0:00:00.533,0:00:03.967
Speaker:[br]Mr. President,[br]ladies and gentlemen,

0:00:03.967,0:00:09.600
history is more than the[br]path left by the past.

0:00:09.600,0:00:14.700
It influences the present[br]and can shape the future.

0:00:14.700,0:00:18.033
We meet today in[br]Westminster Hall,

0:00:18.033,0:00:23.567
a building begun 900 years ago[br]when the Vikings were visiting

0:00:23.567,0:00:28.300
the shores of what would[br]become the United States,

0:00:28.300,0:00:32.232
even if it was Columbus who[br]would subsequently demonstrate

0:00:32.232,0:00:36.066
the politician's art[br]of arriving late,

0:00:36.066,0:00:37.800
but claiming all the credit.

0:00:37.800,0:00:40.767
(laughter)

0:00:40.767,0:00:45.033
This hall has witnessed grim[br]trials in the sentencing to

0:00:45.033,0:00:51.533
death of a king, coronation[br]banquets, ceremonial addresses,

0:00:51.533,0:00:56.000
and the coffins of those[br]receiving the last respects of

0:00:56.000,0:00:58.266
our people.

0:00:58.266,0:01:04.700
Few places reach so far into[br]the heart of our nation.

0:01:04.700,0:01:11.333
Yet until today, no American[br]president has stood on these

0:01:11.333,0:01:16.433
steps to address our[br]country's Parliament.

0:01:16.433,0:01:23.600
It is my honor, Mr. President,[br]to welcome you as our friend and

0:01:23.600,0:01:26.266
as a statesman.

0:01:26.266,0:01:33.033
Statesmanship is the cement[br]which seals our shared idealism

0:01:33.033,0:01:34.000
as nations.

0:01:34.000,0:01:38.767
It makes meaningful the unity of[br]ambition, passion for freedom,

0:01:38.767,0:01:43.333
and abhorrence of injustice[br]that is the call of our

0:01:43.333,0:01:45.467
close alliance.

0:01:45.467,0:01:52.133
It has fallen to you to tackle[br]economic turbulence at home,

0:01:52.133,0:01:57.867
to protect the health[br]of those without wealth,

0:01:57.867,0:02:03.734
and to seek that precious[br]balance between security which

0:02:03.734,0:02:09.233
is too often threatened, and[br]human rights which are too

0:02:09.233,0:02:12.200
often denied.

0:02:12.200,0:02:18.367
History is not the burden of[br]any one man or woman alone.

0:02:18.367,0:02:23.133
But some are called to[br]meet a special share of

0:02:23.133,0:02:25.400
it's challenges.

0:02:25.400,0:02:31.800
It is a duty that you discharge[br]with a dignity, determination,

0:02:31.800,0:02:36.967
and distinction that[br]are widely admired.

0:02:36.967,0:02:42.200
Abraham Lincoln once observed[br]that nearly all men can

0:02:42.200,0:02:45.200
stand adversity.

0:02:45.200,0:02:51.367
But if you want to test a man's[br]character, give him power.

0:02:51.367,0:02:55.233
Ladies and gentlemen, the[br]President of the United States

0:02:55.233,0:02:58.233
of America, Barack Obama.

0:02:58.233,0:03:16.400
(applause)

0:03:16.400,0:03:17.934
President Obama:[br]Thank you very much.

0:03:17.934,0:03:24.533
(applause)

0:03:24.533,0:03:25.567
Thank you very much.

0:03:25.567,0:03:26.567
Thank you.

0:03:26.567,0:03:27.967
(applause)

0:03:27.967,0:03:28.967
Thank you.

0:03:28.967,0:03:30.600
(applause)

0:03:30.600,0:03:31.767
Thank you so much.

0:03:31.767,0:03:35.633
(applause)

0:03:35.633,0:03:44.633
My Lord Chancellor, Mr. Speaker,[br]Mr. Prime Minister, my lords,

0:03:44.633,0:03:48.433
and members of the[br]House of Commons:

0:03:48.433,0:03:55.233
I have known few greater honors[br]than the opportunity to address

0:03:55.233,0:04:00.066
the Mother of Parliaments[br]at Westminster Hall.

0:04:00.066,0:04:04.333
I am told that the last three[br]speakers here have been the

0:04:04.333,0:04:11.166
Pope, Her Majesty the[br]Queen, and Nelson Mandela --

0:04:11.166,0:04:15.367
which is either a very high[br]bar or the beginning of a very

0:04:15.367,0:04:16.533
funny joke.

0:04:16.533,0:04:28.266
(laughter)

0:04:28.266,0:04:34.834
I come here today to[br]reaffirm one of the oldest,

0:04:34.834,0:04:40.033
one of the strongest alliances[br]the world has ever known.

0:04:40.033,0:04:42.467
It's long been said that the[br]United States and the United

0:04:42.467,0:04:47.633
Kingdom share a[br]special relationship.

0:04:47.633,0:04:51.900
And since we also share an[br]especially active press corps,

0:04:51.900,0:04:56.233
that relationship is often[br]analyzed and overanalyzed

0:04:56.233,0:05:01.734
for the slightest hint[br]of stress or strain.

0:05:01.734,0:05:05.734
Of course, all relationships[br]have their ups and downs.

0:05:05.734,0:05:10.367
Admittedly, ours got off on the[br]wrong foot with a small scrape

0:05:10.367,0:05:12.567
about tea and taxes.

0:05:12.567,0:05:14.633
(laughter)

0:05:14.633,0:05:17.867
There may also have been[br]some hurt feelings when the

0:05:17.867,0:05:21.400
White House was set on fire[br]during the War of 1812.

0:05:21.400,0:05:23.633
(laughter)

0:05:23.633,0:05:28.934
But fortunately, it's been[br]smooth sailing ever since.

0:05:28.934,0:05:31.934
The reason for this close[br]friendship doesn't just have

0:05:31.934,0:05:36.867
to do with our shared history,[br]our shared heritage;

0:05:36.867,0:05:39.967
our ties of language[br]and culture;

0:05:39.967,0:05:44.367
or even the strong partnership[br]between our governments.

