[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.97,0:00:18.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I'd like to tell a story\Nabout the future of learning,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.27,0:00:23.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it begins 10 years ago in a classroom\Njust off the old Kent Road in South London
Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.30,0:00:26.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on my very first day\Nas an English teacher.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.35,0:00:27.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And at first we struggled;
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.76,0:00:29.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the kids didn't know much\Nabout Shakespeare,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.80,0:00:31.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I knew even less about teaching.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.53,0:00:34.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was a fresh-faced university graduate
Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.59,0:00:37.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who'd been to this lovely\Nprimary school in the countryside
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.42,0:00:40.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then onto a secondary school\Nthat even had its own pack of beagles,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:40.99,0:00:43.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I thought that teaching\Nwas really simple.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.14,0:00:46.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You stood at the front of the classroom\Nand talked about ideas.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.32,0:00:48.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it wasn't that simple.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.06,0:00:50.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The kids I taught faced real challenges:
Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.45,0:00:52.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about half of them\Nwere on free school meals
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.52,0:00:54.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and two-thirds spoke English\Nas a second language.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.86,0:00:58.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And all of them came to school\Nyears behind where they ought to have been
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.30,0:01:00.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in their reading and writing.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.17,0:01:01.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it was frustrating.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:01.76,0:01:04.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The kids were smart and they were witty;
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.21,0:01:07.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they just weren't doing well academically.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.43,0:01:10.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And around us, I was aware,\Nthe world was changing really fast.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.63,0:01:13.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My students were using smartphones\Nand beginning to live in the future,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.97,0:01:16.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but I thought the methods\NI was using as a teacher
Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.34,0:01:18.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,might have been familiar\Nto the ancient Greeks,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:18.54,0:01:21.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,particularly if their students\Nmade jokes every morning
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.14,0:01:24.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about their failure\Nto properly iron their togas.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.58,0:01:28.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And at the same time,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:28.29,0:01:31.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I felt pushed by the system\Ntowards focusing on their exams,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.65,0:01:35.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,helping the kids get that C grade\Nthat they needed.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.29,0:01:36.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But by the time they left school,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.88,0:01:39.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it was being predicted\Nthat by their 30th birthdays,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.83,0:01:42.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about half of the jobs\Nthey were planning on doing as adults
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.85,0:01:44.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were going to be automated by robots.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.93,0:01:47.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if the robots were coming\Nto get all the jobs,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:47.26,0:01:49.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I thought we had to do a lot better.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.38,0:01:51.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was hopeful, however.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.88,0:01:55.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I thought if we could take all\Nthat we now knew about the human mind,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.12,0:01:58.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our neuroscience and psychology\Nand early child development,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.13,0:02:00.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and combine it with our new technologies,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:00.13,0:02:03.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our computers and the internet,\Nbig data and AI,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.32,0:02:05.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we might be able\Nto transform human learning
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.92,0:02:09.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and get more out of our minds\Nthan we ever had before.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.35,0:02:13.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But what is it that our minds\Nare capable of?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.84,0:02:18.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what is it we should be learning today\Nto thrive in the future?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.30,0:02:19.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These were the two questions
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.64,0:02:21.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that set me off on a two-year journey
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.69,0:02:22.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,around the world
