[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:02.18,0:00:06.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Announcer) Please welcome to the stage\NDr. David Hendricks.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:06.53,0:00:08.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:00:14.02,0:00:18.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Tashi delek - that's how you say\Nhello in Tibetan.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.36,0:00:22.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Today I'm really happy to be here
Dialogue: 0,0:00:22.28,0:00:27.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to share thoughts that have been\Non my mind every day since 1989.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:33.85,0:00:38.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My talk today, I hope,\Nyou will find some benefit in.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.14,0:00:41.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's the basic motivation I have\Nin talking to you today.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.97,0:00:51.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The subject matter of my talk
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.23,0:00:54.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is going to appear to you today
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.54,0:00:56.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just to be a little bit\Non the academic side,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:56.67,0:00:58.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and there's a reason for that.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.02,0:01:00.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Before my own recovery,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.61,0:01:03.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the only emotions\Nthat were easy for me to access
Dialogue: 0,0:01:03.37,0:01:06.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were anger and depression.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.74,0:01:09.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And one of the true gifts of my recovery
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.34,0:01:14.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was the ability to access\Na full range of emotional responses,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.08,0:01:18.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I haven't yet got the hang\Nof all of the more tender emotions,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:18.75,0:01:21.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so I tend to break into tears easily.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.92,0:01:26.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So staying on the academic side\Nis the best thing for a macho man like me
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.74,0:01:29.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so I don't break down in front of you.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.36,0:01:32.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, the other thing I want to say
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.69,0:01:36.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that even though the presentation\Nmay seem at points academic,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.03,0:01:37.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it has a deep soulful purpose
Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.57,0:01:42.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it's been my passionate\Nintention over the years
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.83,0:01:46.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to try to relieve the suffering\Nof addiction particularly,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.99,0:01:49.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but also mental illness.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.16,0:01:53.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Before I start,\Nthe last thing I'd like to say
Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.30,0:01:56.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that I'd like to dedicate\Nthis talk today
Dialogue: 0,0:01:56.49,0:02:02.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to my old Buddhist teacher,\Nwho died last year.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.58,0:02:06.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So Buddha said,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.94,0:02:11.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"The mind is everything.\NWhat we think we become."
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.42,0:02:14.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because I really believe that to be true,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.58,0:02:16.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm often made really uneasy
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.32,0:02:20.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when I see the kind of crazy stuff\Nthat goes around in my own mind.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.38,0:02:25.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But what's in my mind today\Nis really more peaceful and calm
Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.48,0:02:29.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than it was in the many years\Nduring my rough childhood,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:29.53,0:02:31.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where my father was incessant
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.24,0:02:35.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in his attempts to shame me\Nand break me down,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:37.35,0:02:39.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's certainly clearer\Nand better than it was
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.64,0:02:46.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,during the uncontrollable anger\Nof my 20 years as an alcoholic.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:46.63,0:02:49.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I figured that if Picasso\Ncan have a blue phase,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.36,0:02:53.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then I'm entitled to an alcoholic phase,\Nwhich I'm glad is over.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.22,0:02:57.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But at the end of that career,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.07,0:03:01.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I really didn't believe that I would ever\Nbe able to have a normal life.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:02.29,0:03:04.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I joined AA anyway,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.04,0:03:07.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and within one year of that,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.84,0:03:11.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I met my Buddhist teacher\Nand I began to meditate,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.28,0:03:14.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I began to practice\Nthe Buddhist philosophy of mind,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.36,0:03:19.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which was the most profoundly useful\Npsychological system I'd ever encountered.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.53,0:03:22.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then three years later,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.17,0:03:29.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the unexpected miracle of a top-to-bottom\Nrevolution in my entire life occurred -
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.80,0:03:32.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,something we call "sobriety in recovery."