0:05:44.367,0:05:47.767
Our relationship is special[br]because of the values and

0:05:47.767,0:05:54.000
beliefs that have united[br]our people through the ages.

0:05:54.000,0:05:57.333
Centuries ago, when[br]kings, emperors,

0:05:57.333,0:06:01.333
and warlords reigned[br]over much of the world,

0:06:01.333,0:06:04.200
it was the English who first[br]spelled out the rights and

0:06:04.200,0:06:08.633
liberties of man[br]in the Magna Carta.

0:06:08.633,0:06:12.900
It was here, in this very hall,[br]where the rule of law first

0:06:12.900,0:06:16.066
developed, courts[br]were established,

0:06:16.066,0:06:20.567
disputes were settled, and[br]citizens came to petition

0:06:20.567,0:06:23.633
their leaders.

0:06:23.633,0:06:26.734
Over time, the people of[br]this nation waged a long and

0:06:26.734,0:06:29.767
sometimes bloody struggle[br]to expand and secure their

0:06:29.767,0:06:33.567
freedom from the crown.

0:06:33.567,0:06:36.233
Propelled by the ideals[br]of the Enlightenment,

0:06:36.233,0:06:40.033
they would ultimately forge[br]an English Bill of Rights,

0:06:40.033,0:06:45.467
and invest the power to govern[br]in an elected parliament that's

0:06:45.467,0:06:48.900
gathered here today.

0:06:48.900,0:06:52.867
What began on this island would[br]inspire millions throughout the

0:06:52.867,0:06:57.433
continent of Europe[br]and across the world.

0:06:57.433,0:07:00.767
But perhaps no one drew greater[br]inspiration from these notions

0:07:00.767,0:07:05.033
of freedom than your[br]rabble-rousing colonists

0:07:05.033,0:07:08.967
on the other side[br]of the Atlantic.

0:07:08.967,0:07:11.867
As Winston Churchill[br]said, the "...Magna Carta,

0:07:11.867,0:07:15.867
the Bill of Rights, Habeas[br]Corpus, trial by jury,

0:07:15.867,0:07:20.166
and English common law find[br]their most famous expression in

0:07:20.166,0:07:25.333
the American Declaration[br]of Independence."

0:07:25.333,0:07:31.300
For both of our nations, living[br]up to the ideals enshrined in

0:07:31.300,0:07:37.033
these founding documents has[br]sometimes been difficult,

0:07:37.033,0:07:39.967
has always been a[br]work in progress.

0:07:39.967,0:07:43.033
The path has never been perfect.

0:07:43.033,0:07:47.734
But through the struggles[br]of slaves and immigrants,

0:07:47.734,0:07:52.767
women and ethnic minorities,[br]former colonies and persecuted

0:07:52.767,0:07:56.433
religions, we have learned[br]better than most that the

0:07:56.433,0:08:00.934
longing for freedom and human[br]dignity is not English or

0:08:00.934,0:08:07.667
American or Western[br]-- it is universal,

0:08:07.667,0:08:12.133
and it beats in every heart.

0:08:12.133,0:08:16.867
Perhaps that's why there are[br]few nations that stand firmer,

0:08:16.867,0:08:22.033
speak louder, and fight harder[br]to defend democratic values

0:08:22.033,0:08:28.600
around the world than the United[br]States and the United Kingdom.

0:08:28.600,0:08:32.967
We are the allies who[br]landed at Omaha and Gold,

0:08:32.967,0:08:35.700
who sacrificed side by side to[br]free a continent from the march

0:08:35.700,0:08:42.066
of tyranny, and help prosperity[br]flourish from the ruins of war.

0:08:42.066,0:08:47.700
And with the founding of[br]NATO -- a British idea --

0:08:47.700,0:08:50.934
we joined a transatlantic[br]alliance that has ensured our

0:08:50.934,0:08:55.333
security for over[br]half a century.

0:08:55.333,0:08:58.533
Together with our allies,[br]we forged a lasting peace

0:08:58.533,0:09:01.266
from a cold war.

0:09:01.266,0:09:04.367
When the Iron Curtain lifted, we[br]expanded our alliance to include

0:09:04.367,0:09:07.700
the nations of Central[br]and Eastern Europe,

0:09:07.700,0:09:11.266
and built new bridges to Russia[br]and the former states of the

0:09:11.266,0:09:15.000
Soviet Union.

0:09:15.000,0:09:16.767
And when there was[br]strife in the Balkans,

0:09:16.767,0:09:21.467
we worked together[br]to keep the peace.

0:09:21.467,0:09:27.200
Today, after a difficult decade[br]that began with war and ended in

0:09:27.200,0:09:32.266
recession, our nations have[br]arrived at a pivotal moment

0:09:32.266,0:09:35.266
once more.

0:09:35.266,0:09:38.800
A global economy that once stood[br]on the brink of depression is

0:09:38.800,0:09:42.400
now stable and recovering.

0:09:42.400,0:09:46.333
After years of conflict, the[br]United States has removed

0:09:46.333,0:09:50.500
100,000 troops from Iraq, the[br]United Kingdom has removed its

0:09:50.500,0:09:55.367
forces, and our combat[br]mission there has ended.

0:09:55.367,0:09:58.800
In Afghanistan, we've broken the[br]Taliban's momentum and will soon

0:09:58.800,0:10:03.734
begin a transition[br]to Afghan lead.

0:10:03.734,0:10:06.367
And nearly 10 years after 9/11,[br]we have disrupted terrorist

0:10:06.367,0:10:10.367
networks and dealt al Qaeda a[br]huge blow by killing its leader

0:10:10.367,0:10:13.900
-- Osama bin Laden.

0:10:13.900,0:10:19.834
Together, we have[br]met great challenges.

0:10:19.834,0:10:23.667
But as we enter this new[br]chapter in our shared history,

0:10:23.667,0:10:28.467
profound challenges[br]stretch out before us.

0:10:28.467,0:10:31.400
In a world where the prosperity[br]of all nations is now

0:10:31.400,0:10:36.200
inextricably linked, a new era[br]of cooperation is required to

0:10:36.200,0:10:41.533
ensure the growth and stability[br]of the global economy.

