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Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:06.76,0:00:10.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The webinar will last for about an hour.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:11.20,0:00:13.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As attendees, you'll be muted \Nthroughout the presentation.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:14.30,0:00:21.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you have questions, please type them\Ninto the questions pane in your go-to \N
Dialogue: 0,0:00:22.01,0:00:25.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,webinars toolbar, which should be on the\Nside of your screen.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.91,0:00:30.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We will try to reserve about 15 minutes\Nat the end of the webinar to address any\N
Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.77,0:00:34.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,questions, which we will read aloud so \Nour speakers can respond.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.62,0:00:37.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The webinar is being recorded and will\Nbe available later this week for your
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.78,0:00:39.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,reference.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.47,0:00:42.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you have any technical questions, \Nplease email Emily at
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.49,0:00:49.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ebrumit@cowatercongress.org.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.99,0:00:55.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So now on to the topic at hand. \NCyanotoxins, algoglams, nutrients and
Dialogue: 0,0:00:56.24,0:00:58.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of course, how it affects \NColoradoan's public health.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.58,0:01:03.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Today, we will hear from, hopefully, \Nthree wonderful experts and leaders
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.08,0:01:06.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who will guide us through these topics.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.09,0:01:08.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Djenette Khiari with the water research\Nfoundation.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.90,0:01:13.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Steve Lundt, representing the Barr\NMilton Watershed association.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.65,0:01:16.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And Troy Bauder with CSU extension.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.39,0:01:22.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Steve has worked on lakes and reservoirs\Nas a certified lake manager since 1999.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.27,0:01:26.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Focusing on improving water quality \Nthrough in-lake techniques and
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.19,0:01:30.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,watershed projects.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.55,0:01:33.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Today he will be talking with us about\Nwork reducing algolams at Barr lake.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.07,0:01:36.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Which he has worked on along with other\Nreservoirs downstream of Denver for
Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.25,0:01:38.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the past 15 years.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.93,0:01:41.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Troy Bauder is an Extension water \Nquality specialist in the department
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.19,0:01:45.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of soil and crop sciences at Colorado \NState University.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.68,0:01:49.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There he is responsible for conducting\Nstatewide educational and applied \N
Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.16,0:01:53.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,research programs for water quality, \Nespecially related to the protections
Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.10,0:01:57.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of groundwater quality from \Nimpremest to agricultural chemicals.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.92,0:02:01.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,His research and expertise include \Nnutrients and irrigation management,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.15,0:02:04.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which he'll be talking about today.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.42,0:02:07.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Is Dejenette on the line?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:09.06,0:02:12.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I am not seeing that Dejenette has been\Nable to join us.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.47,0:02:15.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As Kaitlyn mentioned, she had a \Npower outage.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.25,0:02:21.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we are planning, um, Steve if you \Nare OK with this plan.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.30,0:02:27.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So kind of like, let you go through her \Nslides, and I will advance them for you.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.94,0:02:29.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Does that work for you?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:29.71,0:02:34.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[laughing] I will do my best. I'll have\Nto remember what she was going
Dialogue: 0,0:02:34.69,0:02:35.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to talk about.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.77,0:02:37.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I can definitely address some of the\Nthings also in my talk, but I can maybe
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.42,0:02:40.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,fill in a little.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.16,0:02:43.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Kaitlyn: So I'll just go through the \Nslides and when you are ready for
Dialogue: 0,0:02:43.79,0:02:45.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,me to advance, just let me know.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:46.16,0:02:49.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So Djenette was going to offer an\Nintroduction to cyanobacteria
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.85,0:02:54.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and cyanotoxins. So Steve can kick us off.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.11,0:02:59.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Steve: [laughing] This is a fun game, \Nto wing someone else's presentation.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.90,0:03:05.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The whole reason why we probably have \Nall these people on this webinar is to.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.83,0:03:15.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because we all do care about our lakes, \Nour reservoirs, our rivers and it boils
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.39,0:03:17.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,down to managing nutrients that \Nsupport algae bloom that then now
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.91,0:03:23.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have gotten into the realm of toxins.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.99,0:03:28.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This idea of blue-green algae blooms\Nthat produce cyanotoxins has been around
Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.77,0:03:33.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for quite a while. but it wasn't until \Nabout 2015, I believe, with Lake Erie
Dialogue: 0,0:03:33.74,0:03:36.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the Toledo incident where they had\Nto close down their drinking water plant
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.27,0:03:40.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for, what was it, close to 1 million\Npeople. or a half a million people.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.81,0:03:44.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So it really brought this topic to the \Nsurface for our country.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:45.24,0:03:49.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and so since then we've been really \Nfocusing on cyantoxins.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.78,0:03:52.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what does it mean to drinking water?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.31,0:03:55.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what does it mean to recreation? \Nand all that.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.69,0:04:00.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Colorado and around the country,\Nhave been focusing on nutrient standards
Dialogue: 0,0:04:00.68,0:04:03.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and have been trying to come up with \Nappropriate numbers for phosphorus
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.76,0:04:09.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and nitrogen. And maybe the main focus \Nhas been on, obviously, to control algae
Dialogue: 0,0:04:09.28,0:04:12.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,blooms and to make sure all the uses for\Nthose waters are being met.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.89,0:04:17.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so what's kind of come up as more of\Na higher priority is, maybe, this public
Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.03,0:04:22.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,health idea. So maybe let's go to the next\Nslide and see what she has to say.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:23.08,0:04:31.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So there are a few key blue-green algae\Nthat are very common.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:31.42,0:04:39.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's microcystins, Anabana,\NAphantzomenon and those blue-greens
Dialogue: 0,0:04:39.11,0:04:42.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are very typical throughout our lakes \Nand reservoirs around our country as
Dialogue: 0,0:04:43.13,0:04:44.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,well as the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:44.94,0:04:49.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The world health organization, a few \Nyears back, you know, came up with
Dialogue: 0,0:04:50.66,0:04:53.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some guidelines for the toxins that \Nthose produce.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.68,0:04:57.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's really been a hard topic because\Nthose blooms sometimes produce
Dialogue: 0,0:04:58.20,0:04:59.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the toxins and sometimes they don't.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:59.72,0:05:05.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And sometimes when they die and there's \Nno bloom or scum on the surface, that's
Dialogue: 0,0:05:05.43,0:05:08.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when the toxins are the highest.\NSo it's a really hard thing
Dialogue: 0,0:05:08.92,0:05:11.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to understand about these toxins \Nand the properties around them.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:12.05,0:05:21.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But some of them, they impact the liver.\NThey impact your nervous system.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:21.98,0:05:24.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They also, you know there's even \Ndermatologists that will give you
Dialogue: 0,0:05:24.59,0:05:29.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,skin rashes and so forth. And then \Nthere's some toxins that will kind
Dialogue: 0,0:05:29.83,0:05:33.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of cover everything and just wreck \Nhavoc on your body and your system.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:34.56,0:05:43.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A lot of times those toxins, have hurt\Nanimals like cattle and pets like dogs
Dialogue: 0,0:05:44.30,0:05:47.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that will go down to a scum covered pond\Nand drink from it.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:47.97,0:05:54.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Typically humans are wise enough to know\Nnot to get into close contact or to drink
Dialogue: 0,0:05:54.50,0:05:58.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,water with cyanotoxins in it, with a\Nbloom.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:58.88,0:06:03.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But you can see from this chart, that\Nsome of the names of the toxins.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:04.16,0:06:06.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some of the primary organs that it\Ngoes after.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:07.21,0:06:12.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then the different species of algae for each of those toxins.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:12.44,0:06:17.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Might talk later, for Barr Lake, we\Ndefinitely have mirocystis, and
Dialogue: 0,0:06:17.57,0:06:20.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Anabana. Those are the ones \Nthat I mainly have been monitoring.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:21.16,0:06:24.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As well as Aphanzomenon. You \Ncan go to the next one.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:24.43,0:06:33.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Microcystin, there's a whole sort\Nof different kinds of these toxins.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:35.41,0:06:38.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So there's microcystin-LR , but there's\Na whole series of different kinds of
Dialogue: 0,0:06:38.95,0:06:41.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,microcystin. So this is just a more \Ncommon one. And then you can
