[Script Info] Title: [Events] Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.36,0:00:18.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is the ocean as I used to know it. Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.22,0:00:23.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I find that since I've been\Nin the Gulf a couple of times, Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.46,0:00:27.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I really kind of am traumatized\Nbecause whenever I look at the ocean now, Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.99,0:00:30.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,no matter where I am, Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.47,0:00:34.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even where I know\Nthat none of the oil has gone, Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.40,0:00:36.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I sort of see slicks, Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.40,0:00:40.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I'm finding that I'm very much\Nhaunted by it. Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.07,0:00:44.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But what I want to talk to you about today Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.29,0:00:47.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is a lot of things that try\Nto put all of this in context, Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.84,0:00:53.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not just about the oil eruption,\Nbut what it means and why it has happened. Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.84,0:00:55.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,First, just a little bit about me. Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.50,0:00:58.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm basically just a guy\Nthat likes to go fishing Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.03,0:01:00.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ever since I was a little kid,\Nand because I did, Dialogue: 0,0:01:01.01,0:01:03.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I wound up studying sea birds Dialogue: 0,0:01:03.10,0:01:06.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to try to stay in the coastal habitats\Nthat I so loved. Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.55,0:01:11.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And now I mainly write books\Nabout how the ocean is changing, Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.16,0:01:14.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the ocean is certainly\Nchanging very rapidly. Dialogue: 0,0:01:14.08,0:01:19.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now we saw this graphic earlier on,\Nthat we really live on a hard marble Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.92,0:01:23.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that has just a slight bit\Nof wetness to it. Dialogue: 0,0:01:23.40,0:01:25.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's like you dipped a marble in water. Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.67,0:01:27.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the same thing with the atmosphere: Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.76,0:01:30.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you took all the atmosphere\Nand rolled it up in a ball, Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.01,0:01:33.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you would get that little sphere\Nof gas on the right. Dialogue: 0,0:01:33.95,0:01:39.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we live on the most fragile\Nlittle soap bubble you can imagine, Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.20,0:01:43.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a very sacred soap bubble,\Nbut one that is very, very easy to affect. Dialogue: 0,0:01:43.99,0:01:48.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And all the burning of oil and coal\Nand gas, all the fossil fuels, Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.86,0:01:51.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have changed the atmosphere greatly. Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.05,0:01:53.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Carbon dioxide level\Nhas gone up and up and up. Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.100,0:01:56.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're warming the climate. Dialogue: 0,0:01:56.34,0:01:58.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the blowout in the Gulf Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.37,0:02:02.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is just a little piece\Nof a much larger problem Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.54,0:02:06.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we have with the energy\Nthat we use to run civilization. Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.64,0:02:08.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Beyond warming, Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.10,0:02:11.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we have the problem\Nof the oceans getting more acidified... Dialogue: 0,0:02:11.81,0:02:15.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And already measurably so,\Nand already affecting animals. Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.60,0:02:23.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now in the laboratory, if you take a clam\Nand you put it in the pH that is not 8.1, Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.05,0:02:26.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is the normal pH\Nof seawater, but 7.5, Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.80,0:02:29.