0:00:16.639,0:00:19.263 In a lot of countries in the West, 0:00:19.263,0:00:22.933 dealing with your waste, you're kind of separated from it, 0:00:22.933,0:00:26.643 you put it in the bin and it magically disappears. 0:00:26.643,0:00:29.357 Someone comes, it's all arranged for you. You don't have to think about it. 0:00:29.357,0:00:33.361 And here, you have to make an extra effort, because there really isn't a system, so you have to 0:00:33.361,0:00:37.221 think about it. You're confronted with it. So even though there's a really bad problem, there's a 0:00:37.221,0:00:41.398 positive side, because you're forced to recognize the problem. You're forced 0:00:41.398,0:00:45.807 to have to deal with it. So looking at that side of it, it's really an opportunity 0:00:45.807,0:00:50.545 for people to kind of confront their 0:00:50.545,0:00:52.782 their consumption, their pollution. 0:01:06.309,0:01:09.806 Bali has a problem about every year 0:01:09.806,0:01:13.901 our coastal, when it's the season once a year, 0:01:13.901,0:01:16.947 a lot of plastic garbage landed in Kuta 0:01:16.947,0:01:19.865 coastal. The government said this is because 0:01:19.865,0:01:25.079 of the sea tides. It's not about the 0:01:25.079,0:01:29.138 sea tides, from my opinion, it's about people still throw 0:01:29.138,0:01:32.253 plastic garbage in the river or in the 0:01:32.253,0:01:36.389 canals and they flow to the ocean, and the ocean will bring it back 0:01:36.389,0:01:37.782 to the land. 0:03:45.890,0:03:49.221 Waste management is a little bit the land of no one, no? 0:03:49.221,0:03:53.097 I mean it's a little bit, you can almost do 0:03:53.097,0:03:56.939 whatever you want without really being caught. / But the garbage problem 0:03:56.939,0:04:00.734 affects everybody, rich and poor, and if you can't deal with that 0:04:00.734,0:04:05.072 basic problem- pollution from your waste- then how are 0:04:05.072,0:04:09.118 you going to deal with these large, more complex problems, like deforestation, 0:04:09.118,0:04:12.954 destruction of the coral reef, and climate change. I mean, it's like 0:04:12.954,0:04:16.748 the easy one to handle. / If you're talking about 0:04:16.748,0:04:19.597 garbage problem in Bali, 0:04:19.597,0:04:25.813 from my perspective, 0:04:25.813,0:04:28.598 you can debate about it, but actually 0:04:28.598,0:04:32.514 the original 0:04:32.514,0:04:36.689 culture of people in Bali here, they're really 0:04:36.689,0:04:40.689 clean, in their house. They wake up in the morning, like 0:04:40.689,0:04:43.277 5:00 early, and already 0:04:43.277,0:04:48.614 clean their house, clean their yard, and 0:04:48.614,0:04:52.407 before sunset also they're doing the same thing 0:04:52.407,0:04:56.328 they clean it, and they throw all the garbage into 0:04:56.328,0:05:00.931 the area in the household 0:05:00.931,0:05:04.464 it's called "tegalang", it means 0:05:04.464,0:05:07.253 the area that you plant or grow anything, or 0:05:07.253,0:05:12.430 you grow a pig there or something. There is a special area 0:05:12.430,0:05:17.727 to put this garbage. But a long long time 0:05:17.727,0:05:21.189 ago, let's say 25 or 30 years ago, 0:05:21.189,0:05:26.276 most of this garbage was organic 0:05:26.276,0:05:28.151 and the Balinese, most 0:05:28.151,0:05:32.613 of the Balinese, are still doing this culture, 0:05:32.613,0:05:36.701 only the material of the garbage has changed. 0:05:36.701,0:05:39.417 Now it's plastic. / Waste is a man-made concept. 0:05:39.417,0:05:43.126 It didn't really exist, and it especially didn't exist before 0:05:43.126,0:05:47.215 the 50s and 60s. Everything was organic; we didn't have all this man-made 0:05:47.215,0:05:51.262 material. / Mostly things would have been packaged in banana leaves, so if you look at 0:05:51.262,0:05:56.100 the offerings, your daily offerings which can be bought at the market, 0:05:56.100,0:05:59.663 they are now being packaged in plastic bags, single use 0:05:59.663,0:06:03.182 very thin, high density plastic that is used once 0:06:03.182,0:06:06.359 and then thrown away because it's so thin you can't really reuse it. 0:06:06.359,0:06:11.496 That would have all been packaged in banana leaves. But I also think that 0:06:11.496,0:06:15.202 probably what's happened is the change in lifestyle - food also 0:06:15.202,0:06:19.668 would have been packaged in banana leaves - a change of lifestyle so that 0:06:19.668,0:06:22.876 now there's a lot more things available 0:06:22.876,0:06:27.087 on the market. In the past, I don't think, offerings 0:06:27.087,0:06:30.716 for instance as an example, would have been so widely 0:06:30.716,0:06:35.140 sold as they are nowadays. But so many people are working, 0:06:35.140,0:06:38.517 directly or indirectly, in the tourist industry, 0:06:38.517,0:06:43.021 so that, you know, increasingly people are having to 0:06:43.021,0:06:46.483 buy things which in the past they wouldn't have had to buy. / There really 0:06:46.483,0:06:50.902 wasn't the culture of obsolescence that exists today. 