0:10:41.533,0:10:46.100
As new threats spread[br]across borders and oceans,

0:10:46.100,0:10:48.667
we must dismantle terrorist[br]networks and stop the spread

0:10:48.667,0:10:52.467
of nuclear weapons, confront[br]climate change and combat

0:10:52.467,0:10:56.467
famine and disease.

0:10:56.467,0:10:59.000
And as a revolution races[br]through the streets of the

0:10:59.000,0:11:02.900
Middle East and North Africa,[br]the entire world has a stake

0:11:02.900,0:11:05.467
in the aspirations of a[br]generation that longs to

0:11:05.467,0:11:10.667
determine its own destiny.

0:11:10.667,0:11:13.734
These challenges come at a time[br]when the international order has

0:11:13.734,0:11:18.300
already been reshaped[br]for a new century.

0:11:18.300,0:11:22.033
Countries like China, India,[br]and Brazil are growing by

0:11:22.033,0:11:25.400
leaps and bounds.

0:11:25.400,0:11:27.266
We should welcome[br]this development,

0:11:27.266,0:11:30.367
for it has lifted hundreds of[br]millions from poverty around

0:11:30.367,0:11:34.300
the globe, and created new[br]markets and opportunities

0:11:34.300,0:11:37.633
for our own nations.

0:11:37.633,0:11:39.900
And yet, as this rapid[br]change has taken place,

0:11:39.900,0:11:44.233
it's become fashionable in some[br]quarters to question whether the

0:11:44.233,0:11:48.433
rise of these nations will[br]accompany the decline of

0:11:48.433,0:11:53.667
American and European[br]influence around the world.

0:11:53.667,0:11:58.100
Perhaps, the argument goes,[br]these nations represent the

0:11:58.100,0:12:05.467
future, and the time for[br]our leadership has passed.

0:12:05.467,0:12:09.266
That argument is wrong.

0:12:09.266,0:12:13.567
The time for our[br]leadership is now.

0:12:13.567,0:12:15.934
It was the United States and[br]the United Kingdom and our

0:12:15.934,0:12:19.233
democratic allies that shaped a[br]world in which new nations could

0:12:19.233,0:12:23.367
emerge and individuals[br]could thrive.

0:12:23.367,0:12:27.200
And even as more nations take on[br]the responsibilities of global

0:12:27.200,0:12:32.834
leadership, our alliance will[br]remain indispensable to the goal

0:12:32.834,0:12:35.734
of a century that[br]is more peaceful,

0:12:35.734,0:12:41.567
more prosperous and more just.

0:12:41.567,0:12:44.033
At a time when threats and[br]challenges require nations

0:12:44.033,0:12:45.834
to work in concert[br]with one another,

0:12:45.834,0:12:51.433
we remain the greatest[br]catalysts for global action.

0:12:51.433,0:12:54.033
In an era defined by the[br]rapid flow of commerce and

0:12:54.033,0:12:59.834
information, it is our free[br]market tradition, our openness,

0:12:59.834,0:13:03.467
fortified by our commitment to[br]basic security for our citizens,

0:13:03.467,0:13:06.533
that offers the best chance[br]of prosperity that is both

0:13:06.533,0:13:10.633
strong and shared.

0:13:10.633,0:13:13.333
As millions are still denied[br]their basic human rights because

0:13:13.333,0:13:15.467
of who they are, or[br]what they believe,

0:13:15.467,0:13:17.900
or the kind of government[br]that they live under,

0:13:17.900,0:13:21.800
we are the nations most willing[br]to stand up for the values of

0:13:21.800,0:13:30.233
tolerance and self-determination[br]that lead to peace and dignity.

0:13:30.233,0:13:34.700
Now, this doesn't mean we[br]can afford to stand still.

0:13:34.700,0:13:40.667
The nature of our leadership will[br]need to change with the times.

0:13:40.667,0:13:43.600
As I said the first time I[br]came to London as President,

0:13:43.600,0:13:47.467
for the G20 summit, the days[br]are gone when Roosevelt and

0:13:47.467,0:13:50.800
Churchill could sit in a room[br]and solve the world's problems

0:13:50.800,0:13:54.667
over a glass of brandy --[br]although I'm sure that Prime

0:13:54.667,0:13:59.033
Minister Cameron would agree[br]that some days we could both

0:13:59.033,0:14:00.133
use a stiff drink.

0:14:00.133,0:14:03.567
(laughter)

0:14:03.567,0:14:06.867
In this century, our joint[br]leadership will require

0:14:06.867,0:14:12.667
building new partnerships,[br]adapting to new circumstances,

0:14:12.667,0:14:19.200
and remaking ourselves to meet[br]the demands of a new era.

0:14:19.200,0:14:24.000
That begins with our[br]economic leadership.

0:14:24.000,0:14:28.667
Adam Smith's central insight[br]remains true today: There is no

0:14:28.667,0:14:32.633
greater generator of wealth and[br]innovation than a system of free

0:14:32.633,0:14:36.700
enterprise that unleashes the[br]full potential of individual

0:14:36.700,0:14:39.533
men and women.

0:14:39.533,0:14:41.567
That's what led to the[br]Industrial Revolution that began

0:14:41.567,0:14:44.800
in the factories of Manchester.

0:14:44.800,0:14:47.333
That is what led to the dawn of[br]the Information Age that arose

0:14:47.333,0:14:52.500
from the office parks[br]of Silicon Valley.

0:14:52.500,0:14:56.033
That's why countries like China,[br]India and Brazil are growing so

0:14:56.033,0:14:59.133
rapidly -- because[br]in fits and starts,

0:14:59.133,0:15:01.867
they are moving toward[br]market-based principles that

0:15:01.867,0:15:08.633
the United States and the United[br]Kingdom have always embraced.

0:15:08.633,0:15:12.734
In other words, we live in a[br]global economy that is largely

0:15:12.734,0:15:15.433
of our own making.

0:15:15.433,0:15:18.133
And today, the competition for[br]the best jobs and industries

0:15:18.133,0:15:20.266
favors countries that[br]are free-thinking and

0:15:20.266,0:15:24.667
forward-looking; countries with[br]the most creative and innovative

0:15:24.667,0:15:27.867
and entrepreneurial citizens.

