, far away to a secluded retreat,

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leaving it all behind.

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So we go far away
to the top of a mountain,

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assuming that perching
ourselves on a piece

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is bound to give us the respite we need
to sort the clutter, the chaotic everyday,

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and find ourselves again.

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But on that mountain where we gain
that beautiful peace of mind,

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what are we really achieving?

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It's really only a successful escape.

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Think of the term we use, "Retreat."

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This is the term that armies use
when they've lost a battle.

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It means we've got to get out of here.

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Is this how we feel
about the pressures of our world,

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that in order to get inside ourselves,

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you have to run for the hills?

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And the problem with escaping
your day-to-day life

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is that you have to come home, eventually.

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So when you think about it,

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we're almost like a tourist
visiting ourselves over there.

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And eventually, that vacation's got
to come to an end.

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So my question to you is,

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can we find ways to know ourselves
without the escape?

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Can we redefine our relationship
with the technologized world

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in order to have the heightened
sense of self-awareness that we seek?

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Can we live here and now in our wired web

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and still follow those ancient
instructions, "Know thyself?"

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I say the answer is yes.

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And I'm here today to share a new way

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that we're working
with technology to this end,

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to get familiar with our inner self
like never before...

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Humanizing technology
and furthering that age-old quest of ours

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to more fully know the self.

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It's called thought-controlled computing.

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You may or may not have noticed

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that I'm wearing a tiny
electrode on my forehead.

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This is actually a brainwave sensor

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that's reading the electrical
activity of my brain

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as I give this talk.

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These brainwaves are being analyzed
and we can see them as a graph.

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That blue line there is my brainwave.

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It's the direct signal being recorded
from my head, rendered in real time.

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The green and red bars show
that same signal displayed by frequency,

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with lower frequencies here

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and higher frequencies up here.

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You're actually looking
inside my head as I speak.

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These graphs are compelling,
they're undulating,

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but from a human's perspective,
they're actually not very useful.

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That's why we've spent a lot of time

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thinking about how to make this data
meaningful to the people who use it.

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For instance,

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what if I could use this data to find out
how relaxed I am at any moment?

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Or what if I can take that information

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and put it into an organic
shape up on the screen?

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The shape on the right over here

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has become an indicator
of what's going on in my head.

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The more relaxed I am,

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the more the energy's going
to fall through it.

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I may also be interested in knowing
how focused I am,

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so I can put my level of attention
into the circuit board on the other side.

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And the more focused my brain is,

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the more the circuit board
is going to surge with energy.

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Ordinarily, I would have no way
of knowing how focused or relaxed I was

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in any tangible way.

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As we know, our feelings
about how we're feeling

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are notoriously unreliable.

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We've all had stress creep up
on us without even noticing it

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until we lost it on someone
who didn't deserve it,

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and then we realize that we probably
should have checked in with ourselves

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a little earlier.

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This new awareness
opens up vast possibilities

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for applications that help
improve our lives and ourselves.

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We're trying to create technology
that uses the insights

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to make our work more efficient,
our breaks more relaxing

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and our connections deeper
and more fulfilling than ever.

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I'm going to share some of these
visions with you in a bit,

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but first I want to take
a look at how we got here.

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By the way, feel free to check
in on my head at any time.

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(Laughter)

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My team at InteraXon and I

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have been developing thought-controlled
application for almost a decade now.

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In the first phase of development,

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we were really enthused by all the things
we could control with our mind.

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We were making things activate,
light up and work just by thinking.

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We were transcending the space
between the mind and the device.

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We brought to life a vast array
of prototypes and products

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that you could control with your mind,

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like thought-controlled home appliances

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or slot-car games or video games
or a levitating chair.

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We created technology and applications
that engaged people's imaginations,

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and it was really exciting.

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And then we were asked to do something
really big for the Olympics.

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We were invited to create
a massive installation

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at the Vancouver 2010 winter Olympics,

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were used in Vancouver,

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got to control the lighting
on the CN Tower,

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the Canadian Parliament
buildings and Niagara Falls

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from all the way across the country
using their minds.

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Over 17 days at the Olympics,
7,000 visitors from all over the world

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actually got to individually
control the light

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from the CN Tower, parliament
and Niagara in real time

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with their minds from across
the country, 3,000 km away.

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So controlling stuff
with your mind is pretty cool.

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But we're always interested in multitiered
levels of human interaction.

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And so we began looking into inventing
thought-controlled applications

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in a more complex frame than just control.

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And that was responsiveness.

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We realized that we had a system

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that allowed technology
to know something about you.

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And it could join
into the relationship with you.

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We created the responsive room

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where the lights, music and blinds
adjusted to your state.

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They followed these little shifts
in your mental activity.

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So as you settled into relaxation
at the end of a hard day,

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on the couch in our office,

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the music would mellow with you.

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When you read, the desk lamp
would get brighter.

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If you nod off, the system would know,
dimming to darkness as you do.

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We then realized that if technology
could know something about you

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and use it to help you,

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there's an even more valuable
application than that.

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That you could know
something about yourself.

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We could know sides of ourselves
that were all but invisible

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and come to see things
that were previously hidden.

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Let me show you an example
of what I'm talking about here.