0:06:50.902,0:06:54.782 Traditionally in Indonesia, and also Bali of course, 0:06:54.782,0:06:59.289 most people don't want to pay for waste disposal. They never had 0:06:59.289,0:07:02.459 it. What they did with their waste was just throw it in the back, or burn it, 0:07:02.459,0:07:07.003 or throw it in the river, and those habits spill over into businesses. 0:07:07.003,0:07:09.923 People have a restaurant, or they have their hotel, and 0:07:09.923,0:07:13.843 they take the same approach. They're just like "get it away, get it away", and 0:07:13.843,0:07:18.580 they've never thought about having to pay for this. It's always, you can just throw it on the open lot 0:07:18.580,0:07:22.434 or throw it in the river, and it's taken care of. And it's further complicated now 0:07:22.434,0:07:25.829 in that you have a lot of large 0:07:25.829,0:07:29.997 hotels that produce a huge amount of waste, and there's actually a lot of valuable stuff in that waste. 0:07:29.997,0:07:35.448 And you have an informal scavenging sector that approach the 0:07:35.448,0:07:38.118 hotels and businesses and say, "We will provide waste services for you 0:07:38.118,0:07:41.829 for free, and we'll buy the waste." 0:07:41.829,0:07:46.326 And what they're really interested in, they're actually buying the waste, they're buying access to the recyclables. 0:07:46.326,0:07:50.506 So they're taking the stuff of value, but the stuff that has not value, guess where it goes: 0:07:50.506,0:07:54.718 in the river, on the side of the road, wherever. You really get what you pay for 0:07:54.718,0:07:58.597 and if you're selling you're waste or paying very little, you're going to have a dirty island. 0:07:58.597,0:08:02.768 And for the tourism sector, obviously it's in their interest not to have a dirty island. 0:08:02.768,0:08:06.975 So they have to make that leap and start realizing that if they want to have this thing 0:08:06.975,0:08:10.190 taken care of, the stuff that doesn't have value, you're going to have to pay for it. 0:08:10.190,0:08:14.865 Also another problem that we have in Bali is that plastic waste is often burned. 0:08:14.865,0:08:18.242 and this can create all sorts of problems. Respiratory 0:08:18.242,0:08:22.289 illnesses are the number one reported illness 0:08:22.289,0:08:25.456 in Bali. And if you're breathing in 0:08:25.456,0:08:30.252 plastic waste that's being burned, particularly 0:08:30.252,0:08:34.282 at the speed that it's being burned, because it's not 0:08:34.282,0:08:38.383 a high heat burning, which is less toxic, but it's 0:08:38.383,0:08:42.116 usually a smoldering slow burning heap, so 0:08:42.116,0:08:46.227 this can create all sorts of problems for human health and air quality. 0:08:46.227,0:08:50.856 I mean think of all these things we have that 0:08:50.856,0:08:53.784 are really pointless. A plastic bag, you use 0:08:53.784,0:08:56.905 for 15 minutes, and then it's around 0:08:56.905,0:09:00.655 for your grand kids and their grand kids. 0:09:00.655,0:09:02.040 It's just insane. 0:09:02.040,0:09:05.203 And it's not just plastic bags, there are some things you 0:09:05.203,0:09:08.808 look around, from plastic straws to 0:09:08.808,0:09:13.642 plastic bottles... I mean the idea that a plastic bottle consumes 0:09:13.642,0:09:17.175 a typical 600ml plastic bottle 0:09:17.175,0:09:21.346 needs a quarter of it in oil 0:09:21.346,0:09:25.099 to produce that bottle is just mind-boggling. When you're looking at that plastic bottle 0:09:25.099,0:09:28.685 you're not buying water; you're buying crude oil. 0:09:28.685,0:09:32.898 And then, in Bali, people don't realize how many bottles 0:09:32.898,0:09:37.316 there are. Just water bottles, there are over 3 million 0:09:37.316,0:09:40.990 bottle a day, and that doesn't include all the other kinds of beverages, 0:09:40.990,0:09:44.574 from your soda to your energy 0:09:44.574,0:09:49.622 drinks and things like that. And even if you were able to recycle 0:09:49.622,0:09:53.724 90% of those, you would still have 0:09:53.724,0:09:56.642 300,000 of them being thrown in the 0:09:56.642,0:10:02.093 environment every day. It's not acceptable. It's nonsense. 