Dialogue: 0,0:06:42.26,0:06:46.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,see the saxitoxin and the \Ncylindrospermopsin and anatoxin-a.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:46.50,0:06:51.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some samples that I've sent off from\NBarr Lake we sent to a lab in Florida.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:52.13,0:06:56.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When we had them tested for these four\Nmain categories, to see what we had
Dialogue: 0,0:06:57.46,0:07:02.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in Barr Lake. And then also states around\Nthe country are starting to set up their
Dialogue: 0,0:07:03.28,0:07:08.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,monitoring program and how to sample\Nfor toxins and to give warning to people
Dialogue: 0,0:07:08.69,0:07:10.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that are using it for drinking water,\Nfor recreation.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:10.62,0:07:15.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So these are the main cyantoxins that\Nwe are concerned about. Next one.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:15.91,0:07:28.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So in June 2015, EPA put out an \Nadvisory for drinking water.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:28.98,0:07:34.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I know here in Colorado I've been working\Nwith the health department and a group to
Dialogue: 0,0:07:34.90,0:07:36.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,kind of figure out what that means for drinking water plants and how do you
Dialogue: 0,0:07:37.26,0:07:40.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,monitor, and where do you monitor and\Nhow do you go about this whole process.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:40.59,0:07:43.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This whole new thing about another\Ntoxin to worry about.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:43.94,0:07:46.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To figure out how to make sure it's not in\Nyour drinking water, how you're
Dialogue: 0,0:07:47.22,0:07:49.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,getting it out of your drinking water, \Nhow to prevent it.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:49.65,0:07:53.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then what to do, god forbid that\Nit gets through the system and it's all\N
Dialogue: 0,0:07:53.81,0:07:55.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sent out into distribution lines, what\Ndo you do then?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:56.16,0:08:00.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So states, Colorado and others have\Nbeen working on that since 2015.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:03.12,0:08:10.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then you see recently, EPA sent out\Nin the fall of 2016 the recreational waters.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:11.29,0:08:16.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this is more applied to Barr Lake\Nand to maybe more reservoirs in Colorado\N
Dialogue: 0,0:08:17.07,0:08:21.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where there's a lot more recreational \Ncontact and swimming involved.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:21.39,0:08:26.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you can see those toxins and\Nthose levels for recreational waters.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:26.46,0:08:29.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The closing period for comments, I \Nbelieve, just closed for that process.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:31.85,0:08:35.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's see. I think we can skip this one\Nand I'll cover it with maybe my talk?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:41.31,0:08:46.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I like this one actually. When I saw this,\Nit definitely tells the story.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:46.66,0:08:51.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Blue-greens are the only species of \Nalgae that can change their buoyancy.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:51.66,0:08:55.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So that's why you see that one cartoon\Nfigure up there on the surface
Dialogue: 0,0:08:56.08,0:08:56.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,getting a suntan.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:56.89,0:09:00.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's blocking out the sunlight to any\Nother species of algae that grow.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:00.39,0:09:05.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So blue-greens have evolved over\Nbillions of years to really be able to
Dialogue: 0,0:09:05.66,0:09:10.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,do a good job of surviving in any kind\Nof condition.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:10.73,0:09:11.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They prefer the warmest water.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:12.22,0:09:16.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They prefer the still water, so that's why\Nthey are more in lakes and reservoirs.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:16.55,0:09:17.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they can get to the surface.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:18.28,0:09:21.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Obviously they can change their\Nbuoyancy and they go down at night.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:22.14,0:09:26.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've seen blooms literally come to \Nthe surface while I'm anchored in
Dialogue: 0,0:09:27.02,0:09:28.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one spot monitoring a lake.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:28.50,0:09:30.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They can go down and they can\Nstore phosphorus.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:31.09,0:09:33.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They also have the ability to take \Nnitrogen right out of the atmosphere
Dialogue: 0,0:09:34.07,0:09:37.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and use that instead of ammonia or\Nnitrate.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:37.28,0:09:41.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So they are capable of using nitrogen right\Nout of the atmosphere, which all the other
Dialogue: 0,0:09:41.68,0:09:46.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,species cannot do.so that's why they\Ndefinitely can beat when nitrogen is low.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:46.94,0:09:54.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They can still use that phosphorus that\Nthey stored up and they can use it
Dialogue: 0,0:09:54.70,0:09:55.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the air.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:56.16,0:09:58.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So they have this kind of daily cycle \Nof going down and coming back
Dialogue: 0,0:09:59.99,0:10:01.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,up to get to the sun and blocking \Neverything out.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:02.85,0:10:05.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Definitely, this occurs and has occurred\Nat Barr Lake for many years.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:07.02,0:10:07.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Next slide.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:09.02,0:10:11.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think I can get to my slides on this \None too.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:12.38,0:10:13.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can skip this one.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:14.71,0:10:18.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Definitely these are the sources of\Nnutrients. If any body is dealing with
Dialogue: 0,0:10:19.04,0:10:21.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,lakes, with reservoirs, with water quality\Nwith drinking water, with waste water,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:22.20,0:10:27.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these are the classic sources of nutrients.\NIf any body's ever doing TMDL for nutrients
Dialogue: 0,0:10:28.83,0:10:32.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you're doing it on a watershed scale,\Nthese are, you're going to be looking at
Dialogue: 0,0:10:32.34,0:10:36.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,background, you're going to be looking \Nat fertilizer application whether it's lawns
Dialogue: 0,0:10:36.79,0:10:37.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or agriculture.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:37.94,0:10:41.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Definitely stormwater. And then reservoirs\Nand lakes, you know when a lake has zero
Dialogue: 0,0:10:42.28,0:10:45.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,oxygen at the sediment, the phosphorus \Ncan recycle, dissolve out of the sediment
Dialogue: 0,0:10:46.15,0:10:49.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and get recycled into the water. \Nnext slide.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:50.48,0:11:03.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nice pictures. Those are all the different\Nsources.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:04.25,0:11:07.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, how much is too much?
Dialogue: 0,0:11:07.36,0:11:12.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A lot of times for lakes and reservoirs\NI've seen where anything under 10 micro
Dialogue: 0,0:11:13.10,0:11:14.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,grams per litre, you should be really\Ngood.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:15.30,0:11:18.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Anything that gets above 10, above 20, \Nthen you're going to start running into
Dialogue: 0,0:11:18.91,0:11:24.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,signs of nutrofication and water quality\Nissues with algae.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:24.44,0:11:29.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So dealing with lakes, I kind of keep \Nthose numbers in mind.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:29.93,0:11:33.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can keep going , I think , to the \Nnext one.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:37.06,0:11:40.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So you can see here, you know, if total\Nphosphorus is below 10 then it should
Dialogue: 0,0:11:40.95,0:11:45.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,be very good. And then to the different levels.\NVery high or poor, you'll see over 100 and
Dialogue: 0,0:11:45.76,0:11:48.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with my talk, you'll see where we are at\NBarr Lake.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:48.65,0:11:53.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm at, right now, typically 250 at Barr Lake \Nand I'm ecstatic.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:54.40,0:11:56.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm happy because it's a lot better than\Nwhere it used to be.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:57.72,0:12:00.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So these numbers are all relevant, they \Nare just sort of guidelines too, so just
Dialogue: 0,0:12:01.15,0:12:03.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,keep that in mind. Next slide.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:07.25,0:12:12.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Source control strategies. There's a lot\Nof things you can do in the reservoir to
Dialogue: 0,0:12:12.82,0:12:15.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,keep intraloading, to keep the phosphorus\Nin the sediment.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:15.86,0:12:18.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's a lot of things you can do at \Npoint sources like wastewater treatment
Dialogue: 0,0:12:18.36,0:12:20.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,plants. They are starting to treat for \Nphosphorus, tertiary treatment.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:21.60,0:12:25.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's a lot of in lake techniques. \NYou can skim the algae off.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:26.80,0:12:29.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's sort of a band-aid approach. Not\Nreally getting at the source of the
Dialogue: 0,0:12:29.68,0:12:33.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,problem, which is the phosphorus.\NMany states, there's about 12
Dialogue: 0,0:12:33.94,0:12:39.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,states that have state-wide phosphorus \Ncontrols on lawn fertilizers.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:39.89,0:12:42.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We don't have one here in Colorado, but \Ndefinitely that's the way.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:43.03,0:12:46.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can no longer buy phosphorus in\Ndetergents in laundry soap.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:47.96,0:12:52.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That has definitely helped since 1970's\Nwith the Great Lakes and around the
Dialogue: 0,0:12:52.71,0:12:56.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,country is controlling phosphorus in the \Nproducts that everybody uses.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:57.94,0:13:05.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Go to the next one. Multi-barrier approach. \NLet's see. I think we'll just skip this one.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:07.87,0:13:09.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Prefer to get to my talk here soon.\N[laughter]
Dialogue: 0,0:13:09.84,0:13:14.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Looks like we are getting close to\Nthe end here. Obviously her organization
Dialogue: 0,0:13:15.01,0:13:17.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has put out a lot of good information and \Nhopefully you can contact Dejenette and
Dialogue: 0,0:13:17.93,0:13:22.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,get more information from the great things\Nthat she does. at the water resource
Dialogue: 0,0:13:22.36,0:13:24.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,foundation. How was that?
Dialogue: 0,0:13:25.36,0:13:28.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Kaitlyn: thank you so much Steve, \Nthat was awesome!