Dialogue: 0,0:03:33.85,0:03:36.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This has been a pivotal event in my life,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:36.26,0:03:38.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and at the time that it occurred,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.76,0:03:42.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's become my fundamental\Nmotivation in life
Dialogue: 0,0:03:42.79,0:03:45.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to try to help other people\Nwho suffer as I did
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.67,0:03:49.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to also achieve\Nthe same kind of redemption
Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.57,0:03:52.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that I was lucky enough to achieve.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:54.62,0:03:55.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:04.20,0:04:07.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what I would like to do is to see\Nif there's any fundamental truths
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.51,0:04:10.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we can bring out\Nof my little miniature biography today,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:10.96,0:04:13.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I'd like to start in childhood.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:15.02,0:04:18.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Recent brain imaging studies\Nof maltreated children
Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.09,0:04:20.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,revealed extensive\Nstructural abnormalities
Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.45,0:04:23.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in multiple regions of the brain,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:23.39,0:04:26.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and enough damage to the brain\Nso that the brain of these kids
Dialogue: 0,0:04:26.56,0:04:31.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has actually reduced\Nas much as 10% in size below normal.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:32.04,0:04:36.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When you look at the painful images,\Nthese brain images, of these children,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.54,0:04:40.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's difficult to understand\Nhow they could ever have a decent life,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.50,0:04:46.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it wasn't until the publication\Nof the Adverse Childhood Event Study,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:46.86,0:04:49.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the ACE Study, a few years ago
Dialogue: 0,0:04:49.72,0:04:53.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that what these kids were going to face\Nin adulthood became clear.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:54.32,0:04:59.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now the ACE Study was a groundbreaking\Nclinical epidemiologic study
Dialogue: 0,0:04:59.04,0:05:02.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that did two things for the first time\Nin the history of clinical research,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:02.95,0:05:06.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that is that it looked for -
Dialogue: 0,0:05:10.04,0:05:13.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm going to put all this up\Nso you have a chance to see it.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:13.54,0:05:16.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For the first time\Nin clinical research of this type,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:16.01,0:05:19.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it looked for all\Nof the types of adversity
Dialogue: 0,0:05:19.74,0:05:21.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that kids could go through at one time.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:21.60,0:05:24.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's hard for me to believe\Nit wasn't done before this -
Dialogue: 0,0:05:24.23,0:05:25.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it was always fragmented -
Dialogue: 0,0:05:25.64,0:05:27.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but in this study,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:27.24,0:05:30.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all forms of adversity that children\Ncould suffer were looked at,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:30.30,0:05:32.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they were eight in number,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:32.26,0:05:36.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they include physical,\Nemotional, and sexual abuse,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:36.27,0:05:38.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,witnessing the mother being abused,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:38.48,0:05:40.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,divorce or separation,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:40.57,0:05:45.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and being raised by a parent that was\Ncriminal, mentally ill, or drug addicted.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:49.45,0:05:52.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The study - the second thing that was done
Dialogue: 0,0:05:52.46,0:05:53.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was that the study was done
Dialogue: 0,0:05:53.82,0:05:57.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a very large well-designed\Npopulation of study subjects
Dialogue: 0,0:05:57.39,0:06:00.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on whom med and psych records existed
Dialogue: 0,0:06:00.46,0:06:02.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that the results of the study
Dialogue: 0,0:06:03.52,0:06:08.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,accurately represent the experience\Nof the entire U.S. adult population.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:10.64,0:06:13.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,64% said that they had experienced
Dialogue: 0,0:06:13.85,0:06:17.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at least one form\Nof these eight forms of adversity.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:18.24,0:06:20.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've done my math\Nabout Millikan Auditorium.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:20.54,0:06:22.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I'm sorry to tell you,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:22.36,0:06:25.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it has probably already occurred\Nto some of you looking at the screen
Dialogue: 0,0:06:25.96,0:06:32.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that 230 of you also likely experienced\None form of adversity growing up,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:32.00,0:06:36.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that 140 of you experienced\Ntwo types of adversity -
Dialogue: 0,0:06:36.21,0:06:40.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,two of the eight -\Nthat's 40% of the US population,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:40.10,0:06:43.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and 13% experienced four or more,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:43.78,0:06:47.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like me or like 45 of you.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:47.72,0:06:50.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the first thing\Nthat we know from the ACE Study
Dialogue: 0,0:06:50.05,0:06:54.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that adversity is very common\Nand that most of us in this room share it.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:55.87,0:06:59.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What do you think the ACE Study\Nwould predict the likelihood
Dialogue: 0,0:07:00.26,0:07:05.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that these suffering children\Nwould use drugs in adulthood?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:05.92,0:07:08.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is a graph that depicts\Non its vertical axis
Dialogue: 0,0:07:08.63,0:07:11.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the likelihood of\Ninjecting drugs as an adult
Dialogue: 0,0:07:11.32,0:07:15.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,plotted against childhood experience\Non the horizontal axis.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:16.41,0:07:20.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The way this works is that for those\Nthat report no adversity,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:20.55,0:07:24.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the likelihood of injecting\Ndrugs is very low,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:24.46,0:07:30.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but among those who have only one species\Nof adversity during childhood,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:30.31,0:07:32.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the risk triples,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:32.55,0:07:35.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and for those that have two\Nof any of the eight …
Dialogue: 0,0:07:35.71,0:07:39.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or three …, or four or more …
Dialogue: 0,0:07:41.16,0:07:45.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,80% of all addicted adults\Nin the United States today