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it dissolves in about three days. Dialogue: 0,0:02:29.43,0:02:33.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you take a sea urchin larva from 8.1, Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.25,0:02:37.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,put it in a pH of 7.7...\NNot a huge change... Dialogue: 0,0:02:37.57,0:02:40.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It becomes deformed and dies. Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.24,0:02:47.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Already, commercial oyster larvae\Nare dying at large scales in some places. Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.65,0:02:51.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Coral reefs are growing slower\Nin some places because of this problem. Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.01,0:02:53.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this really matters. Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.64,0:02:57.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, let's take a little tour\Naround the Gulf a little bit. Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.02,0:03:01.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One of the things that really impresses me\Nabout the people in the Gulf: Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.44,0:03:03.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They are really, really aquatic people. Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.75,0:03:05.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they can handle water. Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.40,0:03:08.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They can handle a hurricane\Nthat comes and goes. Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.06,0:03:10.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When the water goes down,\Nthey know what to do. Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.40,0:03:15.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But when it's something other than water,\Nand their water habitat changes, Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.18,0:03:16.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they don't have many options. Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.85,0:03:20.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, those entire communities\Nreally don't have many options. Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.94,0:03:23.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They don't have another thing they can do. Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.60,0:03:27.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They can't go and work\Nin the local hotel business Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.69,0:03:30.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because there isn't one\Nin their community. Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.92,0:03:36.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you go to the Gulf and you look around,\Nyou do see a lot of oil. Dialogue: 0,0:03:36.40,0:03:38.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You see a lot of oil on the ocean. Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.28,0:03:40.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You see a lot of oil on the shoreline. Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.40,0:03:44.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you go to the site of the blowout,\Nit looks pretty unbelievable. Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.40,0:03:47.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It looks like you just emptied\Nthe oil pan in your car, Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.40,0:03:49.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you just dumped it in the ocean. Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.70,0:03:52.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And one of the really\Nmost incredible things, I think, Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.58,0:03:56.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that there's nobody out there\Ntrying to collect it Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.18,0:03:58.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at the site where it is densest. Dialogue: 0,0:03:59.80,0:04:03.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Parts of the ocean there\Nlook just absolutely apocalyptic. Dialogue: 0,0:04:05.96,0:04:09.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You go in along the shore,\Nyou can find it everywhere. Dialogue: 0,0:04:10.46,0:04:11.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's really messy. Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.64,0:04:14.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you go to the places\Nwhere it's just arriving, Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.03,0:04:16.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like the eastern part\Nof the Gulf, in Alabama, Dialogue: 0,0:04:16.49,0:04:18.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there's still people using the beach Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.40,0:04:20.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,while there are people\Ncleaning up the beach. Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.57,0:04:23.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they have a very strange\Nway of cleaning up the beach. Dialogue: 0,0:04:23.31,0:04:25.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're not allowed to put\Nmore than 10 pounds of sand Dialogue: 0,0:04:25.100,0:04:27.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a 50-gallon plastic bag. Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.73,0:04:30.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They have thousands\Nand thousands of plastic bags. Dialogue: 0,0:04:30.11,0:04:32.