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.70,0:02:24.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and into the future that became my book.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.92,0:02:27.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it took in visits\Nto ground-breaking schools
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.46,0:02:28.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on six different continents,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.80,0:02:30.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,meetings with trailblazing teachers
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.73,0:02:34.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and explorations of the most\Ncutting-edge science and technology.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:34.68,0:02:36.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it left me sure\Nof one thing above all:
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.70,0:02:37.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that in this age of AI,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:37.90,0:02:40.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we've to turn our attention\Naway from our devices
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.20,0:02:44.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and instead invest everything we have\Nin developing ourselves.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:44.01,0:02:48.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I begin with this idea\Nthat human intelligence is under threat.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.95,0:02:52.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 1997, when the chess\Ngrandmaster guy Kasparov
Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.01,0:02:54.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was beaten by IBM's computer Deep Blue,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.67,0:02:55.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it was seen as a sign
Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.81,0:03:00.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that computers were already becoming\Nmore powerful than our human minds.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.71,0:03:03.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some people predicted\Nthat soon we'd see the singularity,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.74,0:03:07.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a moment when we could merge our minds\Nwith superintelligent machines
Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.78,0:03:10.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and transcend our biological limitations.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.60,0:03:13.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I wasn't sure we should be giving up\Non our brains just yet,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:13.94,0:03:17.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and so first I traveled to South Korea
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.10,0:03:19.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to see how much\Nwe were capable of learning.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.68,0:03:24.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So on a warm Thursday morning in November,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.99,0:03:26.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I stood outside this concrete school hall
Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.96,0:03:30.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in Songdo future city,\Non the outskirts of Seoul,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:30.14,0:03:31.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as all across the country
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.35,0:03:33.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,hundreds of thousands\Nof South Korean teenagers
Dialogue: 0,0:03:33.56,0:03:35.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were sitting down\Nto the eight grueling hours
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.98,0:03:37.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of a Suneung,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.15,0:03:39.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,an exam that takes place\Non a single day each year
Dialogue: 0,0:03:39.77,0:03:41.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and is considered the world's toughest.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.68,0:03:44.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Afterwards, school leavers\Nare given a national rank
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.33,0:03:45.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that decides their whole lives:
Dialogue: 0,0:03:45.84,0:03:48.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what university they'll go to,\Nwhat job they can do -
Dialogue: 0,0:03:48.33,0:03:51.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,their whole health, wealth and happiness.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:51.22,0:03:54.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I was there to hear\Nthe story of Seung-Bin Lee,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:54.37,0:03:56.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who was a mild-mannered,\Nsoftly spoken 17-year-old
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.81,0:03:59.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who at that moment\Nwas sitting inside the exam hall,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:59.56,0:04:01.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,his hands shaking,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.08,0:04:03.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about to get started.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.17,0:04:06.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The country was exam crazy.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.73,0:04:07.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Earlier that morning,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.88,0:04:10.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,police on motorcycles\Nhad lined the streets,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:10.84,0:04:14.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ready to accompany\Nany latecomers to the exam hall.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.33,0:04:16.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the weeks leading up to the exam,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:16.07,0:04:17.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,newspapers ran articles
Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.25,0:04:19.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about what you should eat\Nfor optimum performance,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:19.62,0:04:21.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what clothes you should wear,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:21.17,0:04:24.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even what offerings you should leave\Nat the temple for the gods.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:24.60,0:04:27.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,During the 45 minutes\Nof the English-listening exam,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.06,0:04:29.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all flights in the country were grounded
Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.97,0:04:32.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so as not to affect\Nthe kids' concentration.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:33.81,0:04:37.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You see, Korean learning was all about\Nthese kind of marginal gains.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.75,0:04:39.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Seung-Bin even confided to me
