[Script Info] Title: [Events] Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text Dialogue: 0,0:00:10.85,0:00:13.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All right, Portland, wow.\NThank you so much for having me. Dialogue: 0,0:00:14.04,0:00:15.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I love visiting this city.s Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.52,0:00:18.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean, where else in the world\Ncan I have breakfast like this. Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.65,0:00:20.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter) Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.34,0:00:23.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And clearly, this is\Na very creative place. Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.82,0:00:25.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter) Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.14,0:00:27.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How many of you are creatives, Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.45,0:00:31.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,designers, engineers,\Nentrepreneurs, artists, Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.10,0:00:33.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or maybe you just have\Na really big imagination? Dialogue: 0,0:00:33.51,0:00:35.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Show of hands? (Cheers) Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.38,0:00:36.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's most of you. Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.73,0:00:40.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I have some news for us creatives. Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.11,0:00:43.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Over the course of the next 20 years, Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.87,0:00:48.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,more will change around\Nthe way we do our work Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.78,0:00:51.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than has happened in the last 2,000. Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.77,0:00:57.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, I think we're at the dawn\Nof a new age in human history. Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.04,0:01:02.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, there have been four major historical\Neras defined by the way we work. Dialogue: 0,0:01:03.80,0:01:07.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Hunter-Gatherer Age\Nlasted several million years. Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.56,0:01:11.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then the Agricultural Age\Nlasted several thousand years. Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.40,0:01:14.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Industrial Age\Nlasted a couple of centuries. Dialogue: 0,0:01:14.92,0:01:18.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And now the Information Age\Nhas lasted just a few decades. Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.23,0:01:24.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And now today, we're on the cusp\Nof our next great era as a species. Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.51,0:01:28.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Welcome to the Augmented Age. Dialogue: 0,0:01:28.21,0:01:31.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In this new era, your natural human\Ncapabilities are going to be augmented Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.93,0:01:34.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by computational systems\Nthat help you think, Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.12,0:01:37.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,robotic systems that help you make, Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.33,0:01:38.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and a digital nervous system Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.00,0:01:42.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that connects you to the world\Nfar beyond your natural senses. Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.95,0:01:46.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's start with cognitive augmentation. Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.91,0:01:49.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How many of you are augmented cyborgs? Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.27,0:01:51.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter) Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.57,0:01:53.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's three or four of you, Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.11,0:01:54.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's just because it's Portland. Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.82,0:01:58.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter) Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.05,0:01:59.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yeah, keep it weird. Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.26,0:02:01.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter) Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.57,0:02:04.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I would actually argue\Nthat we're already augmented. Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.05,0:02:06.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Imagine you're at a party, Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.58,0:02:10.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and somebody asks you a question\Nthat you don't know the answer to. Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.12,0:02:13.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you have one of these,\Nin a few seconds, you can know the answer. Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.63,0:02:16.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But this is just a primitive beginning. Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.62,0:02:20.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Even Siri is just a passive tool. Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.42,0:02:24.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, for the last\Nthree-and-a-half million years, Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.82,0:02:28.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the tools that we've had\Nhave been completely passive. Dialogue: 0,0:02:29.56,0:02:33.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They do exactly what we tell them\Nand nothing more. Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.24,0:02:36.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Our very first tool\Nonly cut where we struck it. Dialogue: 0,0:02:37.38,0:02:40.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The chisel only carves\Nwhere the artist points it. Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.82,0:02:46.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And even our most advanced tools\Ndo nothing without our explicit direction. Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.60,0:02:50.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, to date, and this\Nis something that frustrates me, Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.80,0:02:52.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we've always been limited Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.28,0:02:55.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by this need to manually\Npush our wills into our tools -- Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.80,0:02:58.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like, manual, literally using our hands, Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.12,0:02:59.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even with computers. Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.66,0:03:03.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I'm more like Scotty in "Star Trek." Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.15,0:03:04.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter) Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.02,0:03:07.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I want to have a conversation\Nwith a computer. Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.19,0:03:10.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I want to say, "Computer,\Nlet's design a car," Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.19,0:03:11.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the computer shows me a car. Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.75,0:03:14.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I say, "No, more fast-looking,\Nand less German," Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.38,0:03:16.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and bang, the computer shows me an option. Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.57,0:03:18.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter) Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.80,0:03:21.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That conversation might be\Na little ways off, Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.13,0:03:23.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,probably less than many of us think, Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.82,0:03:25.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but right now, Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.60,0:03:26.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we're working on it. Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.78,0:03:30.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Tools are making this leap\Nfrom being passive to being generative. Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.42,0:03:36.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Generative design tools\Nuse a computer and algorithms Dialogue: 0,0:03:36.09,0:03:38.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to synthesize geometry Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.92,0:03:41.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to come up with new designs\Nall by themselves. Dialogue: 0,0:03:42.13,0:03:44.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All it needs are your goals\Nand your constraints. Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.90,0:03:46.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'll give you an example. Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.33,0:03:49.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the case of this aerial drone chassis, Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.14,0:03:51.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all you would need to do\Nis tell it something like, Dialogue: 0,0:03:51.79,0:03:53.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it has four propellers, Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.09,0:03:55.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you want it to be\Nas lightweight as possible, Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.24,0:03:57.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you need it to be\Naerodynamically efficient. Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.54,0:04:02.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then what the computer does\Nis it explores the entire solution space: Dialogue: 0,0:04:02.48,0:04:06.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,every single possibility that solves\Nand meets your criteria -- Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.43,0:04:07.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,millions of them. Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.89,0:04:09.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It takes big computers to do this. Dialogue: 0,0:04:09.89,0:04:11.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it comes back to us with designs Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.87,0:04:15.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we, by ourselves,\Nnever could've imagined. Dialogue: 0,0:04:15.46,0:04:18.