0:10:02.093,0:10:04.642 In Bali we produce 20,000 0:10:04.642,0:10:09.142 cubic metres of waste everyday. And if we say that 15% of that is 0:10:09.142,0:10:11.811 plastic, then that means we're producing 0:10:11.811,0:10:15.982 3,000 cubic metres of plastic waste everyday. 0:10:15.982,0:10:19.780 I think that it's an incredibly valuable resource; it's mined, 0:10:19.780,0:10:23.947 oil is drilled from the ground and it creates this 0:10:23.947,0:10:27.893 product which is incredibly useful, so it should be rightly 0:10:27.893,0:10:31.957 respected as a resource, and used and used and reused 0:10:31.957,0:10:35.746 and reused again and again and again. Our argument 0:10:35.746,0:10:39.725 as a campaign is not with plastic; it's about our consumption, 0:10:39.725,0:10:43.090 and our habits around this disposable 0:10:43.090,0:10:47.307 culture that we've created. / I mean people come to Bali 0:10:47.307,0:10:51.518 and they've looked at the brochure; they've heard about it or read about it, 0:10:51.518,0:10:55.063 and seen stuff, and they have this image of what Bali is, 0:10:55.063,0:10:58.980 and there have been a few times where they've been 0:10:58.980,0:11:02.974 quite shocked at what happens, what actually is the situation. There 0:11:02.974,0:11:07.225 was a story, where I was asked to help with this hotel, they had had a 0:11:07.225,0:11:10.998 problem with garbage that right in front of their hotel entrance, literally, 0:11:10.998,0:11:15.059 there was a huge garbage dump, and it would burn almost every 0:11:15.059,0:11:18.795 day, and the smoke would go right through the hotel's lobby, 0:11:18.795,0:11:22.922 and through their restaurant and through to the beach, and it wasn't good for business, 0:11:22.922,0:11:26.680 as you might suspect. So they had tried every, they had called 0:11:26.680,0:11:30.432 every government office, I think even calling up to the Governor to help deal with this problem, 0:11:30.432,0:11:32.644 and nothing every happened. And so out of desperation they asked for help, and 0:11:32.644,0:11:37.816 I went down there and did a quick little survey, 0:11:37.816,0:11:42.821 you know, I was working for an NGO back then and they were willing to pay us to do it, 0:11:42.821,0:11:46.617 and at the time we thought quite a bit. If we knew how much money they were losing 0:11:46.617,0:11:50.216 we would have asked for more. But we did a survey of what was going on 0:11:50.216,0:11:54.541 and what we discovered was that most of the garbage burning in front of the hotel was their own, 0:11:54.541,0:11:57.999 that they had created their own problem. And why that happened was they were 0:11:57.999,0:12:02.005 selling their garbage to the local trash guy 0:12:02.005,0:12:06.007 and he was just taking what he wanted out of it and dumping everything in the traditional dump. 0:12:06.007,0:12:09.348 In fact, the dump had been there before the hotel. 0:12:09.348,0:12:13.769 So no one in the hotel had bothered to go across the street and look, and they would have seen their logo. 0:12:13.769,0:12:18.398 They would have seen it. And their reaction at first was, "well, let's fire 0:12:18.398,0:12:21.901 this guy and get rid of him," and I said, no, that's not going to work. If you replace him 0:12:21.901,0:12:25.070 it's going to be the same thing. The problem is not this guy dumping here, the problem 0:12:25.070,0:12:28.908 is you're asking him to pay for this garbage. 0:12:28.908,0:12:33.548 You should be paying him to take care of it properly, to dump it at 0:12:33.548,0:12:37.749 the landfill; a novel idea! I mean they really 0:12:37.749,0:12:41.465 were kind of accustomed to selling their garbage. It's completely crazy! 0:12:41.465,0:12:45.341 And they realized that they needed to change, 0:12:45.341,0:12:49.511 and it was easy to make the decision, because they were losing tens of thousands 0:12:49.511,0:12:53.381 of dollars a day. I mean, they were losing a lot of money. So to switch over and pay 0:12:53.381,0:12:57.604 a local guy a few hundred dollars a month to take care of it made a 0:12:57.604,0:13:01.297 lot of sense. / So every year, Bali has I think it's 0:13:01.297,0:13:06.154 4 million domestic tourists and 3 million international tourists. 0:13:06.154,0:13:09.281 Now on top of that, we have a population that's just about reached 0:13:09.281,0:13:13.871 4 million. So you think of that in terms of 0:13:13.871,0:13:18.709 the resources that every tourist 0:13:18.709,0:13:21.372 uses, and it's estimated that a tourist will consume 4 times the amount 0:13:21.372,0:13:24.966 of an average local person. What's happening with all 0:13:24.966,0:13:29.421 the rubbish they're producing? / There might be a dump nearby that's 0:13:29.421,0:13:33.223 by a river that's going out, and you're wondering why there's all this garbage in the ocean. 