Dialogue: 0,0:04:39.90,0:04:42.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that he'd been worried\Nabout overheating during the exam,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:42.67,0:04:46.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and so he'd sneaked off halfway through\Nto remove his underpants -
Dialogue: 0,0:04:46.70,0:04:47.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which begs the question
Dialogue: 0,0:04:47.83,0:04:50.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of what he did with them\Nfor the rest of the exam.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:51.39,0:04:53.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But you see, success was in these details.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.69,0:04:55.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He said you had to get into the zone
Dialogue: 0,0:04:55.45,0:04:58.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and become an instrument\Nof pure exam-taking technique.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:58.29,0:05:01.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was better, he said,\Nnot to think at all.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:01.11,0:05:02.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, it's extreme,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:02.51,0:05:06.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but Korea actually shows us the power\Nthat education can have on our minds.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:06.64,0:05:10.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sixty years ago, the country was broke\Ncoming out of the Korean War
Dialogue: 0,0:05:10.84,0:05:13.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and four in five Koreans were illiterate.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:13.08,0:05:16.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Today, its GDP has grown 40,000%
Dialogue: 0,0:05:16.16,0:05:18.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's one of the world's\Ntop high-tech economies,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:18.69,0:05:21.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with companies like Samsung and Hyundai.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:21.30,0:05:25.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's also now got the highest proportion\Nof university graduates, of population,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:25.78,0:05:27.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of any country in the world,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:27.41,0:05:32.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in 2010, it's teens were ranked\Nthe smartest teenagers in the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:32.94,0:05:35.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,An education minister there I talked to
Dialogue: 0,0:05:35.08,0:05:38.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,told me that you had to understand\Nthat Korea has no resources,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:38.52,0:05:41.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just their minds and hard work.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:43.54,0:05:46.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But this hard work\Nis taking a heavy toll in Korea.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:46.89,0:05:50.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Before I left, Seung-Bin showed me\Nhis revision time table.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:50.60,0:05:53.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the three years\Nleading up to the Suneung,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:53.05,0:05:57.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he'd worked 14 hours a day,\Nfive days a week,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:57.22,0:06:00.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and a relatively chilled out\N12 hours a day
Dialogue: 0,0:06:00.27,0:06:02.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on both Saturday and Sunday.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:02.77,0:06:06.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He told me that to relax,\Nonce a month he would watch a DVD.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:07.69,0:06:10.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Korea has the highest\Nteen suicide rate in the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:10.93,0:06:14.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Adults I spoke to cried\Nrecalling their school days.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:14.07,0:06:16.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When I asked Seung-Bin\Nwhat he did to beat this stress,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:16.90,0:06:18.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he just looked at me and said,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:18.35,0:06:21.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I know it sounds strange,\Nbut I have to work even harder."
Dialogue: 0,0:06:22.63,0:06:25.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, convinced of the power\Nof our minds to learn more,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:25.16,0:06:28.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I traveled next to Silicon Valley,\Npoint zero of the tech tsunami.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:28.90,0:06:31.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'd heard we might be able\Nto harness our computers
Dialogue: 0,0:06:31.34,0:06:33.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and make our minds\Nunimaginably more powerful.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:33.62,0:06:35.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I wanted to know if that was the case.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:35.86,0:06:38.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So at a place called Rocketship Schools
Dialogue: 0,0:06:38.02,0:06:39.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in San Jose,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:39.03,0:06:40.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I met my first robot teacher.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:40.79,0:06:43.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it wasn't an android\Nwith a human face;
Dialogue: 0,0:06:43.18,0:06:45.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,instead, it was a bit\Nof intelligent software
Dialogue: 0,0:06:45.35,0:06:47.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,inside an online learning environment.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:48.22,0:06:50.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So at Rocketship Schools,\Nthey've got the "Learning Lab."
Dialogue: 0,0:06:50.90,0:06:53.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I went there with\Nthe head teacher, Miss Guerrero,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:53.45,0:06:56.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,after I had watched her\Nlead 500 primary-school kids
Dialogue: 0,0:06:56.12,0:06:59.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a sing-and-dance-along\Nto "Shake It Off" by Taylor Swift,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:59.67,0:07:02.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which she called\N"morning coffee for the kids."