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't know what they'll do\Nwith all that stuff. Dialogue: 0,0:04:32.42,0:04:35.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Meanwhile, there are still\Npeople trying to use the beach. Dialogue: 0,0:04:35.17,0:04:37.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They don't see the sign\Nthat says: "Stay out of the water." Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.97,0:04:39.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Their kids are in the water; Dialogue: 0,0:04:39.42,0:04:42.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they're getting tar all over\Ntheir clothes and their sandals... Dialogue: 0,0:04:42.48,0:04:43.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a mess. Dialogue: 0,0:04:43.71,0:04:47.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you go to where the oil has been\Nfor a while, it's an even bigger mess. Dialogue: 0,0:04:47.24,0:04:49.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And there's basically\Nnobody there anymore, Dialogue: 0,0:04:49.65,0:04:52.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a few people trying to keep using it. Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.06,0:04:55.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You see people who are really\Nshell-shocked. Dialogue: 0,0:04:55.42,0:04:57.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They are very hardworking people. Dialogue: 0,0:04:57.43,0:05:00.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All they know about life\Nis they get up in the morning, Dialogue: 0,0:05:00.07,0:05:02.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and if their engine starts,\Nthey go to work. Dialogue: 0,0:05:02.39,0:05:06.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They always felt that\Nthey could rely on the assurances Dialogue: 0,0:05:06.70,0:05:09.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that nature brought them\Nthrough the ecosystem of the Gulf. Dialogue: 0,0:05:10.01,0:05:12.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're finding that their world\Nis really collapsing. Dialogue: 0,0:05:12.83,0:05:18.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so you can see, literally,\Nsigns of their shock... Dialogue: 0,0:05:20.30,0:05:22.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,signs of their outrage... Dialogue: 0,0:05:25.92,0:05:27.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,signs of their anger... Dialogue: 0,0:05:32.62,0:05:35.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and signs of their grief. Dialogue: 0,0:05:36.13,0:05:38.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These are the things that you can see. Dialogue: 0,0:05:40.30,0:05:43.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's a lot you can't see,\Nalso, underwater. Dialogue: 0,0:05:44.93,0:05:46.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What's going on underwater? Dialogue: 0,0:05:46.82,0:05:50.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, some people say\Nthere are oil plumes. Dialogue: 0,0:05:50.45,0:05:53.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some people say there are not oil plumes. Dialogue: 0,0:05:54.12,0:05:56.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And Congressman Markey asks, you know, Dialogue: 0,0:05:56.50,0:06:01.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Is it going to take a submarine ride\Nto see if there are really oil plumes?" Dialogue: 0,0:06:02.03,0:06:03.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I couldn't take a submarine ride... Dialogue: 0,0:06:03.96,0:06:08.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Especially between the time I knew\NI was coming here and today... Dialogue: 0,0:06:08.08,0:06:11.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I had to do a little experiment myself Dialogue: 0,0:06:11.30,0:06:13.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to see if there was oil\Nin the Gulf of Mexico. Dialogue: 0,0:06:13.71,0:06:15.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this is the Gulf of Mexico... Dialogue: 0,0:06:16.64,0:06:18.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sparkling place full of fish. Dialogue: 0,0:06:19.71,0:06:22.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I created a little oil spill\Nin the Gulf of Mexico. Dialogue: 0,0:06:23.17,0:06:25.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I learned, in fact,\NI confirmed the hypothesis Dialogue: 0,0:06:25.90,0:06:28.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that oil and water don't mix... Dialogue: 0,0:06:29.61,0:06:31.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,until you add a dispersant... Dialogue: 0,0:06:33.39,0:06:34.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then... Dialogue: 0,0:06:36.19,0:06:37.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they start mixing. Dialogue: 0,0:06:38.71,0:06:42.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you add a little energy\Nfrom the wind and the waves, Dialogue: 0,0:06:42.95,0:06:46.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you get a big mess, Dialogue: 0,0:06:46.27,0:06:49.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a big mess that you can't possibly clean, Dialogue: 0,0:06:49.43,0:06:52.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can't touch, you can't extract Dialogue: 0,0:06:52.48,0:06:55.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and, I think most importantly...\NThis is what I think... Dialogue: 0,0:06:55.77,0:06:57.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can't see it. Dialogue: 0,0:06:57.30,0:07:00.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think it's being hidden on purpose. Dialogue: 0,0:07:00.66,0:07:03.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now this is such a catastrophe\Nand such a mess Dialogue: 0,0:07:03.30,0:07:06.