0:13:33.223,0:13:37.353 It might be coming from the places where you're staying, 0:13:37.353,0:13:40.895 or eating at. / One of the main 0:13:40.895,0:13:44.444 proponents against the illegal dumping was always saying, 0:13:44.444,0:13:49.946 "they make the money in Ubud, and we get the trash." 0:13:49.946,0:13:56.661 You know, maybe it's the location of it, 0:13:56.661,0:13:58.499 and also the agreement and acceptance of 0:13:58.499,0:14:01.045 the past decision makers to allow the trash 0:14:01.045,0:14:05.004 to come in. So they said, "oh great, we have a place, and there's an agreement, 0:14:05.004,0:14:08.716 and look, our trash is actually helping you to build a road, 0:14:08.716,0:14:12.513 that's going to connect it to land that 0:14:12.513,0:14:16.389 was otherwise inaccessible." So, I truly 0:14:16.389,0:14:20.437 believe that they felt there was a mutual benefit 0:14:20.437,0:14:24.518 exchange happening. It only was until 0:14:24.518,0:14:28.735 recently that they realized maybe this deal isn't so good, 0:14:28.735,0:14:31.989 and put a stop to it, and 0:14:31.989,0:14:36.463 the kepala desa, the head of the village, was actually able to implement that, 0:14:36.463,0:14:40.413 and endorse it and make it happen. 0:14:40.413,0:14:44.333 I think the Bali government has already made a road map: "Bali go Clean and Green". 0:14:44.333,0:14:48.590 It's like the big agenda in our government; 0:14:48.590,0:14:52.756 how to make Bali more sustainable, more eco, 0:14:52.756,0:14:56.640 more green, you know. Actually if we see 0:14:56.640,0:15:00.430 the road map, it's already good. I mean, the short term 0:15:00.430,0:15:04.898 planning, the medium term planning, the long term planning, it's already good. 0:15:04.898,0:15:07.155 And then, the policy of this 0:15:07.155,0:15:12.154 planning, is based on the 3 big main 0:15:12.154,0:15:16.045 agenda. First, education, formal or informal. 0:15:16.045,0:15:20.740 And the second: involve the private sector. I mean, 0:15:20.740,0:15:23.827 like companies, or the corporations that make 0:15:23.827,0:15:28.171 business in Bali, because tourism is the most 0:15:28.171,0:15:32.466 main business, but also the garbage or the 0:15:32.466,0:15:34.803 pollution is also made by this big industry. 0:15:34.803,0:15:38.557 And the third is 0:15:38.557,0:15:42.894 involve the peoples' action. I mean, 0:15:42.894,0:15:47.603 the community action. / There's actually a lot of people out there that are 0:15:47.603,0:15:51.045 concerned about the problem, but they don't know what to do, and they're completely, 0:15:51.045,0:15:55.239 you know, frustrated with it. And when you start setting these examples 0:15:55.239,0:15:59.160 they see that and then they come to you, and that's what's happening. 0:15:59.160,0:16:03.378 I believe there are lots of grassroots movements 0:16:03.378,0:16:07.459 in Bali, made by NGOs 0:16:07.459,0:16:11.423 or made by just social local 0:16:11.423,0:16:16.969 organizations, already making a good movement about 0:16:16.969,0:16:19.642 and making awareness to the locals 0:16:19.642,0:16:23.559 on how to separate the garbage 0:16:23.559,0:16:27.379 and how to make compost from the organic 0:16:27.379,0:16:31.066 garbage, but right now, from 0:16:31.066,0:16:34.987 my perspective, it's just a small movement. 0:16:34.987,0:16:38.155 So, I think to make it effective, 0:16:38.155,0:16:43.162 we should involve, or put social pressure on, 0:16:43.162,0:16:47.367 the government to make a local law, like 'perdau' or 'awig awig' 0:16:47.367,0:16:52.046 to make it more significant, to make a more significant change, 0:16:52.046,0:16:54.174 I mean, to make it more effective and efficient. 0:16:54.174,0:16:58.761 We consulted with the community leaders, and we heard that they have 0:16:58.761,0:17:03.350 big plans for their village to try and revitalize their economy here 0:17:03.350,0:17:06.852 with a cultural and ecotourism 0:17:06.852,0:17:11.900 program that just got launched about a year and a half ago. 0:17:11.900,0:17:15.130 In addition to helping them to kind of 0:17:15.130,0:17:19.490 formulate their tourism program, because they asked us for some 0:17:19.490,0:17:23.129 advice from a foreigner perspective, 0:17:23.129,0:17:26.663 we also gave advice on the waste management stuff, which 0:17:26.663,0:17:31.169 the community had been working on, some members of