Dialogue: 0,0:13:29.08,0:13:29.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Steve: Sure.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:30.20,0:13:33.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Kaitlyn: Thanks, for stepping in for \NDjenette. I'm going to go ahead and
Dialogue: 0,0:13:33.30,0:13:36.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,pass the controls to you for your \Npresentation.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:36.53,0:13:37.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Steve: Sure.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:39.01,0:13:40.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:40.57,0:13:45.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Are we good? Alright.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:45.30,0:13:51.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Round 2 here. I first want to say I just\Nreally appreciate this opportunity to talk
Dialogue: 0,0:13:52.08,0:13:53.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about Barr Lake specifically.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:54.08,0:14:00.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've worked on it for about 15 years and\Nfor me it's pretty exciting to see how water
Dialogue: 0,0:14:00.80,0:14:03.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,quality has changed over those 15 years.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:04.35,0:14:08.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so much like the talk before, going\Nto talk about nutrients and how algae
Dialogue: 0,0:14:08.90,0:14:13.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,responds and I have definitely seen \Nimprovements in Barr Lake.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:14.27,0:14:18.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this is why I was definitely on board \Nwhen I was asked to do this webinar.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:21.45,0:14:28.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,First off, cultural eutrophication it's \Nsort of, it's a fancy way, a term of
Dialogue: 0,0:14:28.82,0:14:34.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,saying people mess up a lake by sending\Nit too much nutrients all at once.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:35.45,0:14:39.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Especially at Barr Lake. Barr Lake probably\Ngets a million years' worth of phosphorus
Dialogue: 0,0:14:40.62,0:14:43.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in just a few months when it fills up\Nevery year.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:43.66,0:14:49.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the process of lakes that can handle\Nover time, thousands of years, millions
Dialogue: 0,0:14:50.06,0:14:54.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of years, can transition from a \Nligatrophic lake to a mesatrophic
Dialogue: 0,0:14:55.10,0:14:58.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to a hypotrophic lake where it's \Nvery very productive.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:58.74,0:15:04.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That can occur in a reservoir in a \Nmatter of years. So that's the process
Dialogue: 0,0:15:04.81,0:15:07.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we all talk about and that we're \Nworried about with cyanotoxins.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:08.33,0:15:12.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the news, we usually hear about\Nthe problems. Where it's toxins, fish kills.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:12.90,0:15:17.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For Barr Lake it was high pH. It was \Nall based around the idea that there's
Dialogue: 0,0:15:17.31,0:15:20.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these algae blooms. But again, it's\Nmislabled. Those are just symptoms,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:20.84,0:15:23.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the true problem, is that it always \Ngoes back, every single time to too
Dialogue: 0,0:15:24.34,0:15:27.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,much phosphorus and nitrogen, too\Nquickly to a body of water.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:29.82,0:15:32.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To introduce you to Barr Lake, this is\Nan aerial photo of Barr Lake.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:32.43,0:15:36.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's just north of DIA. A lot of times, \Npeople fly in and you can see it out
Dialogue: 0,0:15:36.35,0:15:37.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,your window as you are looking at\Nthe mountains.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:38.33,0:15:42.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Just north of the rocky mountain\Narsenal wildlife refuge.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:43.44,0:15:46.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's also, you can see the community.\NThere's definitely a lot of developments and
Dialogue: 0,0:15:47.49,0:15:51.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,growth in the area. It's not quite as\Npopular as Cherry Creek and Chatfield,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:52.14,0:15:54.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but this reservoir is quite different.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:54.60,0:15:58.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's been around for a little over 100 years.\NAbout as old as Denver, almost.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:58.60,0:16:08.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The other thing is, is that, it fills up \Nevery winter and the main use over
Dialogue: 0,0:16:08.38,0:16:09.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the years has been agriculture.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:09.64,0:16:12.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,While Cherry Creek and Chatfield and \NBear Creek have been flood control.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:12.92,0:16:17.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Barr Lake has been around a long \Ntime and a lot of water goes out
Dialogue: 0,0:16:18.21,0:16:19.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there to be sent out to grow crops.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:20.12,0:16:24.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so the residence time is only 8 months.\NBasically, fills in the winter and releases
Dialogue: 0,0:16:24.47,0:16:26.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,during the summer and does \Nthis annual cycle.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:26.92,0:16:31.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is twice the size of volume as\NCherry Creek so it is pretty big.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:31.58,0:16:39.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's had a state park since 1975. And \Nthe main uses now are recreation,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:39.99,0:16:43.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,aquatic life, agriculture and drinking\Nwater that was added about
Dialogue: 0,0:16:44.25,0:16:45.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,15 or so years ago.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:46.99,0:16:49.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The main source of water to Barr Lake \Nis from the South Platte river.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:49.96,0:16:54.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's a 19 mile ditch, the Burlington\NDitch that diverts water from the
Dialogue: 0,0:16:54.47,0:16:58.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,South Platte River. Typically, it sweeps\Nthe entire river. So any water you see
Dialogue: 0,0:16:58.31,0:17:01.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,downtown by the confluence at Cherry\NCreek or by REI, that's going out a
Dialogue: 0,0:17:02.05,0:17:06.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,couple of miles to almost the riverside\Ncemetery and gets diverted and
Dialogue: 0,0:17:06.38,0:17:07.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sent to Barr Lake.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:07.78,0:17:10.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So travel time, if you were standing\NDowntown Denver, water going down
Dialogue: 0,0:17:11.47,0:17:14.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the south platte, it probably gets to \NBarr Lake in about a day and a half.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:15.85,0:17:20.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A lot of times, people think Barr Lake\Nis way out northeast. People don't see
Dialogue: 0,0:17:20.93,0:17:23.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it that much, but it is definitely \Nconnected to the urban Denver area.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:24.16,0:17:30.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The ditch can also send water around\NBarr Lake to several other agricultural
Dialogue: 0,0:17:31.18,0:17:38.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,reservoirs. So here's the watershed. \NBack in the 90's it collected a lot of
Dialogue: 0,0:17:38.38,0:17:41.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,water quality data in Barr Lake as \Nwell as Milton Reservoir.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:41.91,0:17:44.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And determined that both were \Nexceeding the pH standard which
Dialogue: 0,0:17:44.47,0:17:46.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is the upper limit is 9 and so they \Nwere going above 9.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:46.94,0:17:56.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So it got put on a 303 D-List. And \Nsimilar to Bear Creek, and Chatfield
Dialogue: 0,0:17:58.14,0:18:00.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and Cherry Creek, the state helped\Norganize a watershed association.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:01.75,0:18:04.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We call it the Barr-Milton watershed \Nassociation because we focus on both
Dialogue: 0,0:18:04.82,0:18:09.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of those. But my main focus of this talk\Nis Barr lake. The idea was that this group
Dialogue: 0,0:18:09.65,0:18:11.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,would bring all the stakeholders \Ntogether.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:11.75,0:18:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And help write a TMDL for pH. Which\Nmeant obviously, pH is a symptom,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:19.23,0:18:21.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so you go back to phosphorus.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:21.39,0:18:26.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So it's actually a phosphorus TMDL. \NTo determine how you can achieve
Dialogue: 0,0:18:27.32,0:18:28.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the pH standard.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:28.91,0:18:31.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The big story for this watershed,\Nobviously, is the number of people
Dialogue: 0,0:18:32.23,0:18:33.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,living just upstream of Barr Lake.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:34.26,0:18:38.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's literally about 1 in 2 coloradoans,\Nlive upstream of Barr. Which means,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:39.00,0:18:43.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,obviously, cultural eutrophication\Nagain and excessive amount of
Dialogue: 0,0:18:43.63,0:18:45.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,phosphorus that goes out to Barr Lake.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:46.87,0:18:50.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is sort of a timeline. This is a \Ntimeline of the phosphorus out at
Dialogue: 0,0:18:50.60,0:18:53.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Barr Lake, prior to 1960's for \Nabout 50 years.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:53.48,0:18:57.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As long as there was water in the \NSouth Platte coming out of Denver,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:57.33,0:18:58.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they didn't care what was in it.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:58.76,0:19:02.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Quantity trumped quality, so they sent\Nwater, anything to Barr Lake to
Dialogue: 0,0:19:03.06,0:19:06.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,according to it's water rights so they \Ncould fill it up so they could grow crops.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:07.22,0:19:10.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But that finally caught up to them and\Nit was labeled as the country's largest
Dialogue: 0,0:19:11.06,0:19:15.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,inland sewage bloom back in the\N50's and 60's.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:15.41,0:19:18.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so you can see the phosphorus\Nconcentrations are enormous.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:18.53,0:19:24.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then there was in the mid-60's there was\Na better job of consolidating wastewater
Dialogue: 0,0:19:24.70,0:19:27.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,treatments. and built a new treatment\Nplant that was downstream of the
Dialogue: 0,0:19:27.89,0:19:33.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,burlington ditch. And then by 1975\Nit became a state park. EPA actually
Dialogue: 0,0:19:34.34,0:19:37.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,came out and sampled it three \Ntimes in the mid 70's.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:37.91,0:19:41.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So you can see where the concentrations\Nwere in the 70s, just over 1 milligram
Dialogue: 0,0:19:41.50,0:19:43.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,per litre phosphorus.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:43.53,0:19:47.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then we started collecting a lot of\Ndata on water quality in the 90's, 2000's.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:48.26,0:19:52.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we collected a lot more data and that\Nresulted in showing about half of the
Dialogue: 0,0:19:53.00,0:19:55.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,phosphorus now, about 660 \Nmicrograms per litre.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:55.99,0:20:04.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then by 2015 we got down to 250 micrograms\Nper litre and that's where I got excited,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:04.83,0:20:06.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because look where we came from.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:06.21,0:20:12.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,From 10,000 micrograms per litre to 250. \Nreason why this happened was there was
Dialogue: 0,0:20:12.58,0:20:17.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the 2013 flood that happened in September\Nand it came down sand creek and washed
Dialogue: 0,0:20:17.90,0:20:22.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,out a pipeline that used to send treated\Neffluent from metro wastewater uphill
Dialogue: 0,0:20:23.28,0:20:25.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and put it into the burlington ditch.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:25.92,0:20:32.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That pipeline was washed away. so since\N2013 there's been no treated effluence
Dialogue: 0,0:20:32.35,0:20:36.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,being pumped up into the ditch to go \Nto Barr Lake.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:36.55,0:20:41.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So by, sort of, an act of God. It has \Ndefinitely helped water quality.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:41.88,0:20:47.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The TMDL process, the goal is to get\Nto less than 100 micorgrams/litre in
Dialogue: 0,0:20:47.51,0:20:50.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the growing season. So that's what we're\Nshooting for. So we still have to reduce
Dialogue: 0,0:20:51.16,0:20:55.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it by half again. So now we're in \Nthe phase of implementing the TMDL.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:55.74,0:21:03.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,From the TMDL, we estimated the annual\Nload of phosphorus, 70,000kg would go
Dialogue: 0,0:21:03.76,0:21:08.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,out to Barr Lake. About 90% of that came \Nfrom point sources, which was wastewater
Dialogue: 0,0:21:08.74,0:21:12.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,treatment plants and permitted\Nstormwater MS4 folks.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:13.77,0:21:18.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then there was background, and background\Nis what's coming from Chatfield, Cherry Creek
Dialogue: 0,0:21:19.09,0:21:22.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and Bear Creek. Those reservoirs release\Nwater into our watershed and so then
Dialogue: 0,0:21:23.20,0:21:24.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we have to account for that.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:24.82,0:21:28.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then about 4,000kg comes internally\Nfrom the reservoir.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:28.72,0:21:36.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need about a 92% reduction, which is\Nhuge, to get down to about 6,000kg a year.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:36.92,0:21:39.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then, you can see, it's a little more\Nbalanced distribution from the different
Dialogue: 0,0:21:39.98,0:21:44.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sources. One thing to note though, in \Nthis process, we learned that even if
Dialogue: 0,0:21:45.02,0:21:47.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you removed every single person in \Nthe watershed, all the streets, all the
Dialogue: 0,0:21:47.43,0:21:52.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,stormwater, removed all the point \Nsources, you'd still be left with the
Dialogue: 0,0:21:53.37,0:21:56.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,3,000 coming in from upstream watersheds \Nand the 4,000 in the reservoir.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:56.48,0:22:02.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So that's 7000kg which is more than what\Nwe think it will take to achieve the pH
Dialogue: 0,0:22:02.37,0:22:06.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,standard. And so it just means that every\Nsingle source needs to be addressed.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:09.06,0:22:10.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So how are we going to do this?