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that lots of stuff is leaking out\Non the edges of the information stream. Dialogue: 0,0:07:06.99,0:07:08.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But as many people have said, Dialogue: 0,0:07:08.68,0:07:11.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there's a large attempt\Nto suppress what's going on. Dialogue: 0,0:07:11.81,0:07:18.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Personally, I think that the dispersants\Nare a major strategy to hide the body, Dialogue: 0,0:07:18.80,0:07:21.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because we put the murderer\Nin charge of the crime scene. Dialogue: 0,0:07:22.87,0:07:24.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But you can see it. Dialogue: 0,0:07:24.30,0:07:28.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can see where the oil\Nis concentrated at the surface, Dialogue: 0,0:07:28.51,0:07:31.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then it is attacked, Dialogue: 0,0:07:31.17,0:07:34.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because they don't want\Nthe evidence, in my opinion. Dialogue: 0,0:07:34.68,0:07:35.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,OK. Dialogue: 0,0:07:36.20,0:07:38.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We heard that bacteria eat oil? Dialogue: 0,0:07:38.72,0:07:40.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So do sea turtles. Dialogue: 0,0:07:40.82,0:07:42.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When it breaks up, Dialogue: 0,0:07:42.26,0:07:45.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it has a long way to go\Nbefore it gets down to bacteria. Dialogue: 0,0:07:46.20,0:07:49.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Turtles eat it.\NIt gets in the gills of fish. Dialogue: 0,0:07:49.30,0:07:51.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These guys have to swim around through it. Dialogue: 0,0:07:51.58,0:07:56.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I heard the most incredible story today\Nwhen I was on the train coming here. Dialogue: 0,0:07:56.100,0:07:59.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A writer named Ted Williams called me, Dialogue: 0,0:07:59.82,0:08:02.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he was asking me\Na couple of questions about what I saw, Dialogue: 0,0:08:02.73,0:08:05.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because he's writing an article\Nfor Audubon magazine. Dialogue: 0,0:08:05.90,0:08:09.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He said that he had been in the Gulf\Na little while ago; like about a week ago, Dialogue: 0,0:08:09.67,0:08:13.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and a guy who had\Nbeen a recreational fishing guide Dialogue: 0,0:08:13.61,0:08:16.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,took him out to show him what's going on. Dialogue: 0,0:08:16.30,0:08:21.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That guide's entire calendar year\Nis canceled bookings. Dialogue: 0,0:08:21.30,0:08:23.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He has no bookings left. Dialogue: 0,0:08:23.24,0:08:26.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Everybody wanted their deposit back,\Neverybody is fleeing. Dialogue: 0,0:08:26.30,0:08:28.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's the story of thousands of people. Dialogue: 0,0:08:28.29,0:08:33.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But he told Ted\Nthat on the last day he went out, Dialogue: 0,0:08:33.92,0:08:37.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a bottlenose dolphin\Nsuddenly appeared next to the boat, Dialogue: 0,0:08:38.07,0:08:41.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it was splattering oil\Nout its blowhole. Dialogue: 0,0:08:43.24,0:08:47.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And he moved away\Nbecause it was his last fishing trip, Dialogue: 0,0:08:49.10,0:08:51.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he knew that the dolphins scare fish. Dialogue: 0,0:08:51.30,0:08:55.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So he moved away from it,\Nturned around a few minutes later, Dialogue: 0,0:08:55.21,0:08:57.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it was right next to the side\Nof the boat again. Dialogue: 0,0:08:57.48,0:09:00.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He said that in 30 years of fishing\Nhe had never seen a dolphin do that. Dialogue: 0,0:09:00.92,0:09:02.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And he felt that... Dialogue: 0,0:09:02.99,0:09:04.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Sigh) Dialogue: 0,0:09:04.22,0:09:07.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he felt that it was\Ncoming to ask for help. Dialogue: 0,0:09:08.24,0:09:09.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sorry. Dialogue: 0,0:09:10.69,0:09:14.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, in the Exxon Valdez spill, Dialogue: 0,0:09:15.16,0:09:19.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about 30 percent of the killer whales\Ndied in the first few months. Dialogue: 0,0:09:19.94,0:09:21.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Their numbers have never recovered. Dialogue: 0,0:09:21.88,0:09:26.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the recovery rate of all this stuff\Nis going to be variable. Dialogue: 0,0:09:26.77,0:09:29.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's going to take longer for some things. Dialogue: 0,0:09:29.62,0:09:33.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And some things, I think,\Nwill probably come back a little faster. Dialogue: 0,0:09:33.57,0:09:36.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The other thing about the Gulf\Nthat is important Dialogue: 0,0:09:36.30,0:09:39.