Dialogue: 0,0:07:02.57,0:07:04.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they were certainly pumped up.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:04.55,0:07:06.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So then we went to this cavernous room
Dialogue: 0,0:07:06.40,0:07:10.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in which there are 120 five-year-old kids\Nsitting in long rows in front of laptops.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:10.34,0:07:14.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Each of them was wearing a purple\Npolo shirt and outsize headphones.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:14.14,0:07:15.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the room was eerily silent
Dialogue: 0,0:07:15.58,0:07:20.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,except for the sound\Nof soft fingers tapping on keys.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:21.09,0:07:23.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So each kid was using a program\Ncalled ST Math or Lexile,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:23.94,0:07:25.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and as they were using it,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:25.22,0:07:28.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the computer began to understand\Ntheir individual strengths and weaknesses
Dialogue: 0,0:07:28.69,0:07:30.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and adapt the experience to them.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:30.33,0:07:32.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So they were building on their strengths
Dialogue: 0,0:07:32.26,0:07:35.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or tackling errors\Nthat they weren't so strong in -
Dialogue: 0,0:07:35.04,0:07:37.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,personalizing the experience\Nto each individual kid.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:37.83,0:07:40.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And every student would spend\Nbetween 60 and 90 minutes
Dialogue: 0,0:07:40.43,0:07:41.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on their laptop each day,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:41.73,0:07:43.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and there were no teachers in the room,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:43.65,0:07:46.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just a pair of untrained\Nyoung adult supervisors.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:46.27,0:07:47.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it worked.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:47.28,0:07:50.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At Rocketship Schools, the kids\Ndo pretty well in their math and English
Dialogue: 0,0:07:50.70,0:07:53.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,compared to their peers\Nfrom similar backgrounds.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:53.22,0:07:55.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I was struck by this thought:
Dialogue: 0,0:07:55.73,0:07:58.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Did it really make sense for computers\Nto be teaching kids things
Dialogue: 0,0:07:58.94,0:08:03.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the computers themselves\Ncould already do so much better?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:03.04,0:08:05.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A similar thought\Nhad occurred to Gary Kasparov
Dialogue: 0,0:08:05.66,0:08:07.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when he was defeated by Deep Blue.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:07.28,0:08:10.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this new kind of chess competition\Nemerged, called "Advanced Chess."
Dialogue: 0,0:08:10.68,0:08:11.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In these competitions,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:11.74,0:08:16.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,any combination of humans and computers\Ncan play chess against one another,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:16.82,0:08:18.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and until very recently,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:18.39,0:08:19.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the winners of those tournaments
Dialogue: 0,0:08:19.93,0:08:25.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,weren't the most powerful computers\Nnor the greatest human grandmasters;
Dialogue: 0,0:08:25.16,0:08:28.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,instead, they were teams\Nof amateur human players
Dialogue: 0,0:08:28.29,0:08:32.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who had learned to coach their laptops\Nto play chess really well.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:32.24,0:08:34.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Our ability to learn to coach our machines
Dialogue: 0,0:08:34.68,0:08:38.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,makes us more powerful\Nthan machines can ever be alone.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:39.49,0:08:42.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Down the coast from Rocketship,\Nat a place called High Tech High,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:42.55,0:08:45.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I saw kids learning\Nto use technology in this way.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:45.16,0:08:46.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So at High Tech High,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:46.19,0:08:49.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they spend about half their time\Nin these big cross-disciplinary projects.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:49.67,0:08:51.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in a single classroom of 16-year-olds,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:51.77,0:08:54.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they had divided themselves up\Ninto three groups.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:54.06,0:08:57.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One group was experimenting\Nwith making biodegradable seed pods;
Dialogue: 0,0:08:57.59,0:09:01.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,another group was planning and scripting\Na documentary they were going to film;
Dialogue: 0,0:09:01.32,0:09:04.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and a third group was building\Ntheir own drones, completely from scratch.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:04.88,0:09:06.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The class was going to end
Dialogue: 0,0:09:06.12,0:09:08.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with an excursion\Ninto the California wilderness,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:08.81,0:09:10.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where they were going\Nto make an aerial survey
Dialogue: 0,0:09:10.96,0:09:13.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the loss of plant species\Ndue to drought,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:13.07,0:09:15.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,replenish the ones missing\Nusing the seed pods,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:15.72,0:09:18.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the documentary crew\Nwas going to film the whole thing
Dialogue: 0,0:09:18.44,0:09:19.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and put it up on YouTube
Dialogue: 0,0:09:19.61,0:09:21.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to raise awareness\Nof environmental issues.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:21.63,0:09:25.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it showed me that although machines\Ndo risk making us stupid,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:25.17,0:09:28.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they can be harnessed to make us smarter.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:28.79,0:09:31.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But to what end should we put\Nthis new knowledge about the brain
Dialogue: 0,0:09:31.95,0:09:33.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this new technology?