Dialogue: 0,0:22:10.63,0:22:14.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A lot of dollar signs on this slide, so \Nyou can see it's going to take a lot of money
Dialogue: 0,0:22:14.79,0:22:17.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to get down below 100 micrograms\Nper litre.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:17.67,0:22:21.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,First off, wastewater treatment plants\Nare moving to tertiary treatment.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:22.52,0:22:25.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Metro wastewater, Littleton/Englewood,\Nand Centennial are the three upstream
Dialogue: 0,0:22:27.67,0:22:29.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,wastewater treatment plants to Barr Lake.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:31.02,0:22:40.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Stormwater also. Denver, just last year I\Nbelieve, increased their stormwater bills. So they
Dialogue: 0,0:22:40.38,0:22:43.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,now have plans for major improvements in\Nnorth Denver.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:44.49,0:22:48.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Platte Park Hill is one of those big \Nstormwater projects that will eventually
Dialogue: 0,0:22:49.02,0:22:50.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,help water quality in Barr Lake.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:51.91,0:22:58.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We've also looked at studies for internal\Nloading. Not quite as expensive, but still
Dialogue: 0,0:22:58.41,0:23:00.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,going to cost some money.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:01.35,0:23:04.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we also have to treat the phosphorus\Nthat's coming out, from upstream in
Dialogue: 0,0:23:05.56,0:23:07.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our watershed. So we somehow have\Nto intercept that.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:09.85,0:23:11.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then of course we do public education.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:17.94,0:23:24.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here's a chart of our phosphorus. \NThis is sort of a monthly timeframe
Dialogue: 0,0:23:24.36,0:23:25.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the 15 years I've been sampling.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:25.86,0:23:28.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can see the phosphorus comes in \Nwith the water in the winter and slowly
Dialogue: 0,0:23:28.65,0:23:32.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,drops out. and then increases again in \Nthe summer, maybe during internal loading.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:33.33,0:23:34.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then it gets lowest in October.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:37.73,0:23:42.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Along with that, you get chlorphyill A. \NChart here shows there's a big diatom
Dialogue: 0,0:23:42.75,0:23:44.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,growth in the spring time.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:45.06,0:23:49.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the best time to go up to Barr Lake, I \Nrecommend, is in May and early June.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:49.74,0:23:54.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's very little growth of algae, it's\Nfull, and it's got great water clarity.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:55.20,0:23:59.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because as soon as 4th of July comes \Naround and the big recreational season,
Dialogue: 0,0:23:59.98,0:24:00.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the growing season.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:01.32,0:24:04.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Typically we would get the big blue-green\Nalgae bloom, the first one, the microcystis
Dialogue: 0,0:24:04.79,0:24:08.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,algae bloom. And the kind of crash and\Nbloom, crash and bloom. And we have
Dialogue: 0,0:24:08.54,0:24:11.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,another big one Aphantzomenon in \Nlate September.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:13.10,0:24:19.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this is why Barr Lake has the reputation\Nof being a blue-green algae scummy lake.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:19.60,0:24:23.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When I first started in '02 sampling this\Nwas pretty much every summer what it
Dialogue: 0,0:24:24.13,0:24:27.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,would look like. It would be monoculture\Nof algae bloom that would go over
Dialogue: 0,0:24:27.59,0:24:34.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the entire lake. And eventually get crusty\Nand scab over and cause odor issues
Dialogue: 0,0:24:34.90,0:24:36.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and stuff. \NAnd you can see the bottom picture.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:37.01,0:24:40.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The people that would mostly recreate\Nwould be people fishing from shore
Dialogue: 0,0:24:40.54,0:24:46.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they would just tolerate it and avoid\Nthose scums the best that they could.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:47.40,0:24:52.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,More recently, since the 2013 flood, there\Nhas been a big noticeable change.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:53.13,0:24:57.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Open water, it's clear and back in '02 \Nand '03 the boat wake would be green
Dialogue: 0,0:24:58.13,0:25:02.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not white and foamy. And then you can\Nsee last, middle of July, when we should
Dialogue: 0,0:25:02.93,0:25:07.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,be having a big bloom, we have really \Nnice water quality compared to
Dialogue: 0,0:25:07.25,0:25:08.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,previous years.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:10.54,0:25:14.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We did, because of the 2015 issues\Naround the cyanotoxins. We decided to
Dialogue: 0,0:25:15.14,0:25:19.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,say "Ok let's just kind of explore this\Nand get some strip tests from Abraxis
Dialogue: 0,0:25:19.46,0:25:25.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and do some testing out there." I tested\Nthe open water as well as near shore.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:26.82,0:25:31.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Open water never had any indication \Nof the cyanotoxins. The only time I got
Dialogue: 0,0:25:32.27,0:25:36.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it was when I would sample the shoreline\Nwhere we see this green line of
Dialogue: 0,0:25:36.50,0:25:37.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,blue-green algae.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:38.17,0:25:43.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Water quality's pretty good. It's not like\Nthe other pictures where it's completely
Dialogue: 0,0:25:43.56,0:25:44.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,crusted over.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:44.71,0:25:52.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There was still a small less intense algae\Nbloom. It was typically microcystis and
Dialogue: 0,0:25:52.100,0:25:54.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some Aphantzomenon.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:54.81,0:25:58.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but when we sent off those samples to\Ngreen water, we did get a hit on
Dialogue: 0,0:25:58.77,0:26:03.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,microcystin. We did not have any \NAnatoxin-A, saxitoxin, or
Dialogue: 0,0:26:03.43,0:26:06.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,cylindrospermopsin. It was mainly\Nbecause of the microcystis.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:07.37,0:26:11.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But Barr Lake, key note is, that even\Nthough it's classfied as primary full
Dialogue: 0,0:26:11.95,0:26:16.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,contact use. The rules out there for the \Nstate park is that there is no swimming,
Dialogue: 0,0:26:16.38,0:26:21.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,no swim beach, even dogs are not allowed \Nto wade into the water.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:21.06,0:26:25.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The main thing is just boating and recreating,\Nfishing from shore.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:25.92,0:26:30.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now clearly, people get into the water \Nthey roll their kayaks this was a camp
Dialogue: 0,0:26:30.44,0:26:32.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,here that would take kayaks out and learn\Nhow to roll kayaks.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:32.52,0:26:39.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so there is incidental contact. but the \Nthing is that we try to do a good job of
Dialogue: 0,0:26:39.28,0:26:43.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,educating people year round at Barr Lake\Nto be algae aware.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:43.58,0:26:49.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That you just want to avoid any time you\Nsee green surface scum on any body of water.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:49.92,0:26:55.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So what we do educationally, we try to do\Nour best to educate people just algae in
Dialogue: 0,0:26:55.64,0:26:59.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,general, water quality, phosphorus and\Nthe watershed.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:00.70,0:27:07.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the big plan here. If we achieve making\Nsure all these uses are being met, then
Dialogue: 0,0:27:07.74,0:27:09.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think we'll be good.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:09.66,0:27:14.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Obviously there's dollar signs to this. \Nso if aquatic life is happy then the
Dialogue: 0,0:27:14.80,0:27:15.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,fish will be happy.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:16.09,0:27:19.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We'll be spending less money on fixing \Nthe problem than just maintaining the
Dialogue: 0,0:27:19.74,0:27:20.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,proper conditions out there.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:21.44,0:27:24.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Recreation's a big deal. And then of \Ncourse we grow a lot of food and
Dialogue: 0,0:27:25.13,0:27:25.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's a water supply.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:26.52,0:27:30.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So those are definitely all these. \NWhat's unique about our lake is that
Dialogue: 0,0:27:30.85,0:27:31.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these uses are equally important.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:32.70,0:27:36.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if we achieve the right amount of \Nnutrients coming from the watershed,
Dialogue: 0,0:27:36.62,0:27:41.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then we believe the blooms will be less\Nintense, not as long and that the
Dialogue: 0,0:27:41.53,0:27:43.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,reservoir will be a healthy system.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:44.51,0:27:49.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I believe with that, I'll end with a \Nsunset picture and I thank every body
Dialogue: 0,0:27:49.33,0:27:51.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for listening to me for the last \Nhalf hour.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:54.32,0:27:58.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Kaitlyn; Thank you so much Steve. \NWe are going to switch to Troy.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:58.63,0:28:03.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Troy I just made you a presenter and I\Nbelieve you just un-muted yourself.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:03.82,0:28:04.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:05.12,0:28:16.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Troy: Good morning every body. \NIs my sound and screen working ok?