0:15:27.867,0:15:30.600
That gives nations like the[br]United States and the United

0:15:30.600,0:15:35.133
Kingdom an inherent advantage.

0:15:35.133,0:15:40.433
For from Newton and Darwin[br]to Edison and Einstein,

0:15:40.433,0:15:46.033
from Alan Turing to Steve Jobs,[br]we have led the world in our

0:15:46.033,0:15:50.066
commitment to science and[br]cutting-edge research,

0:15:50.066,0:15:53.900
the discovery of new[br]medicines and technologies.

0:15:53.900,0:15:56.500
We educate our citizens and[br]train our workers in the best

0:15:56.500,0:16:00.900
colleges and[br]universities on Earth.

0:16:00.900,0:16:03.967
But to maintain this advantage[br]in a world that's more

0:16:03.967,0:16:09.166
competitive than ever, we will[br]have to redouble our investments

0:16:09.166,0:16:13.166
in science and engineering, and[br]renew our national commitments

0:16:13.166,0:16:17.734
to educating our workforces.

0:16:17.734,0:16:20.367
We've also been reminded in the[br]last few years that markets can

0:16:20.367,0:16:23.700
sometimes fail.

0:16:23.700,0:16:26.600
In the last century, both our[br]nations put in place regulatory

0:16:26.600,0:16:31.367
frameworks to deal with such[br]market failures -- safeguards

0:16:31.367,0:16:33.900
to protect the banking system[br]after the Great Depression,

0:16:33.900,0:16:37.166
for example; regulations that[br]were established to prevent the

0:16:37.166,0:16:43.166
pollution of our air and[br]our water during the 1970s.

0:16:43.166,0:16:48.433
But in today's economy, such[br]threats of market failure can

0:16:48.433,0:16:53.734
no longer be contained within[br]the borders of any one country.

0:16:53.734,0:16:58.533
Market failures can go[br]global, and go viral,

0:16:58.533,0:17:02.967
and demand international responses.

0:17:02.967,0:17:05.767
A financial crisis that began[br]on Wall Street infected nearly

0:17:05.767,0:17:09.567
every continent, which is why we[br]must keep working through forums

0:17:09.567,0:17:12.700
like the G20 to put in place[br]global rules of the road to

0:17:12.700,0:17:17.767
prevent future[br]excesses and abuse.

0:17:17.767,0:17:20.767
No country can hide from the[br]dangers of carbon pollution,

0:17:20.767,0:17:24.467
which is why we must build on[br]what was achieved at Copenhagen

0:17:24.467,0:17:27.165
and Cancun to leave our[br]children a planet that

0:17:27.165,0:17:32.233
is safer and cleaner.

0:17:32.233,0:17:36.700
Moreover, even when the free[br]market works as it should,

0:17:36.700,0:17:40.133
both our countries recognize[br]that no matter how responsibly

0:17:40.133,0:17:44.900
we live in our lives,[br]hard times or bad luck,

0:17:44.900,0:17:50.166
a crippling illness or a layoff[br]may strike any one of us.

0:17:50.166,0:17:53.033
And so part of our common[br]tradition has expressed itself

0:17:53.033,0:17:56.633
in a conviction that every[br]citizen deserves a basic measure

0:17:56.633,0:18:01.433
of security -- health[br]care if you get sick,

0:18:01.433,0:18:04.967
unemployment insurance[br]if you lose your job,

0:18:04.967,0:18:10.533
a dignified retirement after[br]a lifetime of hard work.

0:18:10.533,0:18:14.066
That commitment to our citizens[br]has also been the reason for our

0:18:14.066,0:18:17.967
leadership in the world.

0:18:17.967,0:18:20.066
And now, having come through[br]a terrible recession,

0:18:20.066,0:18:24.000
our challenge is to meet these[br]obligations while ensuring that

0:18:24.000,0:18:30.700
we're not consuming -- and hence[br]consumed -- with a level of debt

0:18:30.700,0:18:35.600
that could sap the strength[br]and vitality of our economies.

0:18:35.600,0:18:38.800
And that will require difficult[br]choices and it will require

0:18:38.800,0:18:40.467
different paths for[br]both of our countries.

0:18:40.467,0:18:44.333
But we have faced such[br]challenges before,

0:18:44.333,0:18:46.834
and have always been able to[br]balance the need for fiscal

0:18:46.834,0:18:50.734
responsibility with the[br]responsibilities we have

0:18:50.734,0:18:53.700
to one another.

0:18:53.700,0:18:57.867
And I believe we[br]can do this again.

0:18:57.867,0:19:00.934
As we do, the successes and[br]failures of our own past can

0:19:00.934,0:19:05.533
serve as an example for emerging[br]economies -- that it's possible

0:19:05.533,0:19:11.567
to grow without polluting; that[br]lasting prosperity comes not

0:19:11.567,0:19:13.867
from what a nation consumes,[br]but from what it produces,

0:19:13.867,0:19:17.066
and from the investments[br]it makes in its people

0:19:17.066,0:19:21.700
and its infrastructure.

0:19:21.700,0:19:24.233
And just as we must lead on[br]behalf of the prosperity of

0:19:24.233,0:19:29.767
our citizens, so we must[br]safeguard their security.

0:19:29.767,0:19:36.133
Our two nations know what it is[br]to confront evil in the world.

0:19:36.133,0:19:38.734
Hitler's armies would not have[br]stopped their killing had we not

0:19:38.734,0:19:43.266
fought them on the beaches[br]and on the landing grounds,

0:19:43.266,0:19:48.333
in the fields and[br]on the streets.

0:19:48.333,0:19:51.433
We must never forget that there[br]was nothing inevitable about our

0:19:51.433,0:19:54.800
victory in that terrible war.

0:19:54.800,0:20:00.667
It was won through the courage[br]and character of our people.

0:20:00.667,0:20:03.333
Precisely because we are[br]willing to bear its burden,

0:20:03.333,0:20:06.934
we know well the cost of war.

0:20:06.934,0:20:09.033
And that is why we built an[br]alliance that was strong enough

0:20:09.033,0:20:15.600
to defend this continent[br]while deterring our enemies.