Dialogue: 0,0:09:33.69,0:09:37.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How can we develop\Nour full collective capacity?
Dialogue: 0,0:09:37.12,0:09:38.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To find out, I went to Finland
Dialogue: 0,0:09:38.88,0:09:41.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and visited the classroom\Nof one of its most famous teachers,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:41.73,0:09:43.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a guy called Pekka Peura.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:43.28,0:09:44.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So at the start of his class,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:44.66,0:09:47.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he put up a question\Non the interactive whiteboard
Dialogue: 0,0:09:47.02,0:09:49.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that had the students beaming answers\Nusing their smartphones,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:49.93,0:09:51.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A, B, C, D or E,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:51.30,0:09:54.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which he then displayed\Nin a bar chart on the whiteboard.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:54.39,0:09:55.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He didn't give them the answer,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:55.87,0:09:57.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but asked them to talk to each other.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:57.66,0:09:59.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What answer had they given and why?
Dialogue: 0,0:09:59.34,0:10:02.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then got them to beam in\Ntheir answers for a second time.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:02.43,0:10:04.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the bar chart\Nhad shifted significantly;
Dialogue: 0,0:10:04.50,0:10:06.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the kids had taught each other.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:07.31,0:10:09.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Afterwards, Pekka Peura\Nexplained to me
Dialogue: 0,0:10:09.35,0:10:10.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that he saw his role
Dialogue: 0,0:10:10.71,0:10:12.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as being one of giving students
Dialogue: 0,0:10:12.96,0:10:17.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the skills and attitudes they needed\Nto learn things for themselves.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:17.60,0:10:20.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He'd studied how Google creates\Nits most successful teams
Dialogue: 0,0:10:20.46,0:10:23.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and was using those principles\Nto guide the practice in his classroom.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:23.98,0:10:27.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So he'd give the students everything\Nthey needed at the start of the term:
Dialogue: 0,0:10:27.46,0:10:30.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the textbook, the links\Nto online resources, the test,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:30.90,0:10:32.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even the answers to all the tests,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:32.64,0:10:35.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he would simply coach them\Nindividually and together
Dialogue: 0,0:10:35.25,0:10:40.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on their capacity to persevere, to learn,\Nto create, to imagine or to cooperate.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:41.15,0:10:42.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At the end of the term,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:42.25,0:10:45.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he even got the students\Nto choose their own grades,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:45.25,0:10:47.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which he would enter\Ninto the school system.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:47.67,0:10:51.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When I asked him what he did\Nif students fell behind in this approach,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:51.06,0:10:52.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he looked at me strangely:
Dialogue: 0,0:10:52.96,0:10:55.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"What is behind?" he said.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:55.54,0:11:00.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He thought we had to delete this idea\Nof competition entirely from education
Dialogue: 0,0:11:00.07,0:11:04.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and allow young people\Nto fail continually in small ways.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:04.59,0:11:07.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That was how he thought\Nwe would best learn.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:07.39,0:11:10.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So Finns love education.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:10.24,0:11:12.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The country has ten applicants\Nfor every one place
Dialogue: 0,0:11:12.61,0:11:15.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on its primary-teacher training programs.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:15.52,0:11:18.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That training includes\Nlearning how to play the piano
Dialogue: 0,0:11:18.28,0:11:20.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and learning how to ice-skate.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:20.54,0:11:22.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Finland also, by many measures,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:22.48,0:11:25.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,makes more of its people\Nthan any other country in the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:25.82,0:11:29.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It comes top of the World\NEconomic Forum's human capital index.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:29.16,0:11:33.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's the happiest country in the world\Naccording to a UN survey recently.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:33.76,0:11:35.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's also a hive of creativity,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:35.68,0:11:39.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,home to companies\Nlike Nokia and Angry Birds,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:39.77,0:11:43.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's also home to unique sports\Nlike hobby horsing,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:43.61,0:11:46.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is an imaginary form\Nof show jumping,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:46.55,0:11:49.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which was invented by Finnish teenagers.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:49.14,0:11:52.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Finland also has more\Nheavy metal bands per capita