Dialogue: 0,0:28:17.62,0:28:18.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They sure are.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:19.57,0:28:20.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Troy: Ok good deal.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:21.35,0:28:28.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Moderator: You are not in presentation\Nmode so we can still see your next slide.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:28.70,0:28:54.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Troy: Let's try that. Did that help?
Dialogue: 0,0:28:55.47,0:29:00.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Moderator: No, we can still see your next\Nslide but feel free to carry on.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:01.78,0:29:05.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Troy: Ok, sorry about that. So you get a \Npreview of what I'm talking about before
Dialogue: 0,0:29:06.12,0:29:11.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I get there. We're going to switch from \Npoint sources, that Steve was talking
Dialogue: 0,0:29:12.03,0:29:13.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about with Barr Lake.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:14.11,0:29:17.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, system mostly impacted by point sources to non point source.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:17.90,0:29:23.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My field is working with agricultural producers on reducing nutrient losses on their fields.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:23.51,0:29:29.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'll give you a little bit about the \Nprocess. and where we are on that.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:29.88,0:29:34.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So it's important to remember that ag \Nnutrients, nitrogen and phosphorus are
Dialogue: 0,0:29:34.67,0:29:38.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in other nutrients, but in this instance \Nwe are talking about N and P.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:39.15,0:29:43.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Are absolutely required for productive\Nagriculture. If we fail to replace or
Dialogue: 0,0:29:44.01,0:29:48.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,supplement nitrogen and phosphorus \Nthat's removed by our crop systems,
Dialogue: 0,0:29:49.19,0:29:53.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ultimately not only will you result in low \Nand unprofitable yields,
Dialogue: 0,0:29:54.14,0:30:01.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but you'll end up with a situation where you're not putting enough crop residue back into the system and you can have soil degredation.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:02.29,0:30:03.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So it is important for sustainable \Nagriculture.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:04.40,0:30:13.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But of course we need good management. \NTo prevent too much N and P in our soils
Dialogue: 0,0:30:13.63,0:30:18.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then of course the potential to\Nreduce the potential for movement to
Dialogue: 0,0:30:18.49,0:30:19.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,surface and groundwater.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:21.36,0:30:32.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So recently, in 2012, Colorado passed \Na nutrient policy called regulation 85.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:33.90,0:30:38.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For agriculture it's still a non point \Nsource kind of voluntary approach
Dialogue: 0,0:30:38.73,0:30:47.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to help incentivize producers to utilize, \Nvoluntarily, BMPs around nitrogen and
Dialogue: 0,0:30:47.43,0:30:49.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,phosphorus control in their operations.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:49.90,0:31:00.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we partnered with CDPHE, to produce\Nsome resources and outreach program
Dialogue: 0,0:31:00.57,0:31:04.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which we are calling Colorado Ag Water \NQuality and this is our logo.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:04.60,0:31:10.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you'll find all these resources at \Nthat URL, coloradoagnutrients.org.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:10.100,0:31:18.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the purpose of this outreach effort is \Nto get the word out to growers about
Dialogue: 0,0:31:18.18,0:31:21.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how reg 85 could potentially affect them.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:22.10,0:31:27.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and right now it's a non point source \Nvoluntary policy for agriculture, but
Dialogue: 0,0:31:27.66,0:31:31.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they are going to reevaluate that in \N2022 to see if we've made progress
Dialogue: 0,0:31:31.54,0:31:37.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on BMP implementation, adoption and \Nwater quality as it relates to non
Dialogue: 0,0:31:37.77,0:31:39.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,point source in agriculture.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:39.64,0:31:43.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'd really encourage you to go to that\NURL. There's a couple of videos up
Dialogue: 0,0:31:43.78,0:31:51.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there that do a really nice job of having\Nthe stakeholders, producers and people
Dialogue: 0,0:31:51.49,0:31:57.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that represent them talk about how \Nnutrient, using nutrients in agriculture
Dialogue: 0,0:31:57.75,0:31:59.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is important to them.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:59.46,0:32:04.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and practices they can use to prevent \Nnon point source pollution.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:05.09,0:32:07.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'd encourage you to go check that out.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:08.41,0:32:13.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the approach that I encourage and \Nwe do in our program is what I call
Dialogue: 0,0:32:14.03,0:32:16.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,participatory research and outreach.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:16.77,0:32:19.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Around getting growers to implement \NBMPs voluntary.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:20.62,0:32:25.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And some of the concepts that we work\Nwith are nutrient management with
Dialogue: 0,0:32:25.49,0:32:26.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the 4R concept.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:26.90,0:32:30.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We encourage BMPs around conservation\Ntillage and the soil resource.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:31.09,0:32:38.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what's really important in a semi-arid\Nstate like colorado, where so much of our
Dialogue: 0,0:32:38.38,0:32:45.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,crop production relies on agriculture's\Nmanaging that water source improved
Dialogue: 0,0:32:45.55,0:32:48.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,irrigation systems and advanced\Nirrigation scheduling.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:48.43,0:32:50.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and i'll talk about that a little bit more \Nin a couple of slides.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:51.25,0:32:56.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then finally, we definitely want to\Nwork with our growers on the agronomic
Dialogue: 0,0:32:57.25,0:33:00.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and economic feasibility of these \Npractices to help them understand
Dialogue: 0,0:33:00.94,0:33:02.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how they can help the bottom line.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:04.81,0:33:10.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so early in the process of any localized\Nor state wide stakeholder engagement
Dialogue: 0,0:33:11.35,0:33:14.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,around ag and water quality, it's \Nimportant to get the stakeholders
Dialogue: 0,0:33:14.68,0:33:15.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,involved early in the process.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:17.15,0:33:22.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we've been doing that for many years.\Nproducer input; we want them to
Dialogue: 0,0:33:23.07,0:33:27.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,understand that buying into what is even\Ndefined as a best management practice.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:28.66,0:33:32.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then demonstrate their effectiveness\Nand their agronomic practicality.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:32.80,0:33:37.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then try to follow up with tools and\Nresources that our producers can use
Dialogue: 0,0:33:37.39,0:33:41.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and understand and help them manage \Ntheir nutrients and water better.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:43.98,0:33:48.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So a little bit about BMP effectiveness\Non the ground.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:48.60,0:33:53.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I talked about the 4R concept that's kind \Nof become fairly popular recently in
Dialogue: 0,0:33:53.25,0:33:58.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,agriculture. And that is applying the \Nright nutrient at the right amount, or rate,
Dialogue: 0,0:33:59.05,0:34:01.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at the right place within the soil.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:02.02,0:34:09.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Either spatially or within the plane of \Nthe root zone, at the right time. Trying
Dialogue: 0,0:34:09.20,0:34:11.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to time our nutrients when the crops \Nneed them the most.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:12.34,0:34:18.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the uptake efficiency will be be higher.\Nand the right source.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:19.12,0:34:23.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sometimes we have different nutrient \Nsources, whether it be compost or
Dialogue: 0,0:34:24.19,0:34:28.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,commercial fertilizer. It might be \Nbetter for the conditions on the
Dialogue: 0,0:34:28.66,0:34:30.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ground or the farmer's situation.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:32.60,0:34:37.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When these practices are properly \Nimplemented, they do in most cases
Dialogue: 0,0:34:37.47,0:34:42.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,increase nutrient use efficiency by the\Ncrop and thus prevent the potential for
Dialogue: 0,0:34:42.56,0:34:43.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,movement in most environments.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:45.14,0:34:48.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However, as I mentioned before, \Nin Colorado in our irrigated
Dialogue: 0,0:34:48.45,0:34:54.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,environment we know that most of our\Nlosses are with water, soluableized
Dialogue: 0,0:34:54.77,0:34:56.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or attached to sediments.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:56.48,0:35:02.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For these 4R's to work we need improved\Nirrigation management to take place
Dialogue: 0,0:35:02.81,0:35:08.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at the same time. In each of nutrients\Ntype we don't manage our water,
Dialogue: 0,0:35:08.61,0:35:10.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we could be defeating the purpose.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:14.08,0:35:16.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So a little bit about irrigation\Nmanagement.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:16.76,0:35:19.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Like I mentioned, it's really critical\Nfor quatifiable reductions at the
Dialogue: 0,0:35:19.31,0:35:23.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,field level. Particularly with nitrate \Nleaching but also with runoff.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:23.81,0:35:30.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you can have improvements in system\Nupgrades moving from a furrow to a
Dialogue: 0,0:35:30.49,0:35:36.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,pivot to a drip system. or you can improve\Nyour management in terms of scheduling
Dialogue: 0,0:35:36.89,0:35:39.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,your water at the right time and \Nright amount.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:39.44,0:35:44.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and together those two practices can go a\Nlong way for tightly managing your water
Dialogue: 0,0:35:45.18,0:35:52.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and your nutrients. and a lot of this is\Noccurring organically in the watershed.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:53.15,0:36:02.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a good example I like to show is some\Ngoogle earth imagery, satellite imagery
Dialogue: 0,0:36:02.55,0:36:07.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from around fort morgan.\NAnd if you go back to 1998 and look,
Dialogue: 0,0:36:08.15,0:36:13.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this is black and white imagery. you\Ncan see a grid work of rectangular and
Dialogue: 0,0:36:13.56,0:36:20.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,square fields out there as recently as\Nonly 20 years ago.