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the computer's coming up\Nwith this stuff all by itself -- Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.39,0:04:20.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,no one ever drew anything, Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.09,0:04:22.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it started completely from scratch. Dialogue: 0,0:04:23.17,0:04:25.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And by the way, it's no accident Dialogue: 0,0:04:25.58,0:04:29.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the drone body looks just like\Nthe pelvis of a flying squirrel. Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.23,0:04:32.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter) Dialogue: 0,0:04:32.17,0:04:34.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's because the algorithms\Nare designed to work Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.50,0:04:36.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the same way evolution does. Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.04,0:04:39.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What's exciting is we're starting\Nto see this technology Dialogue: 0,0:04:39.73,0:04:40.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,out in the real world. Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.91,0:04:43.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We've been working with Airbus\Nfor a couple of years Dialogue: 0,0:04:43.39,0:04:45.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on this concept plane for the future. Dialogue: 0,0:04:45.32,0:04:47.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a ways out still. Dialogue: 0,0:04:47.42,0:04:51.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But just recently we used\Na generative-design AI Dialogue: 0,0:04:51.22,0:04:53.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to come up with this. Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.94,0:04:59.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is a 3D-printed cabin partition\Nthat's been designed by a computer. Dialogue: 0,0:04:59.12,0:05:01.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's stronger than the original\Nyet half the weight, Dialogue: 0,0:05:01.96,0:05:05.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it will be flying\Nin the Airbus A320 later this year. Dialogue: 0,0:05:06.84,0:05:09.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So computers can now generate; Dialogue: 0,0:05:09.05,0:05:13.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they can come up with their own solutions\Nto our well-defined problems. Dialogue: 0,0:05:14.74,0:05:16.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But they're not intuitive. Dialogue: 0,0:05:16.07,0:05:19.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They still have to start from scratch\Nevery single time, Dialogue: 0,0:05:19.18,0:05:21.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that's because they never learn. Dialogue: 0,0:05:22.77,0:05:24.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Unlike Maggie. Dialogue: 0,0:05:24.56,0:05:26.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter) Dialogue: 0,0:05:26.16,0:05:29.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Maggie's actually smarter\Nthan our most advanced design tools. Dialogue: 0,0:05:29.87,0:05:31.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What do I mean by that? Dialogue: 0,0:05:31.39,0:05:32.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If her owner picks up that leash, Dialogue: 0,0:05:33.00,0:05:35.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Maggie knows with a fair\Ndegree of certainty Dialogue: 0,0:05:35.10,0:05:36.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's time to go for a walk. Dialogue: 0,0:05:36.52,0:05:37.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And how did she learn? Dialogue: 0,0:05:37.73,0:05:41.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, every time the owner picked up\Nthe leash, they went for a walk. Dialogue: 0,0:05:41.08,0:05:42.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And Maggie did three things: Dialogue: 0,0:05:42.98,0:05:44.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,she had to pay attention, Dialogue: 0,0:05:44.88,0:05:46.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,she had to remember what happened Dialogue: 0,0:05:46.98,0:05:51.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and she had to retain and create\Na pattern in her mind. Dialogue: 0,0:05:51.89,0:05:53.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Interestingly, that's exactly what Dialogue: 0,0:05:54.01,0:05:56.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,computer scientists\Nhave been trying to get AIs to do Dialogue: 0,0:05:56.56,0:05:58.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for the last 60 or so years. Dialogue: 0,0:05:59.78,0:06:01.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Back in 1952, Dialogue: 0,0:06:01.16,0:06:04.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they built this computer\Nthat could play tic-tac-toe. Dialogue: 0,0:06:06.18,0:06:07.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Big deal. Dialogue: 0,0:06:08.13,0:06:11.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then 45 years later, in 1997, Dialogue: 0,0:06:11.15,0:06:13.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Deep Blue beats Kasparov at chess. Dialogue: 0,0:06:15.15,0:06:20.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,2011, Watson beats these two\Nhumans at Jeopardy, Dialogue: 0,0:06:20.14,0:06:23.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is much harder for a computer\Nto play than chess is. Dialogue: 0,0:06:23.09,0:06:26.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, rather than working\Nfrom predefined recipes, Dialogue: 0,0:06:26.93,0:06:30.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Watson had to use reasoning\Nto overcome his human opponents. Dialogue: 0,0:06:31.49,0:06:33.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then a couple of weeks ago, Dialogue: 0,0:06:33.96,0:06:38.