Dialogue: 0,0:07:45.19,0:07:49.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,come from this population of people\Nthat were abused as children.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:51.18,0:07:55.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What would you guess about the likelihood\Nof mental illness in their future?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:56.21,0:08:01.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is a bar graph that depicts\Na likelihood of committing suicide -
Dialogue: 0,0:08:01.67,0:08:05.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,surely, the ultimate marker\Nof emotional suffering -
Dialogue: 0,0:08:05.17,0:08:07.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in adulthood plotted\Nagainst childhood experience.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:07.91,0:08:12.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And again, the zero\Nrepresents an ACE score of zero,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:12.28,0:08:16.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that among those who had no reports\Nof childhood adversity,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:16.36,0:08:22.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the risk of committing suicide as an adult\Nwas very low - vanishingly small.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:22.29,0:08:25.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For those that had one type of adversity\Nin their childhood experience …
Dialogue: 0,0:08:27.14,0:08:29.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,two types …, three of the eight …,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:29.86,0:08:34.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,four …, five …, six …, and seven or more …
Dialogue: 0,0:08:37.06,0:08:40.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the article where these results\Nwere first published,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:40.02,0:08:42.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the authors said
Dialogue: 0,0:08:42.00,0:08:47.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the linkage between being abused\Nas a kid and killing yourself as an adult
Dialogue: 0,0:08:48.44,0:08:51.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was so strong
Dialogue: 0,0:08:51.75,0:08:56.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as to be unprecedented in the history\Nof epidemiologic studies.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:56.83,0:08:58.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they further concluded
Dialogue: 0,0:08:58.07,0:09:02.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the vast majority of suicides\Nin the United States every year
Dialogue: 0,0:09:02.20,0:09:08.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are attributable to only one thing,\Nand that is their abuse as children.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:09.07,0:09:15.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the 20th century\Nclosed on an extremely dark note.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:16.51,0:09:17.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What we knew at that time
Dialogue: 0,0:09:17.85,0:09:23.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that adversity altered\Nthe structure of the brain of these kids,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:23.64,0:09:27.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that these structural alterations
Dialogue: 0,0:09:27.71,0:09:31.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,set the stage for emotional states
Dialogue: 0,0:09:31.38,0:09:36.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that accounted for the majority\Nof the suffering in the United States
Dialogue: 0,0:09:36.09,0:09:39.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,due to drug addiction and mental illness.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:41.64,0:09:44.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But science made this picture even blacker
Dialogue: 0,0:09:44.70,0:09:50.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when it said that once these\Nsuffering kids reach young adulthood,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:50.18,0:09:52.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there wasn't anything\Nanybody could do to help them,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:52.75,0:09:57.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because by that time the brain\Nhad lost the capacity to ever change,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:57.43,0:10:01.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,essentially entombing them\Nin their suffering.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:02.91,0:10:05.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is what I was taught\Nin medical school,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:06.39,0:10:09.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I absolutely refuse to believe it.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:10.68,0:10:13.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it turns out that I was right\Nnot to believe it,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:13.27,0:10:19.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because at the dawn of the 21st century,\Nenough light shone in on this problem
Dialogue: 0,0:10:19.03,0:10:23.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to reveal that the brain had had\Na science of its own all the time
Dialogue: 0,0:10:23.94,0:10:26.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and had the capacity for radical change,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:27.16,0:10:34.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that it could do it even in adulthood.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:35.72,0:10:41.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So what I'd like to talk to you about now\Nis two major mechanisms that the brain has
Dialogue: 0,0:10:41.29,0:10:44.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in order to restructure itself
Dialogue: 0,0:10:44.37,0:10:49.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and to create different and new\Nfunctional potentialities.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:54.43,0:11:00.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is a photo micrograph\Nof the hippocampus,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:02.54,0:11:08.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is one of the most\Nremarkable areas of the brain.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:08.32,0:11:12.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And over the years of study, it's become\Nmy second favorite bodily organ.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:12.92,0:11:15.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:11:17.35,0:11:18.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sniggering?
Dialogue: 0,0:11:18.92,0:11:20.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:11:20.76,0:11:22.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Okay, this is total transparency -
Dialogue: 0,0:11:22.98,0:11:26.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,my favorite bodily organ\Nis my anterior insular cortex.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:26.88,0:11:29.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:11:29.85,0:11:32.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Alright, so the thing\Nthat's remarkable about this -
Dialogue: 0,0:11:32.28,0:11:33.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this is a beautiful picture -
Dialogue: 0,0:11:33.66,0:11:39.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these green guys, all along here,\Nare brand-new baby neurons.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:39.98,0:11:43.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So one of the major resources\Nthe brain has to change
Dialogue: 0,0:11:43.54,0:11:46.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is the birth of new brain cells.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:47.40,0:11:50.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I love these little guys.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:51.90,0:11:54.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If there was one place\Nthat they could do the most good,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:54.52,0:11:56.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it would be here in the hippocampus,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:56.24,0:11:58.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is Grand Central Station
Dialogue: 0,0:11:58.03,0:12:02.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the brain's capacity\Nto form new learning experiences
Dialogue: 0,0:12:02.34,0:12:06.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and consolidate that\Ninto retrievable memory.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:06.05,0:12:09.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what happens, apparently,\Nis that whatever we're required to do -
Dialogue: 0,0:12:09.79,0:12:13.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to grow, to adapt\Nto current life situations,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:14.29,0:12:17.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like recover from\Nmental illness or addiction -
Dialogue: 0,0:12:17.67,0:12:21.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,constitutes the marching orders\Nfor these little green guys
Dialogue: 0,0:12:21.49,0:12:25.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to begin to migrate up\Ninto the body of the hippocampus,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:25.20,0:12:26.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where all life's experiences
Dialogue: 0,0:12:26.91,0:12:31.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are already encoded\Nand find the right place to plug in
Dialogue: 0,0:12:31.99,0:12:36.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in order to encode\Nnew learning experiences