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that there are a lot of animals\Nthat concentrate in the Gulf Dialogue: 0,0:09:39.79,0:09:42.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at certain parts of the year. Dialogue: 0,0:09:43.12,0:09:45.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the Gulf is a really\Nimportant piece of water... Dialogue: 0,0:09:45.75,0:09:50.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,More important than a similar volume\Nof water in the open Atlantic Ocean. Dialogue: 0,0:09:51.30,0:09:53.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These tuna swim the entire ocean. Dialogue: 0,0:09:53.30,0:09:56.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They get in the Gulf Stream,\Nthey go all the way to Europe. Dialogue: 0,0:09:56.10,0:09:58.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When it comes time to spawn,\Nthey come inside, Dialogue: 0,0:09:58.29,0:10:00.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and these two tuna that were tagged, Dialogue: 0,0:10:00.04,0:10:02.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can see them on the spawning grounds Dialogue: 0,0:10:02.16,0:10:04.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,very much right in the area of the slick. Dialogue: 0,0:10:04.89,0:10:07.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're probably having,\Nat the very least, Dialogue: 0,0:10:07.40,0:10:10.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a catastrophic spawning season this year. Dialogue: 0,0:10:10.18,0:10:13.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm hoping that maybe the adults\Nare avoiding that dirty water. Dialogue: 0,0:10:14.02,0:10:18.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They don't usually like to go into water\Nthat is very cloudy anyway. Dialogue: 0,0:10:18.45,0:10:22.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But these are really\Nhigh-performance athletic animals. Dialogue: 0,0:10:22.26,0:10:25.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't know what this kind of stuff\Nwill do in their gills. Dialogue: 0,0:10:25.53,0:10:27.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't know if it'll affect the adults. Dialogue: 0,0:10:27.50,0:10:30.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If it's not, it's certainly affecting\Ntheir eggs and larvae, Dialogue: 0,0:10:30.34,0:10:31.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I would certainly think. Dialogue: 0,0:10:31.55,0:10:34.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But if you look at that graph\Nthat goes down and down and down, Dialogue: 0,0:10:34.92,0:10:39.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's what we've done to this species\Nthrough overfishing over many decades. Dialogue: 0,0:10:39.66,0:10:44.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So while the oil spill, the leak,\Nthe eruption, is a catastrophe, Dialogue: 0,0:10:44.84,0:10:47.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think it's important to keep in mind Dialogue: 0,0:10:47.60,0:10:51.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we've done a lot to affect\Nwhat's in the ocean, for a very long time. Dialogue: 0,0:10:51.74,0:10:55.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's not like we're starting\Nwith something that's been OK. Dialogue: 0,0:10:55.10,0:10:57.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're starting with something\Nthat's had a lot of stresses Dialogue: 0,0:10:57.86,0:10:59.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and a lot of problems to begin with. Dialogue: 0,0:10:59.75,0:11:03.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you look around at the birds,\Nthere are a lot of birds in the Gulf Dialogue: 0,0:11:03.80,0:11:06.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that concentrate in the Gulf\Nat certain times of the year, Dialogue: 0,0:11:06.59,0:11:07.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but then leave. Dialogue: 0,0:11:07.90,0:11:10.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they populate much larger areas. Dialogue: 0,0:11:12.69,0:11:16.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For instance, most of the birds\Nin this picture are migratory birds. Dialogue: 0,0:11:16.90,0:11:18.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They were all on the Gulf in May, Dialogue: 0,0:11:18.77,0:11:21.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,while oil was starting\Nto come ashore in certain places. Dialogue: 0,0:11:21.91,0:11:26.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Down on the lower left there\Nare ruddy turnstones and sanderlings. Dialogue: 0,0:11:26.49,0:11:28.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They breed in the High Arctic, Dialogue: 0,0:11:28.23,0:11:30.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they winter\Ndown in southern South America. Dialogue: 0,0:11:30.82,0:11:35.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But they concentrate in the Gulf\Nand then fan out all across the Arctic. Dialogue: 0,0:11:35.66,0:11:38.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I saw birds that breed\Nin Greenland, in the Gulf. Dialogue: 0,0:11:40.15,0:11:43.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this is a hemispheric issue. Dialogue: 0,0:11:43.59,0:11:48.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The economic effects\Ngo at least nationally in many ways. Dialogue: 0,0:11:48.41,0:11:51.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The biological effects\Nare certainly hemispheric. Dialogue: 0,0:11:54.17,0:11:59.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think that this is one of the most\Nabsolutely mind-boggling examples Dialogue: 0,0:11:59.38,0:12:02.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of total unpreparedness\Nthat I can even think of. Dialogue: 0,0:12:02.22,0:12:06.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Even when the Japanese\Nbombed Pearl Harbor, Dialogue: 0,0:12:06.14,0:12:07.