0:20:15.600,0:20:19.233
At its core, NATO is rooted in[br]the simple concept of Article

0:20:19.233,0:20:24.133
Five: that no NATO nation[br]will have to fend on its own;

0:20:24.133,0:20:29.033
that allies will stand[br]by one another, always.

0:20:29.033,0:20:31.500
And for six decades, NATO[br]has been the most successful

0:20:31.500,0:20:35.734
alliance in human history.

0:20:35.734,0:20:39.967
Today, we confront[br]a different enemy.

0:20:39.967,0:20:42.967
Terrorists have taken the lives[br]of our citizens in New York and

0:20:42.967,0:20:45.200
in London.

0:20:45.200,0:20:48.734
And while al Qaeda seeks a[br]religious war with the West,

0:20:48.734,0:20:53.100
we must remember that they have[br]killed thousands of Muslims --

0:20:53.100,0:20:57.133
men, women and children[br]-- around the globe.

0:20:57.133,0:21:01.166
Our nations are not and will[br]never be at war with Islam.

0:21:01.166,0:21:04.200
Our fight is focused on[br]defeating al Qaeda and

0:21:04.200,0:21:07.333
its extremist allies.

0:21:07.333,0:21:09.667
In that effort, we[br]will not relent,

0:21:09.667,0:21:14.467
as Osama bin Laden and his[br]followers have learned.

0:21:14.467,0:21:17.967
And as we fight an enemy[br]that respects no law of war,

0:21:17.967,0:21:22.300
we will continue to hold[br]ourselves to a higher standard

0:21:22.300,0:21:27.600
-- by living up to the values,[br]the rule of law and due process

0:21:27.600,0:21:32.734
that we so ardently defend.

0:21:32.734,0:21:36.633
For almost a decade, Afghanistan[br]has been a central front of

0:21:36.633,0:21:39.066
these efforts.

0:21:39.066,0:21:44.734
Throughout those years,[br]you, the British people,

0:21:44.734,0:21:48.734
have been a stalwart ally, along[br]with so many others who fight by

0:21:48.734,0:21:51.800
our side.

0:21:51.800,0:21:55.133
Together, let us pay tribute to[br]all of our men and women who

0:21:55.133,0:21:59.734
have served and sacrificed over[br]the last several years -- for

0:21:59.734,0:22:02.700
they are part of an unbroken[br]line of heroes who have borne

0:22:02.700,0:22:07.800
the heaviest burden for the[br]freedoms that we enjoy.

0:22:07.800,0:22:12.934
Because of them, we have[br]broken the Taliban's momentum.

0:22:12.934,0:22:15.667
Because of them, we have[br]built the capacity of

0:22:15.667,0:22:19.000
Afghan security forces.

0:22:19.000,0:22:21.734
And because of them, we are now[br]preparing to turn a corner in

0:22:21.734,0:22:25.834
Afghanistan by transitioning[br]to Afghan lead.

0:22:25.834,0:22:28.400
And during this transition, we[br]will pursue a lasting peace with

0:22:28.400,0:22:32.000
those who break free of al[br]Qaeda and respect the Afghan

0:22:32.000,0:22:34.166
constitution and lay down arms.

0:22:34.166,0:22:37.100
And we will ensure that[br]Afghanistan is never a safe

0:22:37.100,0:22:41.300
haven for terror, but is instead[br]a country that is strong,

0:22:41.300,0:22:48.100
sovereign, and able to[br]stand on its own two feet.

0:22:48.100,0:22:50.767
Indeed, our efforts in this[br]young century have led us to

0:22:50.767,0:22:54.200
a new concept for NATO that will[br]give us the capabilities needed

0:22:54.200,0:23:00.266
to meet new threats -- threats[br]like terrorism and piracy,

0:23:00.266,0:23:03.867
cyber attacks and[br]ballistic missiles.

0:23:03.867,0:23:06.633
But a revitalized NATO will[br]continue to hew to that original

0:23:06.633,0:23:12.266
vision of its founders, allowing[br]us to rally collective action

0:23:12.266,0:23:15.500
for the defense of our people,[br]while building upon the broader

0:23:15.500,0:23:18.500
belief of Roosevelt and[br]Churchill that all nations

0:23:18.500,0:23:20.400
have both rights and[br]responsibilities,

0:23:20.400,0:23:24.400
and all nations share a common[br]interest in an international

0:23:24.400,0:23:30.300
architecture that[br]maintains the peace.

0:23:30.300,0:23:32.834
We also share a common interest[br]in stopping the spread of

0:23:32.834,0:23:36.033
nuclear weapons.

0:23:36.033,0:23:39.400
Across the globe, nations are[br]locking down nuclear materials

0:23:39.400,0:23:43.400
so they never fall into[br]the wrong hands -- because

0:23:43.400,0:23:46.433
of our leadership.

0:23:46.433,0:23:50.567
From North Korea to Iran, we've[br]sent a message that those who

0:23:50.567,0:23:53.533
flaunt their obligations will[br]face consequences -- which is

0:23:53.533,0:23:56.900
why America and the European[br]Union just recently strengthened

0:23:56.900,0:24:03.467
our sanctions on Iran, in large[br]part because of the leadership

0:24:03.467,0:24:08.567
of the United Kingdom[br]and the United States.

0:24:08.567,0:24:11.200
And while we hold[br]others to account,

0:24:11.200,0:24:14.133
we will meet our own obligations[br]under the Non-Proliferation

0:24:14.133,0:24:21.467
Treaty, and strive for a world[br]without nuclear weapons.

0:24:21.467,0:24:24.166
We share a common interest in[br]resolving conflicts that prolong

0:24:24.166,0:24:31.333
human suffering and threaten[br]to tear whole regions asunder.

0:24:31.333,0:24:34.834
In Sudan, after years of[br]war and thousands of deaths,

0:24:34.834,0:24:37.467
we call on both North and South[br]to pull back from the brink of

0:24:37.467,0:24:42.233
violence and choose[br]the path of peace.

0:24:42.233,0:24:45.734
And in the Middle East, we stand[br]united in our support for a

0:24:45.734,0:24:53.233
secure Israel and a[br]sovereign Palestine.