Dialogue: 0,0:12:36.29,0:12:38.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that can be remembered.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:38.26,0:12:41.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the second that they plug in,\Nthe brain has changed.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:42.30,0:12:44.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the second that these new neurons
Dialogue: 0,0:12:44.58,0:12:48.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,add their voice to the internal\Nmental conversation,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:48.06,0:12:51.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the vector of thought and feeling shifts.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:51.46,0:12:54.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the second that these\Nnew learning experiences are in place -
Dialogue: 0,0:12:54.50,0:12:57.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and by new learning,\NI don't mean one plus one equals two,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:58.12,0:12:59.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean important stuff,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:59.77,0:13:04.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like I just discovered that I'm a pretty\Ndecent person after all -
Dialogue: 0,0:13:05.49,0:13:06.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that experience
Dialogue: 0,0:13:06.49,0:13:09.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,immediately begins to compete\Nwith the messages from the past,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:09.49,0:13:13.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and for all abused kids,\Nthe message is "you're a bad kid,"
Dialogue: 0,0:13:13.33,0:13:16.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that the "I'm a good person" message
Dialogue: 0,0:13:16.46,0:13:19.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can come to dominate\N"I'm the bad kid" message,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:19.41,0:13:22.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is really hopeful and really cool.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:23.66,0:13:25.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But what's also really cool
Dialogue: 0,0:13:25.55,0:13:28.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is the second mechanism\Nthat I wanted to tell you about
Dialogue: 0,0:13:28.17,0:13:29.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by which the brain changes,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:29.71,0:13:33.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that's a very complex\Nmolecular machine
Dialogue: 0,0:13:33.34,0:13:38.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that exists inside the neuron\Nin the brain, called epigenetics,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:39.50,0:13:43.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which has the capacity,\Nin response to current life experience,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:43.66,0:13:46.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to physically move\Ninto the nucleus of the cell
Dialogue: 0,0:13:46.80,0:13:51.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where it shuts genes off and on\Nin order to help us adapt.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:52.83,0:13:55.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I'd like to tell you\Nabout a recent laboratory experiment
Dialogue: 0,0:13:55.64,0:13:58.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that goes to the heart\Nof what we're talking about here today,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:59.20,0:14:02.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's an experiment
Dialogue: 0,0:14:02.40,0:14:08.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that deprives rat pups\Nof the maternal care that they need.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:09.54,0:14:10.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When they don't get that,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:10.81,0:14:13.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the epigenetic machine\Nbecomes aware of it,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:13.51,0:14:16.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it physically moves\Ninto the nucleus of the cell,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:16.71,0:14:18.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where it shuts off a gene
Dialogue: 0,0:14:18.31,0:14:22.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's responsible for the control\Nof the stress reaction in the brain,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:22.76,0:14:26.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and when that gene doesn't work,\Nthe brain can't control stress.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:26.16,0:14:30.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So once a stress reaction begins,\Nit can't be stopped.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:31.24,0:14:34.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this out-of-control stress\Nis toxic for central nervous tissue:
Dialogue: 0,0:14:34.63,0:14:40.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it kills brain cells, it reduces the brain\Nin size and distorts its architecture.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:40.95,0:14:44.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But you see, those are exactly\Nthe forces that were responsible
Dialogue: 0,0:14:44.86,0:14:47.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for the abnormalities\Nin the brain imaging studies
Dialogue: 0,0:14:47.31,0:14:52.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of these maltreated children\Nthat we talked about earlier.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:55.97,0:14:57.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The other thing that it does
Dialogue: 0,0:14:57.85,0:15:01.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is it makes these rat pups\Nact mentally ill.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:02.75,0:15:07.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this molecular and genetic\Nconfiguration in the brain
Dialogue: 0,0:15:07.78,0:15:11.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are the changes that drive the behaviors
Dialogue: 0,0:15:11.82,0:15:14.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we diagnose\Nas post-traumatic stress disorder
Dialogue: 0,0:15:14.77,0:15:16.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in clinical practice.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:18.21,0:15:22.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But if later, the maternal care\Nthat these rat pups need
Dialogue: 0,0:15:22.57,0:15:24.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is provided to them,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:24.33,0:15:27.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the epigenetic machinery hears about this,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:27.27,0:15:30.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this complex molecular machine\Nmoves back into the nucleus of the cell,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:30.95,0:15:36.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where it switches the gene responsible\Nfor the stress response back on -
Dialogue: 0,0:15:36.31,0:15:39.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,stress comes under control,\Nthe brain is healed,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:39.58,0:15:44.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the rat pups stop acting mentally ill,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:44.94,0:15:47.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they get on\Nwith perfectly normal lives.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:47.79,0:15:53.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this is exactly analogous\Nto the situation of maltreated children.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:54.63,0:15:56.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we learned from this
Dialogue: 0,0:15:56.27,0:16:01.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that if we want to give\Nto our patients in recovery
Dialogue: 0,0:16:01.91,0:16:05.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the same epigenetic gift of healing
Dialogue: 0,0:16:05.13,0:16:08.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that these rat pups enjoyed\Nin this experiment,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:08.23,0:16:09.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then we'd better be really careful
Dialogue: 0,0:16:09.85,0:16:12.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about how we go about\Nthe process of repairing it
Dialogue: 0,0:16:12.76,0:16:14.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in our patients in treatment.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:14.54,0:16:16.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So in our treatment program,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:16.78,0:16:17.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,my wife and I
Dialogue: 0,0:16:17.78,0:16:21.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,try to provide as much as we can\Nevery one of our patients
Dialogue: 0,0:16:21.20,0:16:23.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with two new parents -
Dialogue: 0,0:16:23.09,0:16:24.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,she and I.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:24.69,0:16:29.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we have a commitment to stick\Nwith them for a minimum of five years,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:29.55,0:16:32.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this is a period of time\Nthat science indicates
Dialogue: 0,0:16:32.77,0:16:37.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that is necessary for these brain changes\Nto come to completion.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:38.17,0:16:41.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Okay, so where are we now\Nin this conversation?