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at least they shot back. Dialogue: 0,0:12:07.57,0:12:11.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we just seem to be unable\Nto figure out what to do. Dialogue: 0,0:12:11.68,0:12:15.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There was nothing ready, Dialogue: 0,0:12:15.34,0:12:18.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and, you know, as we can see\Nby what they're doing. Dialogue: 0,0:12:18.75,0:12:21.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Mainly what they're doing\Nis booms and dispersants. Dialogue: 0,0:12:21.54,0:12:25.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The booms are absolutely\Nnot made for open water. Dialogue: 0,0:12:25.32,0:12:30.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They don't even attempt to corral\Nthe oil where it is most concentrated. Dialogue: 0,0:12:30.18,0:12:32.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They get near shore...\NLook at these two boats. Dialogue: 0,0:12:32.44,0:12:35.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That one on the right\Nis called Fishing Fool. Dialogue: 0,0:12:35.09,0:12:37.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I think, you know, that's a great name Dialogue: 0,0:12:37.12,0:12:40.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for boats that think\Nthat they're going to do anything Dialogue: 0,0:12:40.20,0:12:43.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to make a dent in this,\Nby dragging a boom between them Dialogue: 0,0:12:43.30,0:12:46.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when there are literally\Nhundreds of thousands of square miles Dialogue: 0,0:12:46.29,0:12:49.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the Gulf right now\Nwith oil at the surface. Dialogue: 0,0:12:49.19,0:12:52.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The dispersants make the oil\Ngo right under the booms. Dialogue: 0,0:12:52.97,0:12:56.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The booms are only\Nabout 13 inches in diameter. Dialogue: 0,0:12:57.17,0:13:00.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So it's just absolutely crazy. Dialogue: 0,0:13:00.22,0:13:01.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here are shrimp boats employed. Dialogue: 0,0:13:01.94,0:13:05.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are hundreds of shrimp boats\Nemployed to drag booms instead of nets. Dialogue: 0,0:13:05.90,0:13:07.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here they are working. Dialogue: 0,0:13:07.25,0:13:09.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can see easily Dialogue: 0,0:13:09.07,0:13:12.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that all the oily water\Njust goes over the back of the boom. Dialogue: 0,0:13:12.99,0:13:14.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All they're doing is stirring it. Dialogue: 0,0:13:14.96,0:13:16.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's just ridiculous. Dialogue: 0,0:13:18.40,0:13:20.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Also, for all the shoreline\Nthat has booms... Dialogue: 0,0:13:20.53,0:13:22.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hundreds and hundreds\Nof miles of shoreline... Dialogue: 0,0:13:22.73,0:13:24.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All of the shoreline that has booms, Dialogue: 0,0:13:24.53,0:13:27.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there's adjacent shoreline\Nthat doesn't have any booms. Dialogue: 0,0:13:27.24,0:13:32.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There is ample opportunity for oil\Nand dirty water to get in behind them. Dialogue: 0,0:13:32.30,0:13:36.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that lower photo,\Nthat's a bird colony that has been boomed. Dialogue: 0,0:13:36.15,0:13:40.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Everybody's trying to protect\Nthe bird colonies there. Dialogue: 0,0:13:40.74,0:13:45.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, as an ornithologist,\NI can tell you that birds fly, and that... Dialogue: 0,0:13:45.100,0:13:48.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter) Dialogue: 0,0:13:50.97,0:13:56.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that booming a bird colony\Ndoesn't do it; it doesn't do it. Dialogue: 0,0:13:56.30,0:13:59.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These birds make a living\Nby diving into the water. Dialogue: 0,0:14:00.92,0:14:02.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact... Dialogue: 0,0:14:03.44,0:14:06.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,really what I think\Nthey should do, if anything... Dialogue: 0,0:14:06.61,0:14:09.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're trying so hard\Nto protect those nests... Dialogue: 0,0:14:09.77,0:14:12.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Actually, if they destroyed\Nevery single nest, Dialogue: 0,0:14:12.46,0:14:14.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some of the birds would leave, Dialogue: 0,0:14:14.52,0:14:16.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that would be better\Nfor them this year. Dialogue: 0,0:14:17.72,0:14:19.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As far as cleaning them... Dialogue: 0,0:14:20.30,0:14:25.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't mean to cast any aspersion\Non people cleaning birds. Dialogue: 0,0:14:25.26,0:14:29.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's really, really important\Nthat we express our compassion. Dialogue: 0,0:14:29.18,0:14:32.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think that's the most important\Nthing that people have, is compassion. Dialogue: 0,0:14:33.33,0:14:37.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's really important\Nto get those images and to show it. Dialogue: 0,0:14:37.30,0:14:40.