Dialogue: 0,0:36:20.54,0:36:23.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but if you look at an image from just a \Ncouple of years ago, you can see that
Dialogue: 0,0:36:24.15,0:36:30.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,most of those have been replaced with\Ncircles and center pivot irrigation systems
Dialogue: 0,0:36:30.72,0:36:35.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the opportunity to manage your \Nwater and your nutrients is much higher
Dialogue: 0,0:36:35.44,0:36:38.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when you improve your efficiency of\Nyour system.
Dialogue: 0,0:36:38.85,0:36:43.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a lot of this is happening already. \Ngrowers are adopting these practices
Dialogue: 0,0:36:43.86,0:36:47.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for a variety of reasons, but usually it's \Neconomics and labor.
Dialogue: 0,0:36:47.91,0:36:53.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mentioned we like to provide tools that\Ngrowers can use to manage their nutrients
Dialogue: 0,0:36:53.60,0:36:54.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and their water.
Dialogue: 0,0:36:55.02,0:36:59.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and recently we released an online\Nirrigation scheduler called WISE.
Dialogue: 0,0:37:00.63,0:37:05.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is a couple screen shots from that \Nparticular product.
Dialogue: 0,0:37:05.72,0:37:09.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can find that at wise.colostate.edu.
Dialogue: 0,0:37:10.22,0:37:15.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's a very user friendly, convenient \Nirrigation scheduling platform at
Dialogue: 0,0:37:15.69,0:37:18.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,erams at colorado state university.
Dialogue: 0,0:37:18.65,0:37:21.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,again tying our nutrients to our \Nwater management.
Dialogue: 0,0:37:22.93,0:37:27.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the other thing that i mentioned that is\Nimportant for agriculture for adoption
Dialogue: 0,0:37:27.37,0:37:31.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of BMPs is to show results and water \Nquality is part of that.
Dialogue: 0,0:37:31.85,0:37:37.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,growers need to know that if they use\Nthese practices it will make a difference.
Dialogue: 0,0:37:38.09,0:37:43.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on one side of your screen you can see\Nsome water quality coming off fields
Dialogue: 0,0:37:43.26,0:37:48.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where we had just conventional tillage \Nand on the other side of the screen
Dialogue: 0,0:37:48.36,0:37:52.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can see BMP in terms of strip tillage\Nand you can see the residue that it
Dialogue: 0,0:37:52.46,0:37:55.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,left in place there.\Nand how that residue is affecting the
Dialogue: 0,0:37:55.66,0:37:59.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,quality of the water coming off that plot \Ncompared to the other plot.
Dialogue: 0,0:38:01.64,0:38:06.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and of course, the bottom line matters \Nwith growers. they are in business to
Dialogue: 0,0:38:06.44,0:38:12.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,make money. and so we try to provide \Nthem the costs and returns of
Dialogue: 0,0:38:12.24,0:38:19.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,adopting practices. our gross returns are \Nrepresented largely by the yield on one
Dialogue: 0,0:38:20.12,0:38:25.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,side of your graph where you can see the\Ndark brown bar of conventional, compared
Dialogue: 0,0:38:25.33,0:38:32.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the light brown bar of strip vs the green\Nbar of another BMP that we tried that was
Dialogue: 0,0:38:32.70,0:38:35.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,minimum till on this particular project.
Dialogue: 0,0:38:35.81,0:38:41.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and where the gross returns showed the\NBMP was losing a little bit of money,
Dialogue: 0,0:38:41.89,0:38:46.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when we looked at the net returns because\Nof the costs of inputs for that particular
Dialogue: 0,0:38:46.85,0:38:51.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,practice, you can see that the gross \Nreturns were highest with the BMP
Dialogue: 0,0:38:51.44,0:38:52.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,practice of strip tillage.
Dialogue: 0,0:38:53.36,0:38:57.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so the bottom line matters and it's \Nimportant to work with growers so
Dialogue: 0,0:38:57.26,0:38:59.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that they know how these practices are \Ngoing to affect that for them.
Dialogue: 0,0:39:01.90,0:39:07.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some challenges that i see or have seen in\Nmy career, both looking locally and
Dialogue: 0,0:39:07.80,0:39:12.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,nationally in terms of what we're facing in \Nnutrients and water quality.
Dialogue: 0,0:39:12.56,0:39:21.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in colorado, where water rights and\Npolicy may be perceived from keeping
Dialogue: 0,0:39:21.70,0:39:24.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,growers from implementing certain, \Nmaybe, irrigation practices.
Dialogue: 0,0:39:25.21,0:39:28.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a lot of times that's more perception \Nthan reality but it's still out there.
Dialogue: 0,0:39:29.37,0:39:32.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In many parts of the country we have some\Nnutrient balances and watersheds, with
Dialogue: 0,0:39:32.97,0:39:36.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,high density of animal feeding \Nthat are off.
Dialogue: 0,0:39:36.61,0:39:39.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we have more N and P coming in than\Nis going out as product.
Dialogue: 0,0:39:40.40,0:39:45.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I see places where perhaps our baseline\Nconcentrations are greater than the
Dialogue: 0,0:39:45.99,0:39:48.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,standard that we are going to try and\Nachieve and I think that's going to be
Dialogue: 0,0:39:49.08,0:39:53.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,difficult with non point source \Nimplementation to meet those targets.
Dialogue: 0,0:39:54.97,0:39:59.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then the idea, we know that a lot \Nof our water quality problems are localized.
Dialogue: 0,0:40:00.04,0:40:07.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And how do you target a watershed or an\Narea of agriculture without making the
Dialogue: 0,0:40:08.01,0:40:13.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,producers feel like they are being \Ntargeted, as, at the problem with
Dialogue: 0,0:40:13.25,0:40:18.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,finger pointing. Funding is always an\Nissue. not all of these BMPs are cost
Dialogue: 0,0:40:19.68,0:40:20.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,neutral or positive.
Dialogue: 0,0:40:20.96,0:40:26.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so getting funding through NRCS cost \Nshares or other places to help implement
Dialogue: 0,0:40:26.41,0:40:27.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these is an issue.
Dialogue: 0,0:40:28.34,0:40:32.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then finally, when it comes to showing\Nthese are working. obtaining non point
Dialogue: 0,0:40:33.08,0:40:38.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,source water quality and adoption data is\Ngoing to be necessary to show agriculture's
Dialogue: 0,0:40:39.08,0:40:40.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,doing it's part moving forward.
Dialogue: 0,0:40:42.54,0:40:47.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just to finish up here. like i said, \Nsupplemental nutrients are definitely
Dialogue: 0,0:40:48.17,0:40:54.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,necessary for sustainable agriculture.\Nyou can't continue to grow profitable crops
Dialogue: 0,0:40:54.40,0:40:56.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,without supplementing what they are\Nremoving from the system.
Dialogue: 0,0:40:56.99,0:41:01.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They have a lot of BMPs that can help \Nmitigate that loss in movement in
Dialogue: 0,0:41:01.41,0:41:02.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,water resources.
Dialogue: 0,0:41:02.43,0:41:07.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A lot of these growers are using already\Nand I think we can improve upon what
Dialogue: 0,0:41:07.36,0:41:09.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we are doing as we learn more information.
Dialogue: 0,0:41:10.48,0:41:16.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Incentives, tools and resources are all\Ncritical to help growers adopt BMPs.
Dialogue: 0,0:41:16.53,0:41:19.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and i think we can all work together \Nto do a better job with that.
Dialogue: 0,0:41:20.43,0:41:25.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's definitely important to engage\Ngrowers early and often in this process
Dialogue: 0,0:41:26.13,0:41:30.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and not only the growers but their \Nrepresentatives and commodity groups
Dialogue: 0,0:41:30.94,0:41:32.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the people that advise them.
Dialogue: 0,0:41:36.76,0:41:42.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that is what I had to share this morning. \NI appreciate your attention and
Dialogue: 0,0:41:43.16,0:41:48.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I appreciate the opportunity to be \Non this call. So I'll turn it back to Kaitlyn.
Dialogue: 0,0:41:51.07,0:41:57.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Kaitlyn: It looks like we have a few \Nquestions coming in, so i think Emily
Dialogue: 0,0:41:57.32,0:42:03.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will read those and Troy and Steve can \Nsee if they have responses.
Dialogue: 0,0:42:05.34,0:42:07.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Emily: Yeah, so we have a few questions.
Dialogue: 0,0:42:09.60,0:42:14.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The first question comes from Lisa \NBuchanan and she asks, "How difficult
Dialogue: 0,0:42:14.37,0:42:19.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was it to get buy in for upstream treatment for Barr Lake?"
Dialogue: 0,0:42:22.10,0:42:28.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Steve: Well, buy-in. So starting in 2002\Nwe formed this watershed group that
Dialogue: 0,0:42:28.53,0:42:35.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,brought together the point source \Ndischargers as well as the users of the
Dialogue: 0,0:42:35.58,0:42:38.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,lake and the owners of the lake and the\Npeople that use it for drinking water.
Dialogue: 0,0:42:39.67,0:42:45.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So our goal from the very beginning \Nwas to have the consensus- driven
Dialogue: 0,0:42:45.70,0:42:48.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,process with this board of directors and \Nthis watershed group.
Dialogue: 0,0:42:48.47,0:42:52.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We didn't want to have finger pointing \Nand going down lawsuit routes and
Dialogue: 0,0:42:53.12,0:42:57.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have twenty models trying to \Nexplain the system.