the community had been working on 0:17:31.169,0:17:34.957 for 15 years, because this illegal dump site 0:17:34.957,0:17:37.800 started about 15 years ago, and there are people in the community that have 0:17:37.800,0:17:43.966 protested against it since then. 0:17:43.966,0:17:46.599 Coincidentally, about 0:17:46.599,0:17:50.937 a year after we started the project in this community, the illegal dump 0:17:50.937,0:17:54.984 site had been shut down after 15 years of operating, 0:17:54.984,0:17:59.149 which, for us, felt like a monumental success for the village 0:17:59.149,0:18:01.991 to achieve that. It was really quite a big deal. 0:18:01.991,0:18:06.640 Still, it's not perfect right now, because 0:18:06.640,0:18:11.333 you know, the waste still has to be handled, but the decision to stop 0:18:11.333,0:18:14.921 the incoming 14 trucks a day of waste 0:18:14.921,0:18:18.972 from outside of this village that's not even theirs was a huge 0:18:18.972,0:18:22.428 decision that we felt really proud of 0:18:22.428,0:18:25.841 the people for being able to achieve that. 0:18:25.841,0:18:29.226 I definitely think it could be replicated in other villages. 0:18:29.226,0:18:35.192 Of course the joint shared vision and desire has to be there. 0:18:35.192,0:18:38.443 Many times, people kind of throw their hands up in the air, and are like "what am I going to do?" but there are actually a lot of 0:18:38.443,0:18:42.196 things you can do, and you have to start, maybe small in the beginning, 0:18:42.196,0:18:45.323 but you have to start. / If you have a small organic farm 0:18:45.323,0:18:51.207 in your house, even a small one, 0:18:51.207,0:18:54.922 it will effectively decrease 0:18:54.922,0:18:58.131 the garbage problem. For example, 0:18:58.131,0:19:00.348 like my kitchen waste: 0:19:00.348,0:19:06.096 more or less, like 70% is 0:19:06.096,0:19:09.978 organic, so I have a compost box, I just put this 0:19:09.978,0:19:15.023 70% of organic [waste] into the compost, because this will go 0:19:15.023,0:19:17.609 back again to nature, you know, back again to my 0:19:17.609,0:19:23.589 vegetable plot, and then the rest, 30%, 0:19:23.589,0:19:25.694 most of this 30% not organic 0:19:25.694,0:19:29.923 garbage is recyclable, 0:19:29.923,0:19:34.171 and has an economic value, too, because 0:19:34.171,0:19:37.706 in Bali we have 'pemulung'. Pemulung are like the garbage 0:19:37.706,0:19:41.716 collectors. Sometimes they buy it from you, 0:19:41.716,0:19:45.676 from every house. They will travel around [saying], "berang bekas, 0:19:45.676,0:19:49.516 berang bekas," meaning like "garbage, garbage," and then 0:19:49.516,0:19:53.672 they will buy it. They have a really good value for plastic, for bottles, like 0:19:53.672,0:19:56.396 beer bottles, for paper, for 0:19:56.396,0:20:01.861 aluminium, metal, steel, copper, they have 0:20:01.861,0:20:05.198 a really really good price to buy it from the people, 0:20:05.198,0:20:09.536 and most of this 30% not organic 0:20:09.536,0:20:13.374 garbage from my kitchen is recyclable, so you can 0:20:13.374,0:20:17.006 sell it, or just give it, to this garbage collector, 0:20:17.006,0:20:21.587 and this 25% will be going 0:20:21.587,0:20:25.299 to recycle, to be something good, new goods, and 0:20:25.299,0:20:29.554 so only 5% is your actual 0:20:29.554,0:20:33.808 garbage, what we call really garbage. This is 0:20:33.808,0:20:36.770 like the soft plastic material, like biscuits, 0:20:36.770,0:20:42.481 'kemasan' biscuit packaging, or plastic bags. 0:20:42.481,0:20:45.445 So, from my opinion, if there's only 0:20:45.445,0:20:50.450 5% garbage going to the dumping place because we cannot do anything with it 0:20:50.450,0:20:53.537 I think the dumping place would not 0:20:53.537,0:20:57.207 be so full so quickly. / So I think the most practical way now 0:20:57.207,0:21:01.371 that we in Bali don't have a waste management facility 0:21:01.371,0:21:05.418 yet, a proper one, is to do waste prevention: each household 0:21:05.418,0:21:08.379 can do that, like bringing your own bag, bringing your own 0:21:08.379,0:21:12.221 container, bringing your own bottle, so you don't 0:21:12.221,0:21:16.423 add more waste. I know it looks just small. 0:21:16.423,0:21:19.855 "But it's only one plastic bag!" But 0:21:19.855,0:21:25.026 well, I worked with a group of students once, and we asked them 0:21:25.026,0:21:28.821 to observe how many plastic bags entered the household 0:21:28.821,0:21:31.700 each [day], and one student came 0:21:31.700,0:21:34.536 and said, "5 plastic bags". Ok, let's calculate. 0:21:34.536,0:21:39.415 In a month, that will be 150. 