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I do have a video of an application
I created for the iPad.

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So the goal of the original game Zen Bound
is to wrap a rope around a wooden form.

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So you use it with your headset.

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The headset connects wirelessly
to an iPad or a smartphone.

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In that headset, you have fabric sensors
on your forehead and above the ear.

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In the original Zen Bound game,

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you play it by scrolling
your fingers over the pad.

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In the game that we created, of course,

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you control the wooden form
that's on the screen there with your mind.

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As you focus on the wooden form,

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it rotates.

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The more you focus,
the faster the rotation.

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This is for real.

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This is not a fake.

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What's really interesting to me though

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is at the end of the game, you get stats
and feedback about how you did.

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You have graphs and charts
that tell you how your brain was doing...

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Not just how much rope you used
or what your high score is,

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but what was going on inside of your mind.

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And this is valuable feedback

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that we can use to understand
what's going on inside of ourselves.

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I like to call this "intra-active."

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Normally, we think
about technology as interactive.

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This technology is intra-active.

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It understands what's inside of you

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and builds a sort
of responsive relationship

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between you and your technology

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so that you can use this information
to move you forward.

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So you can use this information
to understand you in a responsive loop.

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For example,

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a thought controlled computer
can teach children with ADD

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how to improve their focus.

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With ADD, children have a low proportion
of beta waves, or focus state,

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and high proportion of theta states.

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So you can create applications
that reward focused brain states.

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So you can imagine kids playing
video games with their brain waves

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and improving their ADD
symptoms as they do it.

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This can be as effective as Ritalin.

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Perhaps even more importantly,

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thought-controlled computing
can give children with ADD

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insights into their own fluctuating
mental states,

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so they can better understand themselves
and their learning needs.

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The way these children will be able to use
their new awareness to improve themselves

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will upend many of the damaging
and widespread social stigmas

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that people who are diagnosed
as different are challenged with.

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We can peer inside our heads

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and interact with what was once
locked away from us,

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what once mystified and separated us.

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Brainwave technology can understand us,
anticipate our emotions

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and find the best solutions for our needs.

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Imagine this collected
awareness of the individual

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computed and reflected
across an entire lifespan.

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Imagine the insights that you can gain
from this kind of second sight.

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It would be like plugging
into your own personal Google.

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On the subject of Google,

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today you can search and tag images

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based on the thoughts and feelings
you had while you watched them.

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You can tag pictures
of baby animals as happy,

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or whatever baby animals are to you,

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and then you can search that database,
navigating with your feelings,

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rather than the keywords
that just hint at them.

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Or you could tag Facebook photos

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with the emotions that you had
associated with those memories

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and then instantly prioritize
the streams that catch your attention,

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just like this.

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Humanizing technology
is about taking what's already natural

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about the human-tech experience

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and building technology
seamlessly in tandem with it.

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As it aligns with our human behaviors,

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it can allow us to make
better sense of what we do

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and, more importantly, why.

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Creating a big picture
out of all the important little details

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that make up who we are.

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With humanized technology we can monitor
the quality of your sleep cycles.

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When our productivity starts to slacken,
we can go back to that data

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and see how we can make more effective
balance between work and play.

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Do you know what causes fatigue in you
or what brings out your energetic self,

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what triggers cause you to be depressed

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or what fun things are going
to bring you out of that funk?

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Imagine if you had access to data

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that allowed you to rank
on a scale of overall happiness

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which people in your life
made you the happiest,

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or what activities brought you joy.

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Would you make more time for those people?
Would you prioritize?

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Would you get a divorce?

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(Laughter)

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What thought-controlled computing
can allow you to do

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is build colorful layered
pictures of our lives.

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And with this, we can get the skinny
on our psychological happenings

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and build a story
of our behaviors over time.

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We can begin to see the underlying
narratives that propel us forward

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and tell us about what's going on.

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And from this, we can learn
how to change the plot, the outcome

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and the character of our personal stories.

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Two millennia ago, those Greeks
had some powerful insights.

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They knew that a fundamental
piece falls into place

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when you start to live
out their little phrase,

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when you come into contact with yourself.

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They understood the power
of human narrative

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and the value that we place on humans
as changing, evolving and growing.

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But they understood something
more fundamental...

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The sheer joy in discovery,

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the delight and fascination
that we get from the world

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and being ourselves in it;

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the richness that we get from seeing,
feeling and knowing the lives that we are.

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My mom's an artist,

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and as a child, I'd often see her bring
things to life with the stroke of a brush.

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One moment, it was
all white space, pure possibility.

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The next, it was alive
with her colorful ideas and expressions.

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As I sat easel-side, watching her
transform canvas after canvas,

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I learned that you could
create your own world.

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I learned that our own inner worlds...

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Our ideas, emotions and imaginations...

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Were, in fact, not bound
by our brains and bodies.

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If you could think it,
if you could discover it,

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you could bring it to life.

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To me, thought-controlled computing

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is as simple and powerful
as a paintbrush...

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One more tool to unlock and enliven
the hidden worlds within us.

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I look forward to the day
that I can sit beside you, easel-side,

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watching the world that we can create
with our new toolboxes

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and the discoveries
that we can make about ourselves.

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Thank you.

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(Applause)