Dialogue: 0,0:42:57.51,0:43:01.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so from the very beginning when we\Nformed our watershed group and we put in
Dialogue: 0,0:43:02.03,0:43:06.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our bylaws, we wanted to have buy in from \Nevery body that was sitting at the table.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:06.93,0:43:13.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To join, and to be a member of the board,\Nyou had to put in $10,000 as a member
Dialogue: 0,0:43:13.90,0:43:15.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you got a seat on the board.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:15.70,0:43:21.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so the people, the dischargers, the \Nupstream folks that were definitely
Dialogue: 0,0:43:21.50,0:43:25.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,going to be part of the TMDL as an\Nallocation for phosphorus, wanted
Dialogue: 0,0:43:25.70,0:43:26.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to be at the table.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:26.99,0:43:31.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so you joined and then we all agree,\Nthat you know. We all understand this
Dialogue: 0,0:43:31.84,0:43:37.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is an effort by everybody and that \Neveryone's going to be paying for
Dialogue: 0,0:43:37.26,0:43:40.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,treatment plant upgrades, everyone's \Ngoing to be paying for drinking
Dialogue: 0,0:43:40.40,0:43:41.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,water upgrades.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:41.94,0:43:47.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Everybody will hopefully be enjoying\NBarr Lake and so we really tried to come
Dialogue: 0,0:43:47.72,0:43:53.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,together as one group and always make\Ndecisions based on 100% consensus.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:53.99,0:43:57.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We literally do our voting with thumbs up\Nor thumbs down. if we don't have
Dialogue: 0,0:43:57.71,0:43:59.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,everyone's thumbs up then we\Ncontinue to work on it.
Dialogue: 0,0:44:02.04,0:44:04.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Emily: thank you so much. \Nwe have a couple more questions.
Dialogue: 0,0:44:05.36,0:44:13.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The next one is directed at Steve. "Steve\Ndid you alum to fix P in sediment?
Dialogue: 0,0:44:14.04,0:44:16.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If so, what was the result and cost? Thanks"
Dialogue: 0,0:44:18.56,0:44:23.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Steve: Sure. So alum is a very common\Nwhole lake treatment process. People
Dialogue: 0,0:44:23.84,0:44:25.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have been using since the 70's.
Dialogue: 0,0:44:25.48,0:44:29.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have not used alum in Barr Lake. \NWe have people, we've had some reports
Dialogue: 0,0:44:30.24,0:44:33.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,saying that alum would be a great way to\Nbind up and keep that phosphorus
Dialogue: 0,0:44:34.10,0:44:36.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,bound up in the sediment. \NThe in-canal treatment, \N
Dialogue: 0,0:44:36.82,0:44:39.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,treating the upstream phosphorus that\Ncomes into our watershed and then
Dialogue: 0,0:44:40.01,0:44:41.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,comes through and comes down the ditch.
Dialogue: 0,0:44:41.38,0:44:45.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One process or a study we said was that\Nwe could divert that water out of the ditch.
Dialogue: 0,0:44:46.01,0:44:51.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,mix it with alum, separate the phosphorus,\Nand then send that water into Barr Lake.
Dialogue: 0,0:44:52.30,0:44:56.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We did use alum a little bit in, there\Nwas that picture of those corrals, those
Dialogue: 0,0:44:56.34,0:44:59.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,columnar corrals they did some studying\Nof what would happen to cholophill A
Dialogue: 0,0:45:00.17,0:45:03.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and phosphorus if phosphorus\Ndid get below 100.
Dialogue: 0,0:45:04.30,0:45:07.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because we've never seen it below 300. \Nso we had to do some artificial
Dialogue: 0,0:45:08.13,0:45:12.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,testing out there. and we did use alum \Nto strip out the phosphorus in the water
Dialogue: 0,0:45:12.24,0:45:15.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,column. just so we could see how\Nthe lake responds.
Dialogue: 0,0:45:15.76,0:45:19.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's about, when we did our study, it's\Nabout $1 per gallon and so it's just a
Dialogue: 0,0:45:20.04,0:45:23.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,matter of how many gallons of alum you \Nwant to put in to remove the amount
Dialogue: 0,0:45:23.28,0:45:24.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of phosphorus.
Dialogue: 0,0:45:26.17,0:45:32.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Emily: thanks. The next question comes\Nfrom Ken Clark. "What are the
Dialogue: 0,0:45:33.04,0:45:37.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,opportunities. What opportunities are \Nthere for translating or scaling, agricultural
Dialogue: 0,0:45:37.91,0:45:40.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,BMPs to urban landscape practices?"
Dialogue: 0,0:45:46.30,0:45:47.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let me know if you want me to \Nrepeat the question.
Dialogue: 0,0:45:48.86,0:45:51.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Troy: Go ahead and start Steve.
Dialogue: 0,0:45:52.93,0:45:58.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Steve:The only thing I can sort of talk \Nabout a little bit is, some of those
Dialogue: 0,0:45:58.91,0:46:04.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,translations of nutrient management with \Nfertilizers, the same concept can be
Dialogue: 0,0:46:04.39,0:46:06.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,applied to what we do with urban lawns.
Dialogue: 0,0:46:07.12,0:46:14.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so, a lot of times, its a matter of \Nkeeping the fertilizer on your lawn.
Dialogue: 0,0:46:15.60,0:46:19.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so it's the 4R's applies to your lawn as \Nwell as a corn field in Weld county.
Dialogue: 0,0:46:19.69,0:46:25.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Don't do it just before a storm event, \Nwashes on your driveway and goes
Dialogue: 0,0:46:25.27,0:46:28.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into a storm drain. Maybe do some soil \Ntesting and maybe you don't need
Dialogue: 0,0:46:28.93,0:46:30.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,phosphorus to grow a lawn.
Dialogue: 0,0:46:30.73,0:46:33.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Phosphorus is, as I understand, is for\Nseed production and flowering. People
Dialogue: 0,0:46:34.14,0:46:38.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just want a green lawn so that's the\Nnitrogen part of it. Troy do you have
Dialogue: 0,0:46:38.48,0:46:38.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,anything else?
Dialogue: 0,0:46:39.43,0:46:46.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Troy: Just would ditto that. Again when\Nyou look at CSU Extension's
Dialogue: 0,0:46:46.69,0:46:50.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,recommendations for lawns, we don't \Nreally even recommend phosphorus.
Dialogue: 0,0:46:50.55,0:46:56.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We prefer folks stick with nitrogen\Nand for a low maintenance lawn that's
Dialogue: 0,0:46:56.49,0:47:02.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,really at around 1 pound per \N1,000 square foot per year.
Dialogue: 0,0:47:03.75,0:47:07.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Again making sure you put the right rate on,\Nnot too much, at the right time.
Dialogue: 0,0:47:08.55,0:47:10.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we have recommendations for those too.
Dialogue: 0,0:47:10.90,0:47:15.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the biggest one is just keeping it \Noff impermeable surfaces.
Dialogue: 0,0:47:17.71,0:47:25.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Emily: Great, thanks. So the next question\Nis directed at Troy. From Kelly Denataly.
Dialogue: 0,0:47:26.49,0:47:29.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Do you think the rollback of the Obama\Nadministration's clean water rules
Dialogue: 0,0:47:30.21,0:47:34.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will change the attitudes of ag producers\Ntowards implementing BMPs?"
Dialogue: 0,0:47:36.63,0:47:42.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Troy: Hmm. [chuckle] Good one Kelly.\NI don't think so.
Dialogue: 0,0:47:42.48,0:47:52.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Particularly in Colorado, since we do have\Nsomewhat of a statewide policy with reg 85
Dialogue: 0,0:47:52.25,0:47:55.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and some of the other policies with non\Npoint source with agriculture.
Dialogue: 0,0:47:57.68,0:48:04.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, our state, is so semi-arid and \Nwe have so few places where we have
Dialogue: 0,0:48:04.63,0:48:09.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,direct contact between agriculture and a \Nstream, I don't think so.
Dialogue: 0,0:48:10.22,0:48:18.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think that there are a lot of economic\Nincentives especially around fertilizer to
Dialogue: 0,0:48:18.38,0:48:28.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,apply the 4R concept to what they're \Ndoing that what I worry perhaps more
Dialogue: 0,0:48:28.38,0:48:36.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about is cuts to conservation programs \Nwithin agencies such as USDA-NRCS
Dialogue: 0,0:48:36.48,0:48:42.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and research potential cuts as has been\Nproposed to the ag research service,
Dialogue: 0,0:48:43.40,0:48:47.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,agricultural research service within USDA \Nand our land grant system.
Dialogue: 0,0:48:47.53,0:48:53.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because that's where we develop a lot of\Nthe information that we can translate to
Dialogue: 0,0:48:54.34,0:48:59.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,producers about, you know, the best way\Nto manage their nutrients.
Dialogue: 0,0:48:59.76,0:49:06.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't think it's going to be, I'm less \Nworried about perhaps, changes in
Dialogue: 0,0:49:06.37,0:49:13.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,attitudes with growers than I am with the \Nproposed cuts to our research and land
Dialogue: 0,0:49:13.37,0:49:19.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,grant and outreach organizations that work\Ndirectly with producers around the country.
Dialogue: 0,0:49:22.27,0:49:31.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Emily: the next question comes to us from \NKevin McBride. and he asks "how is the?"
Dialogue: 0,0:49:32.46,0:49:36.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,agricultural practice of high alt hay and \Nranching different from the row cropping
Dialogue: 0,0:49:36.72,0:49:41.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,discussed? Is there extra nutrients appropriate BMPs?"