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,DeepMind's AlphaGo beats\Nthe world's best human at Go, Dialogue: 0,0:06:38.24,0:06:40.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is the most difficult\Ngame that we have. Dialogue: 0,0:06:40.48,0:06:43.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, in Go, there are more\Npossible moves Dialogue: 0,0:06:43.100,0:06:46.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than there are atoms in the universe. Dialogue: 0,0:06:47.91,0:06:49.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So in order to win, Dialogue: 0,0:06:49.76,0:06:52.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what AlphaGo had to do\Nwas develop intuition. Dialogue: 0,0:06:52.80,0:06:56.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in fact, at some points,\NAlphaGo's programmers didn't understand Dialogue: 0,0:06:56.93,0:06:59.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,why AlphaGo was doing what it was doing. Dialogue: 0,0:07:01.15,0:07:02.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And things are moving really fast. Dialogue: 0,0:07:02.84,0:07:06.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean, consider --\Nin the space of a human lifetime, Dialogue: 0,0:07:06.09,0:07:08.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,computers have gone from a child's game Dialogue: 0,0:07:09.62,0:07:12.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to what's recognized as the pinnacle\Nof strategic thought. Dialogue: 0,0:07:13.70,0:07:16.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What's basically happening Dialogue: 0,0:07:16.14,0:07:19.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is computers are going\Nfrom being like Spock ... Dialogue: 0,0:07:20.47,0:07:22.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to being a lot more like Kirk. Dialogue: 0,0:07:22.45,0:07:26.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter) Dialogue: 0,0:07:26.09,0:07:29.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Right? From pure logic to intuition. Dialogue: 0,0:07:31.58,0:07:33.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Would you cross this bridge? Dialogue: 0,0:07:34.01,0:07:36.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Most of you are saying, "Oh, hell no!" Dialogue: 0,0:07:36.36,0:07:37.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter) Dialogue: 0,0:07:37.69,0:07:40.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you arrived at that decision\Nin a split second. Dialogue: 0,0:07:40.37,0:07:42.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You just sort of knew\Nthat bridge was unsafe. Dialogue: 0,0:07:42.82,0:07:44.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that's exactly the kind of intuition Dialogue: 0,0:07:44.83,0:07:48.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that our deep-learning systems\Nare starting to develop right now. Dialogue: 0,0:07:49.12,0:07:50.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Very soon, you'll literally be able Dialogue: 0,0:07:50.85,0:07:53.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to show something you've made,\Nyou've designed, to a computer, Dialogue: 0,0:07:53.81,0:07:55.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it will look at it and say, Dialogue: 0,0:07:55.46,0:07:58.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Sorry, homie, that'll never work.\NYou have to try again." Dialogue: 0,0:07:59.25,0:08:02.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or you could ask it if people\Nare going to like your next song, Dialogue: 0,0:08:03.17,0:08:05.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or your next flavor of ice cream. Dialogue: 0,0:08:06.95,0:08:09.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or, much more importantly, Dialogue: 0,0:08:09.55,0:08:11.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you could work with a computer\Nto solve a problem Dialogue: 0,0:08:11.94,0:08:13.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we've never faced before. Dialogue: 0,0:08:13.60,0:08:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For instance, climate change. Dialogue: 0,0:08:15.03,0:08:17.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're not doing\Na very good job on our own, Dialogue: 0,0:08:17.07,0:08:19.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we could certainly use\Nall the help we can get. Dialogue: 0,0:08:19.34,0:08:20.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's what I'm talking about, Dialogue: 0,0:08:20.82,0:08:23.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,technology amplifying\Nour cognitive abilities Dialogue: 0,0:08:23.40,0:08:26.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so we can imagine and design things\Nthat were simply out of our reach Dialogue: 0,0:08:26.98,0:08:29.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as plain old un-augmented humans. Dialogue: 0,0:08:31.38,0:08:34.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So what about making\Nall of this crazy new stuff Dialogue: 0,0:08:34.35,0:08:36.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we're going to invent and design? Dialogue: 0,0:08:37.35,0:08:41.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think the era of human augmentation\Nis as much about the physical world Dialogue: 0,0:08:41.47,0:08:44.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as it is about the virtual,\Nintellectual realm. Dialogue: 0,0:08:45.23,0:08:47.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How will technology augment us? Dialogue: 0,0:08:47.56,0:08:50.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the physical world, robotic systems. Dialogue: 0,0:08:51.62,0:08:53.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,OK, there's certainly a fear Dialogue: 0,0:08:53.38,0:08:55.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that robots are going to take\Njobs away from humans, Dialogue: 0,0:08:55.89,0:08:57.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that is true in certain sectors. Dialogue: 0,0:08:58.17,0:09:01.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I'm much more interested in this idea Dialogue: 0,0:09:01.08,0:09:06.