0:24:53.233,0:24:56.734
And we share a common interest[br]in development that advances

0:24:56.734,0:25:00.500
dignity and security.

0:25:00.500,0:25:02.834
To succeed, we must cast[br]aside the impulse to look

0:25:02.834,0:25:07.567
at impoverished parts of the[br]globe as a place for charity.

0:25:07.567,0:25:09.900
Instead, we should empower the[br]same forces that have allowed

0:25:09.900,0:25:13.700
our own people to thrive: We[br]should help the hungry to feed

0:25:13.700,0:25:18.600
themselves, the doctors[br]who care for the sick.

0:25:18.600,0:25:20.900
We should support countries[br]that confront corruption,

0:25:20.900,0:25:24.233
and allow their[br]people to innovate.

0:25:24.233,0:25:26.834
And we should advance the truth[br]that nations prosper when they

0:25:26.834,0:25:33.367
allow women and girls to[br]reach their full potential.

0:25:33.367,0:25:38.100
We do these things because we[br]believe not simply in the rights

0:25:38.100,0:25:44.767
of nations; we believe in[br]the rights of citizens.

0:25:44.767,0:25:47.166
That is the beacon that guided[br]us through our fight against

0:25:47.166,0:25:50.200
fascism and our twilight[br]struggle against communism.

0:25:50.200,0:25:54.100
And today, that idea is being[br]put to the test in the Middle

0:25:54.100,0:25:59.066
East and North Africa.

0:25:59.066,0:26:02.633
In country after country,[br]people are mobilizing to

0:26:02.633,0:26:07.900
free themselves from the[br]grip of an iron fist.

0:26:07.900,0:26:12.333
And while these movements for[br]change are just six months old,

0:26:12.333,0:26:16.433
we have seen them play out[br]before -- from Eastern Europe

0:26:16.433,0:26:23.467
to the Americas, from South[br]Africa to Southeast Asia.

0:26:23.467,0:26:27.166
History tells us that[br]democracy is not easy.

0:26:27.166,0:26:29.700
It will be years before these[br]revolutions reach their

0:26:29.700,0:26:35.000
conclusion, and there will be[br]difficult days along the way.

0:26:35.000,0:26:38.900
Power rarely gives up without a[br]fight -- particularly in places

0:26:38.900,0:26:44.333
where there are divisions of[br]tribe and divisions of sect.

0:26:44.333,0:26:48.300
We also know that populism can[br]take dangerous turns -- from the

0:26:48.300,0:26:51.533
extremism of those who would[br]use democracy to deny minority

0:26:51.533,0:26:55.166
rights, to the nationalism that[br]left so many scars on this

0:26:55.166,0:26:59.033
continent in the 20th century.

0:26:59.033,0:27:04.066
But make no mistake:[br]What we saw,

0:27:04.066,0:27:09.000
what we are seeing in Tehran,[br]in Tunis, in Tahrir Square,

0:27:09.000,0:27:11.700
is a longing for the same[br]freedoms that we take for

0:27:11.700,0:27:15.667
granted here at home.

0:27:15.667,0:27:18.433
It was a rejection of the notion[br]that people in certain parts of

0:27:18.433,0:27:22.567
the world don't want to be[br]free, or need to have democracy

0:27:22.567,0:27:25.467
imposed upon them.

0:27:25.467,0:27:28.300
It was a rebuke to the[br]worldview of al Qaeda,

0:27:28.300,0:27:30.633
which smothers the[br]rights of individuals,

0:27:30.633,0:27:33.066
and would thereby subject[br]them to perpetual poverty

0:27:33.066,0:27:35.900
and violence.

0:27:35.900,0:27:40.867
Let there be no doubt: The[br]United States and United Kingdom

0:27:40.867,0:27:47.767
stand squarely on the side of[br]those who long to be free.

0:27:47.767,0:27:50.800
And now, we must show that[br]we will back up those words

0:27:50.800,0:27:54.133
with deeds.

0:27:54.133,0:27:57.266
That means investing in the[br]future of those nations that

0:27:57.266,0:28:02.467
transition to democracy,[br]starting with Tunisia and Egypt

0:28:02.467,0:28:05.800
-- by deepening ties[br]of trade and commerce;

0:28:05.800,0:28:11.967
by helping them demonstrate[br]that freedom brings prosperity.

0:28:11.967,0:28:16.567
And that means standing[br]up for universal rights

0:28:16.567,0:28:19.667
-- by sanctioning those[br]who pursue repression,

0:28:19.667,0:28:22.700
strengthening civil[br]society, supporting

0:28:22.700,0:28:27.333
the rights of minorities.

0:28:27.333,0:28:33.033
We do this knowing that the West[br]must overcome suspicion and

0:28:33.033,0:28:38.066
mistrust among many in the[br]Middle East and North Africa

0:28:38.066,0:28:43.100
-- a mistrust that is[br]rooted in a difficult past.

0:28:43.100,0:28:46.233
For years, we've faced charges[br]of hypocrisy from those who do

0:28:46.233,0:28:52.300
not enjoy the freedoms[br]that they hear us espouse.

0:28:52.300,0:28:55.100
And so to them, we must[br]squarely acknowledge that, yes,

0:28:55.100,0:28:58.633
we have enduring interests in[br]the region -- to fight terror,

0:28:58.633,0:29:02.600
sometimes with partners[br]who may not be perfect;

0:29:02.600,0:29:08.266
to protect against disruptions[br]of the world's energy supply.

0:29:08.266,0:29:12.533
But we must also insist that[br]we reject as false the choice

0:29:12.533,0:29:16.934
between our interests[br]and our ideals;

0:29:16.934,0:29:21.033
between stability and democracy.

0:29:21.033,0:29:26.166
For our idealism is rooted in[br]the realities of history -- that

0:29:26.166,0:29:32.500
repression offers only the[br]false promise of stability,

0:29:32.500,0:29:34.800
that societies are more[br]successful when their citizens

0:29:34.800,0:29:45.700
are free, and that democracies[br]are the closest allies we have.

0:29:45.700,0:29:51.333
It is that truth that[br]guides our action in Libya.