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But really, where are those birds\Ngoing to get released to? Dialogue: 0,0:14:40.70,0:14:43.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's like taking somebody\Nout of a burning building, Dialogue: 0,0:14:43.17,0:14:44.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,treating them for smoke inhalation Dialogue: 0,0:14:44.83,0:14:48.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and sending them back into the building,\Nbecause the oil is still gushing. Dialogue: 0,0:14:48.99,0:14:52.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I refuse to acknowledge this\Nas anything like an accident. Dialogue: 0,0:14:52.90,0:14:56.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think that this is the result\Nof gross negligence. Dialogue: 0,0:14:56.51,0:15:01.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause) Dialogue: 0,0:15:01.65,0:15:03.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Not just BP. Dialogue: 0,0:15:03.96,0:15:10.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,BP operated very sloppily\Nand very recklessly because they could. Dialogue: 0,0:15:10.64,0:15:12.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they were allowed to do so Dialogue: 0,0:15:12.61,0:15:17.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because of the absolute failure\Nof oversight of the government Dialogue: 0,0:15:17.02,0:15:21.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that is supposed to be\Nour government, protecting us. Dialogue: 0,0:15:23.60,0:15:25.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It turns out that... Dialogue: 0,0:15:25.14,0:15:28.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You see this sign on every commercial\Nvessel in the United States... Dialogue: 0,0:15:28.39,0:15:30.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, if you spilled\Na couple of gallons of oil, Dialogue: 0,0:15:31.02,0:15:32.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you would be in big trouble. Dialogue: 0,0:15:32.42,0:15:37.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you have to really wonder\Nwho are the laws made for, Dialogue: 0,0:15:37.05,0:15:40.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and who has gotten above the laws. Dialogue: 0,0:15:40.75,0:15:43.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And there are things\Nthat we can do in the future. Dialogue: 0,0:15:43.12,0:15:46.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We could have the kinds of equipment\Nthat we would really need. Dialogue: 0,0:15:46.20,0:15:48.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It would not take\Nan awful lot to anticipate Dialogue: 0,0:15:49.18,0:15:51.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that after making 30,000 holes Dialogue: 0,0:15:51.60,0:15:54.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the sea floor of the Gulf\Nof Mexico looking for oil, Dialogue: 0,0:15:54.44,0:15:56.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,oil might start coming out of one of them. Dialogue: 0,0:15:56.86,0:16:00.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you'd have some idea of what to do. Dialogue: 0,0:16:00.04,0:16:02.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's certainly\None of the things we need to do. Dialogue: 0,0:16:02.36,0:16:06.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I think we have to understand\Nwhere this leak really started from. Dialogue: 0,0:16:07.30,0:16:12.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It really started from the destruction\Nof the idea that the government is there Dialogue: 0,0:16:12.67,0:16:14.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it's our government, Dialogue: 0,0:16:14.41,0:16:17.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,meant to protect\Nthe larger public interest. Dialogue: 0,0:16:21.30,0:16:25.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I think that the oil blowout,\Nthe bank bailout, Dialogue: 0,0:16:25.94,0:16:32.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the mortgage crisis and all these things\Nare absolutely symptoms of the same cause. Dialogue: 0,0:16:33.54,0:16:36.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We still seem to understand that at least, Dialogue: 0,0:16:36.43,0:16:40.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we need the police to protect us\Nfrom a few bad people. Dialogue: 0,0:16:40.84,0:16:43.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And even though the police\Ncan be a little annoying at times... Dialogue: 0,0:16:43.87,0:16:45.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Giving us tickets and stuff like that... Dialogue: 0,0:16:45.80,0:16:48.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nobody says that we should\Njust get rid of them. Dialogue: 0,0:16:48.35,0:16:51.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But in the entire rest\Nof government right now Dialogue: 0,0:16:51.30,0:16:53.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and for the last at least 30 years, Dialogue: 0,0:16:53.19,0:16:56.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there has been a culture of deregulation Dialogue: 0,0:16:56.30,0:17:01.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that is caused directly by the people\Nwho we need to be protected from, Dialogue: 0,0:17:02.25,0:17:04.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,buying the government out from under us. Dialogue: 0,0:17:05.56,0:17:12.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause) Dialogue: 0,0:17:15.22,0:17:18.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now this has been a problem\Nfor a very, very long time. Dialogue: 0,0:17:18.46,0:17:23.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can see that corporations were illegal\Nat the founding of America, Dialogue: 0,0:17:23.85,0:17:26.