Dialogue: 0,0:16:41.63,0:16:45.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We know that adversity changes the brain,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:46.20,0:16:50.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we know that these brain changes\Nsets the mood in the brain
Dialogue: 0,0:16:50.72,0:16:57.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that these moods drive the processes\Nof addiction and mental illness.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:57.95,0:17:01.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But we also know now, in the 21st century,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:03.24,0:17:04.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Western science teaches us
Dialogue: 0,0:17:04.67,0:17:07.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the physical brain\Nis being changed all the time
Dialogue: 0,0:17:07.97,0:17:13.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,under the dynamic influences\Nof epigenetics and neurogenesis.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:19.96,0:17:21.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But whereas Western culture
Dialogue: 0,0:17:21.91,0:17:24.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is really good about looking\Nat the outside world
Dialogue: 0,0:17:24.58,0:17:27.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and manipulating physical matter,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:27.97,0:17:31.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our Western culture doesn't provide us
Dialogue: 0,0:17:31.44,0:17:34.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with a very deep understanding\Nof the nature of mind -
Dialogue: 0,0:17:34.35,0:17:36.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the internal mental world,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:36.51,0:17:39.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how to really pay attention\Nto what's going on there,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:39.95,0:17:42.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how to sort out the meaning\Nof mental events,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:42.04,0:17:45.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and how to guide these mental events\Nfor maximum growth,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:45.97,0:17:52.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that what happens is that a change\Nis usually or often willy-nilly,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:52.17,0:17:54.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the results are half-baked.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:55.26,0:17:56.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:02.50,0:18:06.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,20 centuries ago,\NBuddhist philosophy of mind
Dialogue: 0,0:18:06.14,0:18:11.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,had a very detailed and\Nprofoundly intelligent understanding
Dialogue: 0,0:18:11.35,0:18:13.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the nature of mind.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:13.25,0:18:14.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It had techniques
Dialogue: 0,0:18:14.26,0:18:17.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that we could really pay attention\Nto what was going on there.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:18.00,0:18:19.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It had the ability
Dialogue: 0,0:18:19.04,0:18:24.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to sort out mental events,\Nunderstand their operational nature,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:24.15,0:18:30.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and how to use them for maximal\Nhuman growth and spiritual development.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:32.12,0:18:35.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, now I'm supposed to say, What now?
Dialogue: 0,0:18:37.08,0:18:39.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I'm going to say, What now?
Dialogue: 0,0:18:39.60,0:18:45.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, my wife and my professional partner\Nare both Buddhists.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:46.08,0:18:49.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We've been mental health\Nand addiction treatment professionals
Dialogue: 0,0:18:49.02,0:18:50.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for a decade,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:50.02,0:18:52.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and so she and I decided many years ago
Dialogue: 0,0:18:52.51,0:18:54.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we were going to take\Na really close look
Dialogue: 0,0:18:54.65,0:18:56.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at the Buddhist philosophy of mind
Dialogue: 0,0:18:56.69,0:19:00.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and see whether or not we could\Nintegrate it into our treatment program
Dialogue: 0,0:19:00.02,0:19:01.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so we could do a better job
Dialogue: 0,0:19:01.31,0:19:05.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,helping the people that came to us\Nwith these disorders.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:05.97,0:19:12.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, after many years of preparation,\Nwe left the United States a few years ago,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:13.54,0:19:18.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we traveled to the seat\Nof the Tibetan people in exile
Dialogue: 0,0:19:18.91,0:19:20.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in North India.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:21.66,0:19:26.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And over about two-year period of time,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:26.99,0:19:30.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,she and I selected\Na specific Tibetan text,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:30.44,0:19:34.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which was a text on human psychology\Nfrom the Buddhist perspective,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:34.68,0:19:39.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then working separately,\Nwe each then translated that text
Dialogue: 0,0:19:40.32,0:19:43.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,over about a seven-\Nor eight-month period of time.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:45.33,0:19:49.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this is a text that in Tibetan\Nis "Sem dong sem jung" -
Dialogue: 0,0:19:49.54,0:19:54.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it means "The mind\Nand that which arises from mind,"
Dialogue: 0,0:19:55.35,0:19:58.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or more loosely translated,\N"The mind and its functions,"
Dialogue: 0,0:19:58.33,0:20:00.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or "Mind and mental functions."