0:21:39.415,0:21:44.105 And how many people, how many families, more or less 0:21:44.105,0:21:47.338 in your banjar (village)? She said, "55". That means, in a year, 0:21:47.338,0:21:52.389 there will be more than like 10,000 plastic bags. That's a lot. 0:21:52.389,0:21:55.557 This happened to me, because when we're talking about plastic, for example, 0:21:55.557,0:21:59.690 the big problem in Bali, I tried to live a one 0:21:59.690,0:22:03.606 month "plastic diet". 0:22:03.606,0:22:06.320 We call it "plastic diet". Just to get 0:22:06.320,0:22:11.031 the data about how difficult it would be to live without, 0:22:11.031,0:22:17.940 to minimize as much as possible using plastic. 0:22:17.940,0:22:20.331 It can be done. 0:22:20.331,0:22:24.461 We go shopping, we just bring our own bags, 0:22:24.461,0:22:30.339 our own carrier, so it's not so difficult. 0:22:30.339,0:22:33.637 For most of our customers, we provide them with a monthly recycling report. 0:22:33.637,0:22:37.190 So, they get a sheet of paper that says, ok these are the things that 0:22:37.190,0:22:38.893 you were able to recycle: this much aluminum, this much plastic bottles, this much 0:22:38.893,0:22:45.606 of this other plastic, paper, blah, blah, blah. And then we go down the list of other 0:22:45.606,0:22:49.694 things that were man made but weren't recyclable. 0:22:49.694,0:22:53.366 You know, styrofoam, or some hazardous stuff. And then we go down into 0:22:53.366,0:22:57.328 the organics and explain to them the food waste we collected and all that, so they have a record 0:22:57.328,0:23:00.865 of what actually they are producing. And at first, 0:23:00.865,0:23:04.501 you know, they're like, "oh, that's cute, that's nice, whatever," but after a while, when they look 0:23:04.501,0:23:08.629 back and they see, over 6 months or a year, they realize 0:23:08.629,0:23:11.605 actually how much waste they produce. And in some cases, it's quite 0:23:11.605,0:23:15.354 shocking. So it's kind of a wake-up call, and it makes them realize that 0:23:15.354,0:23:20.059 yes, they are polluters; they have to think about their impacts. 0:23:20.059,0:23:22.773 I think tourists have an enormous responsibility for 0:23:22.773,0:23:27.898 the impacts that they create on any country that they visit. 0:23:27.898,0:23:31.398 They contribute a huge amount to the amount of waste that needs 0:23:31.398,0:23:35.406 to be dealt with, so, you know, 0:23:35.406,0:23:40.621 they can make a positive impact by perhaps the hotels that they 0:23:40.621,0:23:43.623 choose to stay at, making sure, asking, "ok, what's your 0:23:43.623,0:23:47.377 environmental policy? What do you do with your waste? I want to make sure 0:23:47.377,0:23:51.759 that the waste that I'm creating at this hotel, or what the hotel is creating 0:23:51.759,0:23:55.135 is ending up at the right place, not going and polluting the rivers 0:23:55.135,0:23:58.721 and going into the ocean and actually degrading the whole 0:23:58.721,0:24:03.268 tourist experience." The whole point of going to a place 0:24:03.268,0:24:06.815 for a holiday, a nice holiday, is to relax, maybe enjoy the sea, but if there's 0:24:06.815,0:24:10.524 a bunch of trash in it, then obviously it's not really 0:24:10.524,0:24:15.071 what you came here for. So you can ask your hotel what they do with their stuff. 0:24:15.071,0:24:18.575 You can, before coming here, make a pledge 0:24:18.575,0:24:22.830 to support a local organization that's maybe working to support 0:24:22.830,0:24:26.287 the environment, to keep the place that you're coming to visit beautiful and 0:24:26.287,0:24:30.376 functioning, and you can donate to those organization, those 0:24:30.376,0:24:33.961 non-profits, and support projects like that. 0:24:33.961,0:24:39.013 And, on a larger scale, 0:24:39.013,0:24:42.749 I would like to see the places, 0:24:42.749,0:24:46.305 the tourist destinations, perhaps saying that 0:24:46.305,0:24:50.314 1% of money that you spend on hotel 0:24:50.314,0:24:54.416 or food or airline tickets goes to 0:24:54.416,0:24:58.532 supporting an environmental fund, or a green fund. There are places 0:24:58.532,0:25:02.119 that have done that effectively, like Gili Trawangan, off the 0:25:02.119,0:25:05.455 coast of Lombok, has the Gili Ecotrust, so 0:25:05.455,0:25:10.211 you know, just a small amount, I think it's a dollar per day per tourist goes to 0:25:10.211,0:25:14.169 that fund, and that helps to do the waste management 0:25:14.169,0:25:18.254 and addresses different environmental issues. / Everyone wants 0:25:18.254,0:25:22.015 to be green, and basically the first phase of that is you have some pioneers 0:25:22.015,0:25:25.641 that are being green, and then everyone jumps on the bandwagon and says they're green, and 0:25:25.641,0:25:29.103 more often than not, unfortunately a lot of people are just saying they're green. 