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and even Thomas Jefferson complained Dialogue: 0,0:17:26.58,0:17:32.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that they were already bidding defiance\Nto the laws of our country. Dialogue: 0,0:17:33.46,0:17:36.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,OK, people who say they're conservative, Dialogue: 0,0:17:36.99,0:17:41.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if they really wanted to be\Nreally conservative and patriotic, Dialogue: 0,0:17:41.83,0:17:44.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they would tell\Nthese corporations to go to hell. Dialogue: 0,0:17:45.48,0:17:48.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's what it would really mean\Nto be conservative. Dialogue: 0,0:17:49.11,0:17:53.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So what we really need to do\Nis regain the idea Dialogue: 0,0:17:53.83,0:17:57.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that it's our government\Nsafeguarding our interests, Dialogue: 0,0:17:57.07,0:18:01.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and regain a sense of unity\Nand common cause in our country Dialogue: 0,0:18:01.30,0:18:02.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that really has been lost. Dialogue: 0,0:18:04.23,0:18:06.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think there are signs of hope. Dialogue: 0,0:18:06.19,0:18:08.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We seem to be waking up a little bit. Dialogue: 0,0:18:08.72,0:18:11.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Glass-Steagall Act...\NWhich was really to protect us Dialogue: 0,0:18:11.75,0:18:14.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the kind of thing\Nthat caused the recession to happen, Dialogue: 0,0:18:14.80,0:18:18.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the bank meltdown and all that stuff\Nthat required the bailouts... Dialogue: 0,0:18:18.52,0:18:22.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That was put in effect in 1933,\Nwas systematically destroyed. Dialogue: 0,0:18:23.24,0:18:26.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now there's a mood to put\Nsome of that stuff back in place, Dialogue: 0,0:18:26.100,0:18:31.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the lobbyists are already there\Ntrying to weaken the regulations Dialogue: 0,0:18:31.54,0:18:34.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,after the legislation has just passed. Dialogue: 0,0:18:34.30,0:18:36.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So it's a continued fight. Dialogue: 0,0:18:36.30,0:18:38.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a historic moment right now. Dialogue: 0,0:18:38.37,0:18:42.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're either going to have an absolutely\Nunmitigated catastrophe Dialogue: 0,0:18:42.41,0:18:44.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of this oil leak in the Gulf, Dialogue: 0,0:18:44.07,0:18:46.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or we will make the moment\Nwe need out of this, Dialogue: 0,0:18:46.74,0:18:48.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as many people have noted today. Dialogue: 0,0:18:48.43,0:18:50.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's certainly a common theme Dialogue: 0,0:18:50.11,0:18:52.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about needing to make\Nthe moment out of this. Dialogue: 0,0:18:52.54,0:18:56.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We've been through this before\Nwith other ways of offshore drilling. Dialogue: 0,0:18:56.58,0:18:59.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The first offshore wells\Nwere called whales. Dialogue: 0,0:18:59.60,0:19:02.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The first offshore drills\Nwere called harpoons. Dialogue: 0,0:19:02.49,0:19:05.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We emptied the ocean\Nof the whales at that time. Dialogue: 0,0:19:06.04,0:19:07.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now are we stuck with this? Dialogue: 0,0:19:07.76,0:19:11.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ever since we lived in caves,\Nevery time we wanted any energy, Dialogue: 0,0:19:11.69,0:19:15.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we lit something on fire,\Nand that is still what we're doing. Dialogue: 0,0:19:15.27,0:19:19.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're still lighting something on fire\Nevery time we want energy. Dialogue: 0,0:19:19.89,0:19:23.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And people say we can't have clean energy Dialogue: 0,0:19:23.40,0:19:25.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it's too expensive. Dialogue: 0,0:19:26.30,0:19:28.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Who says it's too expensive? Dialogue: 0,0:19:28.10,0:19:30.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People who sell us fossil fuels. Dialogue: 0,0:19:30.38,0:19:33.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We've been here before with energy, Dialogue: 0,0:19:33.30,0:19:37.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and people saying the economy\Ncannot withstand a switch, Dialogue: 0,0:19:37.42,0:19:40.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because the cheapest energy was slavery. Dialogue: 0,0:19:40.66,0:19:43.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Energy is always a moral issue. Dialogue: 0,0:19:43.44,0:19:45.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's an issue that is moral right now. Dialogue: 0,0:19:45.73,0:19:48.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a matter of right and wrong. Dialogue: 0,0:19:48.30,0:19:49.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you very much. Dialogue: 0,0:19:49.49,0:19:50.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)