0:29:51.333,0:29:56.066
It would have been easy at the[br]outset of the crackdown in Libya

0:29:56.066,0:30:00.767
to say that none of this was[br]our business -- that a nation's

0:30:00.767,0:30:03.066
sovereignty is more important[br]than the slaughter of civilians

0:30:03.066,0:30:07.367
within its borders.

0:30:07.367,0:30:13.834
That argument carries[br]weight with some.

0:30:13.834,0:30:17.200
But we are different.

0:30:17.200,0:30:22.000
We embrace a broader responsibility.

0:30:22.000,0:30:24.800
And while we cannot[br]stop every injustice,

0:30:24.800,0:30:30.133
there are circumstances that cut[br]through our caution -- when a

0:30:30.133,0:30:33.367
leader is threatening[br]to massacre his people,

0:30:33.367,0:30:38.266
and the international community[br]is calling for action.

0:30:38.266,0:30:43.400
That's why we stopped[br]a massacre in Libya.

0:30:43.400,0:30:47.867
And we will not relent until the[br]people of Libya are protected

0:30:47.867,0:30:53.533
and the shadow of[br]tyranny is lifted.

0:30:53.533,0:30:57.867
We will proceed with humility,[br]and the knowledge that we cannot

0:30:57.867,0:31:01.200
dictate every outcome abroad.

0:31:01.200,0:31:03.834
Ultimately, freedom must be[br]won by the people themselves,

0:31:03.834,0:31:08.100
not imposed from without.

0:31:08.100,0:31:13.400
But we can and must stand[br]with those who so struggle.

0:31:13.400,0:31:16.100
Because we have always believed[br]that the future of our children

0:31:16.100,0:31:20.233
and grandchildren will be better[br]if other people's children and

0:31:20.233,0:31:26.667
grandchildren are more[br]prosperous and more free

0:31:26.667,0:31:29.934
-- from the beaches of Normandy[br]to the Balkans to Benghazi.

0:31:29.934,0:31:36.600
That is our interests[br]and our ideals.

0:31:36.600,0:31:40.066
And if we fail to meet[br]that responsibility,

0:31:40.066,0:31:45.333
who would take our place,[br]and what kind of world would

0:31:45.333,0:31:50.867
we pass on?

0:31:50.867,0:31:55.533
Our action -- our leadership[br]-- is essential to the cause

0:31:55.533,0:31:58.133
of human dignity.

0:31:58.133,0:32:01.600
And so we must[br]act -- and lead --

0:32:01.600,0:32:04.033
with confidence in our ideals,[br]and an abiding faith in the

0:32:04.033,0:32:10.533
character of our people,[br]who sent us all here today.

0:32:10.533,0:32:13.900
For there is one final quality[br]that I believe makes the United

0:32:13.900,0:32:17.867
States and the United[br]Kingdom indispensable

0:32:17.867,0:32:20.633
to this moment in history.

0:32:20.633,0:32:26.667
And that is how we define[br]ourselves as nations.

0:32:26.667,0:32:27.800
Unlike most countries[br]in the world,

0:32:27.800,0:32:34.567
we do not define citizenship[br]based on race or ethnicity.

0:32:34.567,0:32:38.667
Being American or British is not[br]about belonging to a certain

0:32:38.667,0:32:46.000
group; it's about believing[br]in a certain set of ideals --

0:32:46.000,0:32:52.333
the rights of individuals,[br]the rule of law.

0:32:52.333,0:32:58.967
That is why we hold incredible[br]diversity within our borders.

0:32:58.967,0:33:01.033
That's why there are people[br]around the world right now

0:33:01.033,0:33:03.266
who believe that if[br]they come to America,

0:33:03.266,0:33:05.567
if they come to New York,[br]if they come to London,

0:33:05.567,0:33:11.500
if they work hard, they can[br]pledge allegiance to our flag

0:33:11.500,0:33:15.700
and call themselves Americans;[br]if they come to England,

0:33:15.700,0:33:21.700
they can make a new life for[br]themselves and can sing God

0:33:21.700,0:33:28.200
Save The Queen just[br]like any other citizen.

0:33:28.200,0:33:31.500
Yes, our diversity[br]can lead to tension.

0:33:31.500,0:33:33.967
And throughout our history there[br]have been heated debates about

0:33:33.967,0:33:39.834
immigration and assimilation[br]in both of our countries.

0:33:39.834,0:33:41.967
But even as these[br]debates can be difficult,

0:33:41.967,0:33:46.066
we fundamentally recognize that[br]our patchwork heritage is an

0:33:46.066,0:33:50.800
enormous strength -- that in[br]a world which will only grow

0:33:50.800,0:33:56.667
smaller and more interconnected,[br]the example of our two nations

0:33:56.667,0:34:01.633
says it is possible for people[br]to be united by their ideals,

0:34:01.633,0:34:05.500
instead of divided[br]by their differences;

0:34:05.500,0:34:11.000
that it's possible for hearts to[br]change and old hatreds to pass;

0:34:11.000,0:34:14.734
that it's possible for the sons[br]and daughters of former colonies

0:34:14.734,0:34:19.400
to sit here as members[br]of this great Parliament,

0:34:19.400,0:34:22.300
and for the grandson of a Kenyan[br]who served as a cook in the

0:34:22.300,0:34:25.600
British Army to stand[br]before you as President

0:34:25.600,0:34:27.300
of the United States.

0:34:27.300,0:34:47.100
(applause)

0:34:47.100,0:34:51.199
That is what defines us.

0:34:51.199,0:34:56.467
That is why the young men and[br]women in the streets of Damascus

0:34:56.467,0:35:01.500
and Cairo still reach for the[br]rights our citizens enjoy,

0:35:01.500,0:35:06.133
even if they sometimes[br]differ with our policies.

0:35:06.133,0:35:09.500
As two of the most powerful[br]nations in the history of the

0:35:09.500,0:35:13.700
world, we must always remember[br]that the true source of our

0:35:13.700,0:35:17.633
influence hasn't just been[br]the size of our economies,

0:35:17.633,0:35:23.600
or the reach of our militaries,[br]or the land that we've claimed.