Dialogue: 0,0:11:52.80,0:11:54.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than any other country in the world,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:54.86,0:11:59.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and Pekka Peura, that teacher,\Nwas the drummer in one of them.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:01.24,0:12:04.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So as I encountered these stories\Naround the world,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:04.96,0:12:08.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I thought often of my own students\Nback in South London.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:08.50,0:12:12.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We succeeded in the end -\Nat least in what we set out to do.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:12.07,0:12:17.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All of the kids got the C grade\Nthat they needed, or better, at GCSE,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:17.56,0:12:19.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the way that we'd got there,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:19.43,0:12:23.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with these long hours of exam practice\Nand extra English classes,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:23.47,0:12:26.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,left me feeling like I'd failed them.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:27.08,0:12:33.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Today, I think that we risk failing\Na whole generation of young people.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:34.05,0:12:37.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm not sure that we're setting up\Nour education systems
Dialogue: 0,0:12:37.08,0:12:41.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to give young people everything\Nthat is needed to thrive in today's world,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:41.55,0:12:44.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,let alone to take on\Nthe big challenges of the future,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:44.08,0:12:48.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like the automation of jobs\Nor global inequality or climate change.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:48.34,0:12:49.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But we could.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:49.64,0:12:55.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Everybody is capable of learning as much\Nas kids do in South Korea or Shanghai.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:55.02,0:12:58.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Everybody is capable of learning\Nto use the latest technology,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:58.09,0:13:00.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like they're doing at High Tech High.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:00.16,0:13:01.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Everyone is capable of developing
Dialogue: 0,0:13:01.95,0:13:05.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,their full human faculties\Nof creativity and cooperation,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:05.05,0:13:06.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like they're doing in Finland.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:06.77,0:13:08.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we can harness all this understanding,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:08.77,0:13:11.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think we can transform human learning.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:11.94,0:13:17.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So to date, there have been three\Nbig revolutions in the way that we learn.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:17.34,0:13:18.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The first was cognitive.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:18.76,0:13:22.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,About 100,000 years ago,\Nsomething changed in our brains
Dialogue: 0,0:13:22.14,0:13:23.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and language emerged,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:23.27,0:13:24.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with which we could share ideas
Dialogue: 0,0:13:24.92,0:13:27.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and pass knowledge down\Nbetween the generations.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:27.89,0:13:31.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,About 10,000 years ago\Ncame the schooling revolution.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:31.44,0:13:35.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Simultaneously in ancient China\Nand ancient Mesopotamia,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:35.15,0:13:38.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,schools sprang up in which to teach\Nthe new human technologies
Dialogue: 0,0:13:38.23,0:13:40.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of reading and writing.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:40.41,0:13:44.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,About 500 years ago, then,\Ncame a mass education revolution -
Dialogue: 0,0:13:44.81,0:13:48.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the printing press\Nand an opening up of religion -
Dialogue: 0,0:13:48.39,0:13:51.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that literacy exploded\Nacross the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:52.66,0:13:56.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Today, I think that you have the potential
Dialogue: 0,0:13:56.80,0:14:00.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to bring about\Na fourth learning revolution.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:01.53,0:14:06.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Science now shows us that each of us\Nis literally born to learn.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:06.10,0:14:08.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In our heads are learning devices
Dialogue: 0,0:14:08.30,0:14:10.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which, when put together,\Nare more powerful
Dialogue: 0,0:14:10.34,0:14:13.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than any computer that's been invented.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:14.18,0:14:19.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To thrive in our digital future,\Nwe need to learn to master our machines
Dialogue: 0,0:14:19.32,0:14:23.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by investing everything we have\Nin upgrading our own minds.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:24.29,0:14:25.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:25.86,0:14:27.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)