0:25:29.103,0:25:34.193 They might have good intentions, others might not, but it's just a marketing element, and they say "We're green!" 0:25:34.193,0:25:39.276 or "We recycle, we do that," but as people, 0:25:39.276,0:25:41.242 as customers and people understand that it's not enough just to say 0:25:41.242,0:25:44.791 that, they have to prove it, they have to explain what they do. And even 0:25:44.791,0:25:49.333 you know, just asking questions and that, it adds up, 0:25:49.333,0:25:53.377 it helps. / At the top of any waste management 0:25:53.377,0:25:57.592 plan should always be prevetion 0:25:57.592,0:26:01.093 first, then reduction, and then you start looking at, ok, 0:26:01.093,0:26:04.892 well the waste is already there, what can we do with it? Can we reuse it? Ok, if we can't 0:26:04.892,0:26:08.957 reuse it, can we recycle it? But it's got to be in that 0:26:08.957,0:26:13.148 pyramid of priorities. / So what the coalition is doing right now 0:26:13.148,0:26:17.445 is to encourage business to do waste prevention, we 0:26:17.445,0:26:21.281 call it Plastic Detox Bali. Our community, right 0:26:21.281,0:26:24.993 now, people right now, are addicted to plastic. They 0:26:24.993,0:26:29.540 tend to freak out, like "WHAT? No plastic allowed??" 0:26:29.540,0:26:33.501 We have to keep reminding, we're not anti-plastic; 0:26:33.501,0:26:37.487 we need plastic. But you need to learn how to use it wisely. 0:26:37.487,0:26:41.217 So, to help them 0:26:41.217,0:26:43.261 ease this addiction, 0:26:43.261,0:26:47.570 I guess, Plastic Detox Bali. 0:26:47.570,0:26:52.013 There's a series of actions that business can 0:26:52.013,0:26:57.107 take. Like first, we ask them not to provide plastic bags 0:26:57.107,0:27:01.780 for free. / What I think should be done on Bali, 0:27:01.780,0:27:05.409 and perhaps in the rest of Indonesia, but certainly in Bali, is 0:27:05.409,0:27:09.008 first introduce a bag tax. Make people pay 0:27:09.008,0:27:13.509 for it. Pay for the plastic bag. Pay for the privilege. 0:27:13.509,0:27:20.133 Pay for the mounting external costs, because 0:27:20.133,0:27:21.800 then hopefully people will realize this is not free. People think it's free now 0:27:21.800,0:27:25.178 and they think it's modern. They think free, modernity, nice, ya? "Asik, dong?" 0:27:25.178,0:27:29.223 But it's not. Because what about the cost of 0:27:29.223,0:27:33.143 cleaning it up over the long term. What about the health costs incurred by people who inhale 0:27:33.143,0:27:37.441 the dioxins created by burning it. What about the people who eat it 0:27:37.441,0:27:41.196 in their fish? What are the public health costs? 0:27:41.196,0:27:45.157 You know, all these costs. I mean, we're talking millions and millions and millions 0:27:45.157,0:27:49.328 of dollars. So you want to make waste management, or you want to do 0:27:49.328,0:27:53.750 waste reduction? Which one is more cost efficient, cost effective? 0:27:53.750,0:27:56.541 For a government that's struggling, that can't even provide water to the residents in 0:27:56.541,0:28:01.091 Denpasar, there are so many other crises that are impending on this 0:28:01.091,0:28:05.679 island, you know, plastic should be the easiest thing. Just put a bag tax, and then 0:28:05.679,0:28:08.889 when people already realize, there's already public support, "hey, 0:28:08.889,0:28:13.143 bags are expensive," then you do a bag ban. Ban it. 0:28:13.143,0:28:16.974 Ban the single use plastic bag. Ireland? 92% reduction in 0:28:16.974,0:28:20.626 2 weeks!!! They just banned it outright, and it's possible 0:28:20.626,0:28:24.823 in a place like Bali: it's an island. You could just ban the bag. 0:28:24.823,0:28:28.737 And people would just have to learn to deal with it. You learn. 0:28:28.737,0:28:33.078 The first or second time you go to the store and you don't have a bag, and you're either 0:28:33.078,0:28:37.000 forced to buy a bag or you've got to go home and get one, you won't forget again. 0:28:37.000,0:28:40.712 You know, instant behavior shift. Instant. 0:28:40.712,0:28:44.465 And people will grumble, and [complain], but grow up! 0:28:44.465,0:28:48.345 We have to be adults about the environment we live in. / Students are the 0:28:48.345,0:28:52.806 next leaders to come in the very near future, so 0:28:52.806,0:28:56.228 they need to be able to have access to 0:28:56.228,0:29:00.149 the kind of information and education to be made aware. 