0:35:23.600,0:35:27.066
It has been the values that we[br]must never waver in defending

0:35:27.066,0:35:32.300
around the world -- the idea[br]that all beings are endowed

0:35:32.300,0:35:38.867
by our Creator with certain[br]rights that cannot be denied.

0:35:38.867,0:35:43.867
That is what forged our bond[br]in the fire of war -- a bond

0:35:43.867,0:35:46.533
made manifest by the[br]friendship between two

0:35:46.533,0:35:50.533
of our greatest leaders.

0:35:50.533,0:35:54.266
Churchill and Roosevelt[br]had their differences.

0:35:54.266,0:35:57.567
They were keen observers of[br]each other's blind spots and

0:35:57.567,0:36:02.166
shortcomings, if not[br]always their own,

0:36:02.166,0:36:04.233
and they were hard-headed[br]about their ability to

0:36:04.233,0:36:08.133
remake the world.

0:36:08.133,0:36:12.467
But what joined the fates of[br]these two men at that particular

0:36:12.467,0:36:16.100
moment in history was not simply[br]a shared interest in victory on

0:36:16.100,0:36:19.033
the battlefield.

0:36:19.033,0:36:21.500
It was a shared belief in the[br]ultimate triumph of human

0:36:21.500,0:36:28.333
freedom and human dignity -- a[br]conviction that we have a say

0:36:28.333,0:36:33.300
in how this story ends.

0:36:33.300,0:36:40.200
This conviction lives on[br]in their people today.

0:36:40.200,0:36:43.300
The challenges we[br]face are great.

0:36:43.300,0:36:46.967
The work before us is hard.

0:36:46.967,0:36:49.834
But we have come through[br]a difficult decade,

0:36:49.834,0:36:52.500
and whenever the tests and[br]trials ahead may seem too big

0:36:52.500,0:36:57.200
or too many, let us[br]turn to their example,

0:36:57.200,0:36:59.734
and the words that Churchill[br]spoke on the day that Europe was

0:36:59.734,0:37:05.300
freed: "In the[br]long years to come,

0:37:05.300,0:37:10.000
not only will the people of this[br]island but...the world, wherever

0:37:10.000,0:37:13.767
the bird of freedom[br]chirps in the human heart,

0:37:13.767,0:37:16.567
look back to what we've done,[br]and they will say 'do not

0:37:16.567,0:37:23.266
despair, do not yield...[br]march straightforward.'"

0:37:23.266,0:37:28.600
With courage and purpose,[br]with humility and with hope,

0:37:28.600,0:37:31.700
with faith in the[br]promise of tomorrow,

0:37:31.700,0:37:37.500
let us march[br]straightforward together,

0:37:37.500,0:37:42.433
enduring allies in the cause of[br]a world that is more peaceful,

0:37:42.433,0:37:46.133
more prosperous, and more just.

0:37:46.133,0:37:47.233
Thank you very much.

0:37:47.233,0:38:50.900
(applause)

0:38:53.867,0:38:59.333
Speaker:[br]Mr. President, I think that[br]response describes far more

0:38:59.333,0:39:06.600
eloquently than any words of[br]mine could do how much that very

0:39:06.600,0:39:13.500
memorable and inspiring address[br]was appreciated by everybody who

0:39:13.500,0:39:16.867
heard it here today.

0:39:16.867,0:39:17.967
You spoke --

0:39:17.967,0:39:29.000
(applause)

0:39:29.000,0:39:34.867
You spoke with great warmth[br]and great generosity about the

0:39:34.867,0:39:39.834
British Parliament and the[br]British people and about the

0:39:39.834,0:39:46.000
links that bind us, the[br]values and the traditions

0:39:46.000,0:39:48.100
that we share.

0:39:48.100,0:39:52.734
The history that we have[br]experienced together.

0:39:52.734,0:39:57.500
But more than that, you[br]spoke too not just of the

0:39:57.500,0:40:03.266
relationships of the past, but[br]the relationships of the future.

0:40:03.266,0:40:10.467
And I think that was what made[br]what you said so inspirational.

0:40:10.467,0:40:18.867
It was a distinguished American[br]governor of New York who

0:40:18.867,0:40:24.500
remarked on the propensity of[br]politicians to campaign in

0:40:24.500,0:40:30.533
poetry, but to govern in prose.

0:40:30.533,0:40:36.000
The world you described to us[br]today was not just one that is

0:40:36.000,0:40:41.400
prosaic; it was one where the[br]challenges are difficult and

0:40:41.400,0:40:44.066
sometimes dangerous.

0:40:44.066,0:40:48.567
One that is fast[br]moving, that is complex,

0:40:48.567,0:40:51.233
sometimes contradictory.

0:40:51.233,0:40:59.433
And that offers at least as[br]many threats as opportunities.

0:40:59.433,0:41:03.600
But in the eloquence[br]of your address,

0:41:03.600,0:41:08.200
you reminded us of the[br]importance of maintaining the

0:41:08.200,0:41:12.033
poetry in government.

0:41:12.033,0:41:18.767
Because to lead, that[br]poetry is necessary.

0:41:18.767,0:41:24.166
Necessary not only to[br]articulate the challenges,

0:41:24.166,0:41:27.700
as you did so masterfully.

0:41:27.700,0:41:33.200
But also to bring others[br]together to face those

0:41:33.200,0:41:37.100
challenges with common[br]principles and with

0:41:37.100,0:41:39.533
shared purpose.

0:41:39.533,0:41:45.467
Mr. President, it has been a[br]privilege for all of us to hear

0:41:45.467,0:41:47.800
you speak today.

0:41:47.800,0:41:52.567
It is a privilege for me to have[br]the responsibility of thanking

0:41:52.567,0:41:58.700
you on behalf of both[br]Houses of Parliament,

0:41:58.700,0:42:05.200
for coming to Westminster, and[br]to wish you and Mrs. Obama a

0:42:05.200,0:42:10.066
very happy and pleasant[br]rest of your stay in the

0:42:10.066,0:42:11.633
United Kingdom.

0:42:11.633,0:42:12.633
Thank you so much.

0:42:12.633,0:42:16.600
(applause)