Dialogue: 0,0:20:01.57,0:20:03.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And after we translated it,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:03.00,0:20:07.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then we had the good fortune to be able\Nto study this translated material
Dialogue: 0,0:20:08.24,0:20:13.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with Buddhist scholars who were respected\Nfor their mastery of this subject matter.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:15.10,0:20:16.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, when we finished,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:16.52,0:20:19.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we came back to the United States\Nand set up a treatment program
Dialogue: 0,0:20:19.52,0:20:21.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in Traverse City.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:21.56,0:20:23.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But before I tell you about that,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:26.57,0:20:28.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I would like to share with you
Dialogue: 0,0:20:28.68,0:20:32.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one more piece of evidence\Nthat's necessary to have
Dialogue: 0,0:20:32.17,0:20:34.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,before we're able to take\Nall the pieces of puzzle
Dialogue: 0,0:20:34.52,0:20:36.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that I've talked to you about today
Dialogue: 0,0:20:36.19,0:20:42.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and put it together into an improved\Ntreatment methodology for these disorders.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:42.97,0:20:47.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this has to do\Nwith recent brain imaging evidence
Dialogue: 0,0:20:47.37,0:20:52.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,demonstrating that meditation\Nhas a profound positive impact
Dialogue: 0,0:20:52.74,0:20:56.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on multiple regions\Nof the central nervous system,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:56.78,0:21:00.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,including those areas of the brain\Ndamaged by childhood adversity.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:01.79,0:21:06.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So that only after four hours\Nof a sitting meditation practice -
Dialogue: 0,0:21:06.19,0:21:11.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,four hours of sitting in meditation,\Ndivided up over days or whatever -
Dialogue: 0,0:21:12.49,0:21:16.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,brain imaging technology\Nshows a marked enhancement
Dialogue: 0,0:21:16.47,0:21:20.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the activation\Nand the operational strength
Dialogue: 0,0:21:20.08,0:21:23.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of those brain regions that are\Nresponsible for focused attention,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:23.64,0:21:26.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what's called "mindfulness"\Nin the lay press,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:26.91,0:21:30.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then after only 11 hours\Nof sitting meditation practice,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:30.64,0:21:32.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,brain imaging proves
Dialogue: 0,0:21:32.90,0:21:38.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the actual density of living tissue\Nin these brain regions has been increased,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:38.39,0:21:40.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so they've been muscled up and bulked up
Dialogue: 0,0:21:40.69,0:21:43.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that their functional\Ncapacity has changed,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:43.39,0:21:44.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so they can really pay attention
Dialogue: 0,0:21:44.93,0:21:48.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to whatever you choose\Nto focus your attention on.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:52.83,0:21:53.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is an example
Dialogue: 0,0:21:53.100,0:22:00.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of sustained attention of the mind\Nas distinct from the brain
Dialogue: 0,0:22:01.72,0:22:06.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,changing the structure of the brain and\Ngiving it enhanced functional capacity.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:09.26,0:22:13.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But we had this experience all the time.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:13.84,0:22:16.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The mind is always\Ntelling the brain what to do -
Dialogue: 0,0:22:16.38,0:22:18.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so if I say wiggle this finger,
Dialogue: 0,0:22:18.20,0:22:23.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the brain says, "Okay," and it finds\Nthe appropriate area in the motor cortex
Dialogue: 0,0:22:23.51,0:22:25.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that controls the finger, the right nerve,
Dialogue: 0,0:22:25.51,0:22:27.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the finger wiggles.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:27.14,0:22:28.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So what I'm suggesting
Dialogue: 0,0:22:28.19,0:22:33.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that if we became more astute\Nabout training the mind
Dialogue: 0,0:22:34.28,0:22:36.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to find any area that we wanted,
Dialogue: 0,0:22:36.97,0:22:41.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we could learn how to access\Nspecifically those regions in the mind
Dialogue: 0,0:22:41.07,0:22:43.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that were damaged by childhood adversity,
Dialogue: 0,0:22:44.18,0:22:47.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and by focusing and encouraging\Ntheir sustained operation,
Dialogue: 0,0:22:47.50,0:22:49.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,beef them up to cure it.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:50.04,0:22:53.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this is the way this new\Ntreatment methodology works:
Dialogue: 0,0:22:54.45,0:22:58.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We practice quiescent meditation
Dialogue: 0,0:22:58.74,0:23:01.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,until we beef up the areas of the brain
Dialogue: 0,0:23:01.34,0:23:03.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that are responsible\Nfor focused attention