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that humans and robots working together\Nare going to augment each other, Dialogue: 0,0:09:06.11,0:09:08.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and start to inhabit a new space. Dialogue: 0,0:09:08.19,0:09:10.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is our applied research lab\Nin San Francisco, Dialogue: 0,0:09:10.58,0:09:13.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where one of our areas of focus\Nis advanced robotics, Dialogue: 0,0:09:13.74,0:09:16.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,specifically, human-robot collaboration. Dialogue: 0,0:09:17.03,0:09:19.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this is Bishop, one of our robots. Dialogue: 0,0:09:19.82,0:09:21.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As an experiment, we set it up Dialogue: 0,0:09:21.63,0:09:25.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to help a person working in construction\Ndoing repetitive tasks -- Dialogue: 0,0:09:25.98,0:09:30.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,tasks like cutting out holes for outlets\Nor light switches in drywall. Dialogue: 0,0:09:30.20,0:09:32.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter) Dialogue: 0,0:09:33.88,0:09:36.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, Bishop's human partner\Ncan tell what to do in plain English Dialogue: 0,0:09:37.01,0:09:38.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and with simple gestures, Dialogue: 0,0:09:38.34,0:09:39.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,kind of like talking to a dog, Dialogue: 0,0:09:39.81,0:09:41.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then Bishop executes\Non those instructions Dialogue: 0,0:09:41.98,0:09:43.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with perfect precision. Dialogue: 0,0:09:43.90,0:09:46.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're using the human\Nfor what the human is good at: Dialogue: 0,0:09:46.91,0:09:49.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,awareness, perception and decision making. Dialogue: 0,0:09:49.26,0:09:51.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we're using the robot\Nfor what it's good at: Dialogue: 0,0:09:51.53,0:09:53.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,precision and repetitiveness. Dialogue: 0,0:09:54.25,0:09:56.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here's another cool project\Nthat Bishop worked on. Dialogue: 0,0:09:56.64,0:09:59.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The goal of this project,\Nwhich we called the HIVE, Dialogue: 0,0:09:59.74,0:10:03.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was to prototype the experience\Nof humans, computers and robots Dialogue: 0,0:10:03.62,0:10:06.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all working together to solve\Na highly complex design problem. Dialogue: 0,0:10:07.79,0:10:09.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The humans acted as labor. Dialogue: 0,0:10:09.27,0:10:12.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They cruised around the construction site,\Nthey manipulated the bamboo -- Dialogue: 0,0:10:12.76,0:10:15.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which, by the way,\Nbecause it's a non-isomorphic material, Dialogue: 0,0:10:15.54,0:10:17.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is super hard for robots to deal with. Dialogue: 0,0:10:17.54,0:10:19.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But then the robots\Ndid this fiber winding, Dialogue: 0,0:10:19.89,0:10:22.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which was almost impossible\Nfor a human to do. Dialogue: 0,0:10:22.36,0:10:25.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then we had an AI\Nthat was controlling everything. Dialogue: 0,0:10:26.11,0:10:29.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was telling the humans what to do,\Ntelling the robots what to do Dialogue: 0,0:10:29.42,0:10:32.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and keeping track of thousands\Nof individual components. Dialogue: 0,0:10:32.36,0:10:33.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What's interesting is, Dialogue: 0,0:10:33.57,0:10:36.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,building this pavilion\Nwas simply not possible Dialogue: 0,0:10:36.73,0:10:41.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,without human, robot and AI\Naugmenting each other. Dialogue: 0,0:10:42.39,0:10:45.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,OK, I'll share one more project.\NThis one's a little bit crazy. Dialogue: 0,0:10:47.73,0:10:52.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're working with Amsterdam-based artist\NJoris Laarman and his team at MX3D Dialogue: 0,0:10:53.53,0:10:56.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to generatively design\Nand robotically print Dialogue: 0,0:10:56.43,0:10:59.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the world's first autonomously\Nmanufactured bridge. Dialogue: 0,0:11:01.02,0:11:04.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, Joris and an AI are designing\Nthis thing right now, as we speak, Dialogue: 0,0:11:04.72,0:11:05.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in Amsterdam. Dialogue: 0,0:11:06.62,0:11:09.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when they're done,\Nwe're going to hit "Go," Dialogue: 0,0:11:09.24,0:11:12.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and robots will start 3D printing\Nin stainless steel, Dialogue: 0,0:11:12.57,0:11:15.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then they're going to keep printing,\Nwithout human intervention, Dialogue: 0,0:11:15.88,0:11:17.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,until the bridge is finished. Dialogue: 0,0:11:18.77,0:11:21.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, as computers are going\Nto augment our ability Dialogue: 0,0:11:21.72,0:11:23.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to imagine and design new stuff, Dialogue: 0,0:11:23.90,0:11:26.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,robotic systems are going to help us\Nbuild and make things Dialogue: 0,0:11:26.81,0:11:28.