0:29:00.149,0:29:04.820 And often times, not just in Indonesia, but in many 0:29:04.820,0:29:08.626 countries, the school curriculum is outdated. It's not relevant to 0:29:08.626,0:29:12.208 the current issues that we're facing in modern times, so 0:29:12.208,0:29:16.665 to be able to infuse the perhaps outdated 0:29:16.665,0:29:19.249 or "has-room-to-grow" curriculum, 0:29:19.249,0:29:23.749 we feel that would be really effective, and get the kids excited. 0:29:23.749,0:29:27.551 We started to select schools in different areas, many of them were in 0:29:27.551,0:29:33.174 a little bit more remote areas, where they didn't really have any 0:29:33.174,0:29:36.058 collection service, so typically the school would be burning 0:29:36.058,0:29:40.271 the waste, or throwing it in the river at the back. We had very good 0:29:40.271,0:29:43.859 discussions in a high school, in which, without 0:29:43.859,0:29:47.696 wanting to say what was the solution, we were asking, 0:29:47.696,0:29:51.241 "What do you think should be done, what can you do 0:29:51.241,0:29:56.871 to reduce waste in your daily situation?" 0:29:56.871,0:29:59.869 And without having to say anything, because we had refreshments 0:29:59.869,0:30:03.630 around that were served by the school, students went straight away, 0:30:03.630,0:30:07.997 "This can take away, this we can reintroduce the banana leaf, 0:30:07.997,0:30:10.802 don't use that and that." 0:30:10.802,0:30:14.844 So, I think actually the high schools 0:30:14.844,0:30:19.978 should be a pretty good target. / A lot of programs, they don't need a lot of 0:30:19.978,0:30:24.356 money, but they need some. And if you could help 0:30:24.356,0:30:28.317 in the fundraising efforts for getting these programs off the ground 0:30:28.317,0:30:32.781 or sustaining them, it would be a huge, huge help. 0:30:32.781,0:30:35.988 When you think about it on that global scale, 0:30:35.988,0:30:40.330 what will future communities do? 0:30:40.330,0:30:43.878 The solution for me, is back again 0:30:43.878,0:30:48.094 to the government, because 0:30:48.094,0:30:51.926 the people, most of the people here, already agree about 0:30:51.926,0:31:00.352 the garbage separation or the recycle, all the 0:31:00.352,0:31:03.630 slogans, like "Reduce, reuse, recycle" 0:31:03.630,0:31:06.913 or "Bali go clean and green". 0:31:06.913,0:31:12.657 Everyone already agrees on those slogans. But what we're talking about now 0:31:12.657,0:31:15.746 is after the slogan, or after the 0:31:15.746,0:31:19.453 the idea, something that you wrote, the words 0:31:19.453,0:31:22.585 you have to do the action right now, right? 0:31:22.585,0:31:27.044 So what we're waiting for now, we as the grassroots movement, or 0:31:27.044,0:31:31.967 the people still doing what we believe it, what we're waiting for 0:31:31.967,0:31:35.303 is the government law to support this action. 0:31:35.303,0:31:38.932 To institute that change on such a massive 0:31:38.932,0:31:43.646 scale, wow, I mean, the government 0:31:43.646,0:31:47.022 needs to intervene, and it needs to intervene from the top 0:31:47.022,0:31:50.228 all the way down to the village. 0:31:50.228,0:31:55.162 Every level, you know, and the way, with regional autonomy in Indonesia, 0:31:55.162,0:31:58.201 ya, the Governor can say it should be like this, but then the Bupatis 0:31:58.201,0:32:01.779 need to follow suit. They need to care; they need to really care. 0:32:01.779,0:32:05.585 I think now the government still doesn't have any serious concern about the garbage 0:32:05.585,0:32:09.747 but I do believe, especially the Balinese 0:32:09.747,0:32:13.885 local government, because government in Bali is quite 0:32:13.885,0:32:18.721 unique, we have a formal government and an informal government, and they are both equally strong, 0:32:18.721,0:32:21.515 50-50. So if both these governments 0:32:21.515,0:32:25.896 had a really serious concern about the garbage or waste 0:32:25.896,0:32:29.648 issue, it would be socialized 0:32:29.648,0:32:33.277 effectively in the public. We, people here, 0:32:33.277,0:32:37.566 would support 100%. So make it real. 0:33:32.852,0:33:37.551 "Refuse plastic bags, refuse plastic bags, 0:33:37.551,0:33:40.173 plastic, plastic, plastic, 0:33:40.173,0:33:44.640 refuse plastic bags. Bali is a beautiful island, 0:33:44.640,0:33:47.643 plastic bags are giving it a scaly skin, 0:33:47.643,0:33:51.643 Let's play music, and support a beautiful Bali without plastic."