Dialogue: 0,0:23:03.46,0:23:06.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,until they become strong enough\Nthat we can use that as a tool,
Dialogue: 0,0:23:06.98,0:23:09.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like a lens to look inside
Dialogue: 0,0:23:09.26,0:23:12.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and to actually observe\Nthe arising of thoughts and feelings
Dialogue: 0,0:23:12.72,0:23:15.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from moment to moment in our own minds.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:16.23,0:23:19.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By enumerating a relatively short list
Dialogue: 0,0:23:19.03,0:23:22.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of mental functions\Nthat mind is capable of performing,
Dialogue: 0,0:23:22.42,0:23:24.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Buddhist psychology helps us here
Dialogue: 0,0:23:24.72,0:23:26.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because as they arise,
Dialogue: 0,0:23:26.20,0:23:29.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we can properly identify them\Nand give them names.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:29.69,0:23:33.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what this does is\Nfacilitate bringing meaningful order
Dialogue: 0,0:23:33.56,0:23:38.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to a realm of our inner mental experience\Nthat's often very confusing for us.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:39.78,0:23:42.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The second thing that Buddhist psychology\Ndoes to help us here
Dialogue: 0,0:23:42.69,0:23:47.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that it actually assigns a moral weight\Nor value to these mental functions
Dialogue: 0,0:23:47.65,0:23:50.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that now we've got them sorted out\Nand we've got them named
Dialogue: 0,0:23:50.82,0:23:53.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we know what's going on:
Dialogue: 0,0:23:53.26,0:23:55.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we learned that they are bifurcatable
Dialogue: 0,0:23:55.66,0:23:59.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into two mutually distinctive areas\Nof functionality -
Dialogue: 0,0:23:59.25,0:24:01.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,harmful and beneficial -
Dialogue: 0,0:24:01.89,0:24:05.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we observed that when the harmful\Nmental functions operate,
Dialogue: 0,0:24:05.96,0:24:10.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it reduces our mental health\Nand our happiness,
Dialogue: 0,0:24:10.75,0:24:16.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but when the mental functions\Nthat belong to a beneficial domain of mind
Dialogue: 0,0:24:16.12,0:24:17.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are operational,
Dialogue: 0,0:24:17.40,0:24:20.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our mental health is increased\Nalong with our happiness.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:22.47,0:24:25.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The third thing that Buddhist\Npsychology does to help here
Dialogue: 0,0:24:25.51,0:24:30.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is to give us efficient\Nand useful techniques
Dialogue: 0,0:24:30.63,0:24:35.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by which we can begin\Nto modulate internal mental activity.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:35.56,0:24:37.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We've sorted things out.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:37.06,0:24:38.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We now see
Dialogue: 0,0:24:38.06,0:24:41.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that they exist in the two categories\Nof harmful and helpful,
Dialogue: 0,0:24:41.22,0:24:42.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but now we can actually take a hand
Dialogue: 0,0:24:42.98,0:24:46.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we can develop\Nthe mental discipline that's required
Dialogue: 0,0:24:46.46,0:24:51.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in order to recognize the incipient\Noperation of negative mental functions
Dialogue: 0,0:24:51.95,0:24:55.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and reduce their power over us,
Dialogue: 0,0:24:55.42,0:25:00.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and to recognize the benefits\Nof positive mental functionality
Dialogue: 0,0:25:00.16,0:25:02.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and encourage and strengthen them.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:02.92,0:25:08.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, for example, if I am a person\Nwho has some training in these matters
Dialogue: 0,0:25:08.93,0:25:11.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I'm going through my day
Dialogue: 0,0:25:11.13,0:25:14.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I suddenly become aware\Nthat this person that I'm dealing with
Dialogue: 0,0:25:14.23,0:25:16.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is really pissing me off,
Dialogue: 0,0:25:17.19,0:25:21.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I see the arising of anger from the domain\Nof negative mental functions,
Dialogue: 0,0:25:21.51,0:25:24.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I take a step back\Nbecause I know I'm in danger -
Dialogue: 0,0:25:25.31,0:25:28.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't want to be hurt,\NI don't want that person to be hurt,
Dialogue: 0,0:25:28.16,0:25:33.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I certainly don't want\Nto have to suffer the mental consequences
Dialogue: 0,0:25:33.70,0:25:37.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that will necessarily arise
Dialogue: 0,0:25:37.15,0:25:41.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if I allow that motivation\Nto motivate my behavior.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:42.00,0:25:43.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If I have some training and control,
Dialogue: 0,0:25:43.84,0:25:48.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I can switch my motivation\Nand intentionality to the positive domain
Dialogue: 0,0:25:48.80,0:25:52.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so only they can operate\Nto motivate my behavior.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:54.19,0:26:00.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When we have the subjective experience\Nof positive emotionality,
Dialogue: 0,0:26:00.81,0:26:02.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it is important to realize
Dialogue: 0,0:26:02.80,0:26:06.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that that experience that we have