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we've never been able to make before. Dialogue: 0,0:11:30.02,0:11:34.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But what about our ability\Nto sense and control these things? Dialogue: 0,0:11:34.20,0:11:38.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What about a nervous system\Nfor the things that we make? Dialogue: 0,0:11:40.49,0:11:42.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Our nervous system,\Nthe human nervous system, Dialogue: 0,0:11:43.02,0:11:45.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,tells us everything\Nthat's going on around us. Dialogue: 0,0:11:46.09,0:11:49.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the nervous system of the things\Nwe make is rudimentary at best. Dialogue: 0,0:11:49.41,0:11:51.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I would say it's rather\Nshitty, at this point. Dialogue: 0,0:11:51.60,0:11:52.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter) Dialogue: 0,0:11:52.95,0:11:56.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For instance, a car doesn't tell\Nthe city's public works department Dialogue: 0,0:11:56.84,0:11:59.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that it just hit a pothole at the corner\Nof Broadway and Morrison. Dialogue: 0,0:12:01.30,0:12:03.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A building doesn't tell its designers Dialogue: 0,0:12:03.35,0:12:06.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whether or not the people inside\Nlike being there, Dialogue: 0,0:12:07.66,0:12:10.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the toy manufacturer doesn't know Dialogue: 0,0:12:10.69,0:12:12.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if a toy is actually being played with -- Dialogue: 0,0:12:12.72,0:12:15.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how and where and whether\Nor not it's any fun. Dialogue: 0,0:12:15.88,0:12:19.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Look, I'm sure that the designers\Nimagined this lifestyle for Barbie Dialogue: 0,0:12:19.72,0:12:20.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when they designed her. Dialogue: 0,0:12:20.97,0:12:22.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter) Dialogue: 0,0:12:23.24,0:12:26.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But what if it turns out that Barbie's\Nactually really lonely? Dialogue: 0,0:12:26.17,0:12:30.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter) Dialogue: 0,0:12:30.33,0:12:31.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If the designers had known Dialogue: 0,0:12:31.64,0:12:33.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what was really happening\Nin the real world Dialogue: 0,0:12:33.77,0:12:36.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with their designs --\Nthe road, the building, Barbie -- Dialogue: 0,0:12:36.38,0:12:39.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they could've used that knowledge\Nto create an experience Dialogue: 0,0:12:39.09,0:12:40.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that was better for the user. Dialogue: 0,0:12:40.52,0:12:42.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What's missing is a nervous system Dialogue: 0,0:12:42.33,0:12:46.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,connecting us to all of the things\Nthat we design, make and use. Dialogue: 0,0:12:46.98,0:12:50.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What if all of you had that kind\Nof information flowing to you Dialogue: 0,0:12:50.55,0:12:52.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the things you create\Nin the real world? Dialogue: 0,0:12:54.49,0:12:55.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,With all of the stuff we make, Dialogue: 0,0:12:55.97,0:12:58.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we spend a tremendous amount\Nof money and energy -- Dialogue: 0,0:12:58.43,0:13:00.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in fact, last year,\Nabout two trillion dollars -- Dialogue: 0,0:13:00.83,0:13:03.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,convincing people to buy\Nthe things we've made. Dialogue: 0,0:13:03.70,0:13:07.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But if you had this connection\Nto the things that you design and create Dialogue: 0,0:13:07.12,0:13:08.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,after they're out in the real world, Dialogue: 0,0:13:08.87,0:13:12.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,after they've been sold\Nor launched or whatever, Dialogue: 0,0:13:12.50,0:13:14.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we could actually change that, Dialogue: 0,0:13:14.15,0:13:17.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and go from making people want our stuff, Dialogue: 0,0:13:17.62,0:13:21.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to just making stuff that people\Nwant in the first place. Dialogue: 0,0:13:24.48,0:13:27.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The good news is, we're working\Non digital nervous systems Dialogue: 0,0:13:27.29,0:13:30.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that connect us to the things we design. Dialogue: 0,0:13:31.22,0:13:32.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're working on one project Dialogue: 0,0:13:32.88,0:13:37.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with a couple of guys down in Los Angeles\Ncalled the Bandito Brothers Dialogue: 0,0:13:37.91,0:13:39.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and their team. Dialogue: 0,0:13:39.34,0:13:42.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And one of the things these guys do\Nis build insane cars Dialogue: 0,0:13:42.80,0:13:45.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that do absolutely insane things. Dialogue: 0,0:13:47.06,0:13:48.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These guys are crazy -- Dialogue: 0,0:13:48.54,0:13:49.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter) Dialogue: 0,0:13:49.60,0:13:51.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the best way. Dialogue: 0,0:13:54.79,0:13:56.