Dialogue: 0,0:49:41.84,0:49:47.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Troy: I think I understand the question.\NWhat are some differences in Best
Dialogue: 0,0:49:53.56,0:49:57.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,management practices between high \Naltitude mountain meadow production
Dialogue: 0,0:49:58.10,0:49:59.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,versus row crop production.
Dialogue: 0,0:50:00.18,0:50:06.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They are not terribly different, it's just\Nthe opportunities perhaps to do things
Dialogue: 0,0:50:06.42,0:50:11.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like placement like nutrients in the \Nroot zone or a little more limited in
Dialogue: 0,0:50:12.20,0:50:13.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,those established pastures.
Dialogue: 0,0:50:14.40,0:50:19.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but there's other things that they can\Ndo up there. Timing makes a difference
Dialogue: 0,0:50:19.63,0:50:23.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on when you apply fertilizer to a high \Naltitude meadow system.
Dialogue: 0,0:50:23.49,0:50:29.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we've done some research with Joe \NBrummer, in our department, a forage
Dialogue: 0,0:50:30.16,0:50:34.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and high mountain meadow specialist, on\Ntiming fertilizer applications in the fall vs
Dialogue: 0,0:50:35.02,0:50:39.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,early spring vs late spring. \Nand found that the earlier you can apply
Dialogue: 0,0:50:40.08,0:50:43.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,your nutrients before you apply your\Nirrigation water in the spring, the less
Dialogue: 0,0:50:43.34,0:50:46.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,likely they are going to move out of \Nthose systems.
Dialogue: 0,0:50:47.26,0:50:49.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'd say the other difference is that\Nthose mountain meadows have a
Dialogue: 0,0:50:50.07,0:50:55.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,very short growing season and limited \Nproductivities, so they, a lot of times
Dialogue: 0,0:50:55.82,0:50:59.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,their productivity is not necessarily\Ndefined as much by how much fertilizer
Dialogue: 0,0:51:00.28,0:51:03.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they apply. \NIs the short growing season whereas
Dialogue: 0,0:51:04.10,0:51:09.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,down here on the plains with row crop\Nagriculture much longer growing season
Dialogue: 0,0:51:09.70,0:51:12.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and typically much higher nutrient application rates.
Dialogue: 0,0:51:14.19,0:51:19.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Emily: great thanks. The next question is\Nfor Troy from Lisa Buchanan. She asks
Dialogue: 0,0:51:20.24,0:51:24.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"for areas where BMPs are being used, have\Nyou seen an improvement in downstream
Dialogue: 0,0:51:24.95,0:51:26.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,water quality is treated?"'
Dialogue: 0,0:51:28.31,0:51:31.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Troy: Yeah that's a good question. I\Npersonally haven't done any, that
Dialogue: 0,0:51:31.67,0:51:37.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,many studies with surface water quality\Nand BMP implementation on a
Dialogue: 0,0:51:37.45,0:51:42.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,watershed scale. The data I showed\Nyou was on the edge of field scale.
Dialogue: 0,0:51:42.83,0:51:49.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we definitely can show edge of \Nfield water quality improvements at
Dialogue: 0,0:51:49.21,0:51:55.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,edge of field in the work that I've done. \Nnationally other folks have done
Dialogue: 0,0:51:55.57,0:52:00.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,watershed studies and it depends on the\NBMP systems and how well they were
Dialogue: 0,0:52:01.06,0:52:05.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,implemented and how well the BMP\Nfit the agriculture in the area.
Dialogue: 0,0:52:08.10,0:52:11.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Emily: thanks. we have time for one\Nmore question. This question comes
Dialogue: 0,0:52:12.30,0:52:17.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from Jojo Laff and he asks "Troy in your\Nexperience what is the best way to
Dialogue: 0,0:52:17.78,0:52:21.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,agricultural members buy in for \Nparticipation in voluntary programs?"
Dialogue: 0,0:52:22.89,0:52:27.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"What do you believe are the best \Nincentives for participation? Additionally,
Dialogue: 0,0:52:27.36,0:52:32.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what is the best way to conduct public\Neducation on BMPs and the tools available?"
Dialogue: 0,0:52:33.96,0:52:35.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let me know if you want me to repeat \Nany part of that.
Dialogue: 0,0:52:38.18,0:52:42.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Troy: So the best, or the first part of that\Nquestion I heard, I think I heard was
Dialogue: 0,0:52:42.93,0:52:46.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"what's the best way to agricultural \Nproducers involved and interested in
Dialogue: 0,0:52:47.10,0:52:50.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,learning about and implementing \Nbest management practices.?"
Dialogue: 0,0:52:51.14,0:52:55.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It depends on the practice to be honest\Nwith you. I think a lot of practices, like I
Dialogue: 0,0:52:56.20,0:53:00.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,showed with implementing center pivot\Nirrigation instead of furrow irrigation
Dialogue: 0,0:53:00.64,0:53:04.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are happening on their own because \Nthe incentives are already there.
Dialogue: 0,0:53:04.35,0:53:07.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whether it's labor saving time or \Nmoney or nutrients.
Dialogue: 0,0:53:07.97,0:53:13.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The tougher ones I think are \Nstructural BMPS like filter strips
Dialogue: 0,0:53:13.53,0:53:19.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and set backs and things like that may cost \Nproducers some time and money.
Dialogue: 0,0:53:19.41,0:53:24.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think those have, your incentives there \Nare cost sharing and those kinds of things.
Dialogue: 0,0:53:24.72,0:53:31.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think in terms of getting them to the table,\Nyou know, working through their groups that
Dialogue: 0,0:53:32.29,0:53:36.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,represent them, whether they be commodity\Nor livestock associations are really important.
Dialogue: 0,0:53:36.93,0:53:41.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,those folks are really engaged in the \Nconversation and they want their
Dialogue: 0,0:53:41.91,0:53:43.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,producers to know what's going on.
Dialogue: 0,0:53:44.61,0:53:48.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because there's so many producers and\Nthere's so few of us doing this kind of work,
Dialogue: 0,0:53:49.07,0:53:50.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we can't talk to every body.
Dialogue: 0,0:53:51.05,0:53:57.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But getting people around the table is really important whether it be growers or the people that represent them.
Dialogue: 0,0:53:58.50,0:54:00.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Can you repeat the second part of \Nthat question?
Dialogue: 0,0:54:02.27,0:54:06.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Emily: The second part asks, "Additionally,\Nwhat is the best way to conduct public
Dialogue: 0,0:54:07.38,0:54:10.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,education on BMPs and the tools available?"
Dialogue: 0,0:54:12.56,0:54:18.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Troy: yeah, that is an interesting question.
Dialogue: 0,0:54:18.31,0:54:23.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because we just went through this process \Nwith CDPHE and stakeholders over the past
Dialogue: 0,0:54:24.30,0:54:31.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,year with reg 85 and the example outreach\Nprogram that I showed early in my
Dialogue: 0,0:54:32.34,0:54:40.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,presentation. And we've kind of evolved\Nabout how we presented information to
Dialogue: 0,0:54:40.97,0:54:45.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,producers. It used to be a lot of factsheets\Nand bulletins and written materials.
Dialogue: 0,0:54:46.21,0:54:52.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that kind of thing. and it's certainly \Ngoing more high tech with short videos a
Dialogue: 0,0:54:52.51,0:54:58.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,nd websites and providing them tools\Nlike irrigation schedulers or nutrient
Dialogue: 0,0:54:58.35,0:55:04.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,management planners that they can use. \Nparticularly stuff that they can pull
Dialogue: 0,0:55:05.08,0:55:08.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,up on their smartphone when they \Nare up there on their tractor with their g
Dialogue: 0,0:55:08.60,0:55:11.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,uidance system taking them down the row.
Dialogue: 0,0:55:13.19,0:55:21.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Definitely, technology and I think the \Nother place, again, is getting to the
Dialogue: 0,0:55:21.90,0:55:23.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people that talk to them.
Dialogue: 0,0:55:23.44,0:55:28.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,getting to the local extension people, \Ngetting to NRCS, getting to
Dialogue: 0,0:55:28.61,0:55:29.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,certified crop advisers.
Dialogue: 0,0:55:30.79,0:55:36.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Fertilizer dealers, people who, input \Nsuppliers can reach so many more
Dialogue: 0,0:55:37.01,0:55:44.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,growers than we can. \NEmily: great thanks so much.
Dialogue: 0,0:55:45.35,0:55:50.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I believe that concludes the question \Npart and I will pass it over to Katelyn.
Dialogue: 0,0:55:51.34,0:55:55.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Kaitlyn: thank you to both of our \Npanelists. And Steve, thanks for
Dialogue: 0,0:55:55.52,0:56:01.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,taking over for Dejenette. We did record\Nthis webinar, so you all will receive an
Dialogue: 0,0:56:02.27,0:56:03.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,email with links to the recording.
Dialogue: 0,0:56:04.67,0:56:07.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or you can find it on either \Nof our websites.
Dialogue: 0,0:56:09.14,0:56:12.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We encourage you to take the next step\Nby connecting with the Colorado foundation
Dialogue: 0,0:56:12.86,0:56:15.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for water education and colorado \Nwater congress.
Dialogue: 0,0:56:15.77,0:56:18.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You should see our websites on \Nyour screen.
Dialogue: 0,0:56:20.19,0:56:22.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thanks to the presenters for their \Ntime as well as the audience for
Dialogue: 0,0:56:23.49,0:56:25.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,their participation and those \Nwonderful questions.
Dialogue: 0,0:56:26.48,0:56:29.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This concludes our webinar, thank you.