Dialogue: 0,0:26:06.34,0:26:08.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is the end product of the result
Dialogue: 0,0:26:08.48,0:26:11.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of a number of distributed\Ndifferent brain regions
Dialogue: 0,0:26:11.73,0:26:15.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that are cooperating together\Nin a tightly wired neural network
Dialogue: 0,0:26:15.22,0:26:17.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to produce that sensation.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:19.73,0:26:20.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So that means,
Dialogue: 0,0:26:20.74,0:26:23.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just like the mind controls the brain,
Dialogue: 0,0:26:24.27,0:26:29.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I can use the mind\Nand learn how to command the brain
Dialogue: 0,0:26:29.67,0:26:31.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to go into those neural circuits
Dialogue: 0,0:26:31.40,0:26:34.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and navigate specifically\Nto the brain regions
Dialogue: 0,0:26:34.07,0:26:36.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that were damaged\Nby a childhood adversity.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:36.84,0:26:41.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Little kids who've been abused don't have\Nany trouble feeling negative affect,
Dialogue: 0,0:26:41.88,0:26:44.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but they do have trouble\Nfeeling positive affect,
Dialogue: 0,0:26:44.83,0:26:45.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which means
Dialogue: 0,0:26:45.83,0:26:50.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that it was precisely the domains of\Nthe brain responsible for positive affect
Dialogue: 0,0:26:50.84,0:26:53.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that were injured by childhood adversity.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:54.19,0:26:58.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So by using these techniques\Nof Buddhist psychology,
Dialogue: 0,0:26:58.22,0:27:00.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what I'm really doing
Dialogue: 0,0:27:00.22,0:27:05.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is navigating to them\Nby mindful attention -
Dialogue: 0,0:27:05.51,0:27:07.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I am sustaining their operation,
Dialogue: 0,0:27:07.25,0:27:09.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we know that sustained operation
Dialogue: 0,0:27:09.13,0:27:11.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,beefs them up and make them\Nstronger and stronger
Dialogue: 0,0:27:11.41,0:27:15.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,until such time as they begin,\Nfor the first time, to function normally.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:16.19,0:27:19.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The first moment of\Nnormal functionality of these circuits
Dialogue: 0,0:27:19.18,0:27:21.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is experienced objectively
Dialogue: 0,0:27:21.18,0:27:26.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as the acquisition\Nof sobriety in recovery.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:26.93,0:27:30.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When I achieve sobriety\Nin my own recovery efforts,
Dialogue: 0,0:27:30.75,0:27:36.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it was a feeling like my soul was rising\Nlike a raft from the bottom of the ocean
Dialogue: 0,0:27:36.37,0:27:37.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to stand up for the first time,
Dialogue: 0,0:27:37.87,0:27:41.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and what came with it\Nwas a sense of enduring peace
Dialogue: 0,0:27:41.86,0:27:44.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and a certainty I would never drink again.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:44.61,0:27:48.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There wasn't any need to drink anymore\Nbecause everything was working okay.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:49.48,0:27:51.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So what's really happening here
Dialogue: 0,0:27:51.42,0:27:54.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that we're using\Na powerfully focused mind
Dialogue: 0,0:27:54.20,0:27:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we get from a meditational practice
Dialogue: 0,0:27:57.23,0:28:00.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,within an overarching\Nconstruct and guidance
Dialogue: 0,0:28:00.03,0:28:04.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of a Buddhist psychological system\Nof mind, of understanding the mind.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:05.02,0:28:07.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what we're really doing is,
Dialogue: 0,0:28:07.46,0:28:12.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for the first time, we have the ability\Nto take conscious control
Dialogue: 0,0:28:12.84,0:28:16.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the brain's physical resources,\Ndynamic resources for change,
Dialogue: 0,0:28:16.85,0:28:20.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is epigenetics and neurogenesis,
Dialogue: 0,0:28:20.30,0:28:25.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we direct them\Nto heal the wounds of the past
Dialogue: 0,0:28:27.53,0:28:33.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and to restore to us the right to be\Nwho we choose to be for the first time.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:34.17,0:28:36.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Any of us can do this at any time;
Dialogue: 0,0:28:36.07,0:28:40.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it doesn't matter where we stand\Non the continuum of human development.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:40.82,0:28:46.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So you don't need to worry\Nabout the brain's capacity to change;
Dialogue: 0,0:28:46.37,0:28:50.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all you have to do is to be really serious\Nabout training the mind,
Dialogue: 0,0:28:50.81,0:28:52.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it'll happen automatically.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:52.96,0:28:54.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Buddha said,
Dialogue: 0,0:28:55.23,0:28:59.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Mind is everything.\NWhat you think you become."
Dialogue: 0,0:28:59.73,0:29:00.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you very much.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:00.93,0:29:04.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)\N