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what we're doing with them Dialogue: 0,0:13:56.58,0:13:59.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is taking a traditional race-car chassis Dialogue: 0,0:13:59.04,0:14:00.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and giving it a nervous system. Dialogue: 0,0:14:00.65,0:14:03.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we instrumented it\Nwith dozens of sensors, Dialogue: 0,0:14:03.80,0:14:06.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,put a world-class driver behind the wheel, Dialogue: 0,0:14:06.45,0:14:09.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,took it out to the desert\Nand drove the hell out of it for a week. Dialogue: 0,0:14:09.84,0:14:12.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the car's nervous system\Ncaptured everything Dialogue: 0,0:14:12.35,0:14:13.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that was happening to the car. Dialogue: 0,0:14:13.86,0:14:16.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We captured four billion data points; Dialogue: 0,0:14:16.50,0:14:18.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all of the forces\Nthat it was subjected to. Dialogue: 0,0:14:18.84,0:14:20.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then we did something crazy. Dialogue: 0,0:14:21.24,0:14:22.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We took all of that data, Dialogue: 0,0:14:22.76,0:14:26.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and plugged it into a generative-design AI\Nwe call "Dreamcatcher." Dialogue: 0,0:14:27.24,0:14:31.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So what do get when you give\Na design tool a nervous system, Dialogue: 0,0:14:31.23,0:14:34.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you ask it to build you\Nthe ultimate car chassis? Dialogue: 0,0:14:34.69,0:14:36.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You get this. Dialogue: 0,0:14:38.26,0:14:41.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is something that a human\Ncould never have designed. Dialogue: 0,0:14:42.68,0:14:44.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Except a human did design this, Dialogue: 0,0:14:44.59,0:14:48.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it was a human that was augmented\Nby a generative-design AI, Dialogue: 0,0:14:48.92,0:14:50.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a digital nervous system Dialogue: 0,0:14:50.18,0:14:53.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and robots that can actually\Nfabricate something like this. Dialogue: 0,0:14:54.15,0:14:57.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So if this is the future,\Nthe Augmented Age, Dialogue: 0,0:14:57.77,0:15:02.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we're going to be augmented\Ncognitively, physically and perceptually, Dialogue: 0,0:15:02.05,0:15:03.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what will that look like? Dialogue: 0,0:15:04.05,0:15:06.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What is this wonderland going to be like? Dialogue: 0,0:15:08.29,0:15:10.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think we're going to see a world Dialogue: 0,0:15:10.92,0:15:13.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where we're moving\Nfrom things that are fabricated Dialogue: 0,0:15:15.10,0:15:16.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to things that are farmed. Dialogue: 0,0:15:18.43,0:15:22.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Where we're moving from things\Nthat are constructed Dialogue: 0,0:15:22.40,0:15:24.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to that which is grown. Dialogue: 0,0:15:26.50,0:15:28.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're going to move from being isolated Dialogue: 0,0:15:29.66,0:15:31.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to being connected. Dialogue: 0,0:15:33.10,0:15:36.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we'll move away from extraction Dialogue: 0,0:15:36.04,0:15:37.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to embrace aggregation. Dialogue: 0,0:15:40.44,0:15:44.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I also think we'll shift\Nfrom craving obedience from our things Dialogue: 0,0:15:45.13,0:15:46.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to valuing autonomy. Dialogue: 0,0:15:49.48,0:15:51.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thanks to our augmented capabilities, Dialogue: 0,0:15:51.41,0:15:53.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our world is going to change dramatically. Dialogue: 0,0:15:54.70,0:15:58.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think a good analogy is the incredible\Nmicrocosm of a coral reef. Dialogue: 0,0:15:58.84,0:16:02.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're going to have a world\Nwith more variety, more connectedness, Dialogue: 0,0:16:02.11,0:16:04.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,more dynamism, more complexity, Dialogue: 0,0:16:04.42,0:16:06.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,more adaptability and, of course, Dialogue: 0,0:16:06.76,0:16:07.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,more beauty. Dialogue: 0,0:16:08.74,0:16:10.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The shape of things to come Dialogue: 0,0:16:10.33,0:16:12.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will be unlike anything\Nwe've ever seen before. Dialogue: 0,0:16:12.64,0:16:13.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why? Dialogue: 0,0:16:13.83,0:16:17.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because what will be shaping those things\Nis this new partnership Dialogue: 0,0:16:17.60,0:16:21.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between technology, nature and humanity. Dialogue: 0,0:16:22.79,0:16:26.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That, to me, is a future\Nwell worth looking forward to. Dialogue: 0,0:16:26.62,0:16:27.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you all so much. Dialogue: 0,0:16:27.91,0:16:34.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)