1
00:00:14,000 --> 00:00:15,000
謝謝

2
00:00:15,000 --> 00:00:16,000
基因革命

3
00:00:16,000 --> 00:00:18,000
我的時間

4
00:00:18,000 --> 00:00:22,000
天哪，秒針快飆

5
00:00:22,000 --> 00:00:22,000
歹勢，螢幕的東西我不熟悉。

6
00:00:22,000 --> 00:00:30,000
想想農業

7
00:00:30,000 --> 00:00:35,000
農民會遇到各種風險

8
00:00:35,000 --> 00:00:38,000
其中之一就是雜草

9
00:00:38,000 --> 00:00:43,000
雜草管理花最多時間

10
00:00:43,000 --> 00:00:50,000
至少已開發國農民是如此

11
00:00:50,000 --> 00:00:53,000
在企業化農業

12
00:00:53,000 --> 00:00:57,000
農業所用的農藥有80%

13
00:00:57,000 --> 00:00:59,000
都是除草劑

14
00:00:59,000 --> 00:01:03,000
你看雜草有多重要。

15
00:01:03,000 --> 00:01:08,000
想一下有家公司販賣

16
00:01:08,000 --> 00:01:10,000
神奇的除草劑年年春

17
00:01:10,000 --> 00:01:19,000
神奇的除草劑，(怎麼用?)

18
00:01:19,000 --> 00:01:21,000
(有了)

19
00:01:21,000 --> 00:01:23,000
神奇的除草劑有如水

20
00:01:23,000 --> 00:01:25,000
安全，無害

21
00:01:25,000 --> 00:01:27,000
不會影響環境

22
00:01:27,000 --> 00:01:29,000
對人類絕對安全

23
00:01:29,000 --> 00:01:33,000
對動物與土壤絕對安全

24
00:01:33,000 --> 00:01:36,000
不用再操煩雜草

25
00:01:36,000 --> 00:01:37,000
只管種農作物

26
00:01:37,000 --> 00:01:39,000
不用理會雜草

27
00:01:39,000 --> 00:01:40,000
只要你想

28
00:01:40,000 --> 00:01:41,000
隨時你要

29
00:01:41,000 --> 00:01:43,000
不論是園丁或農人

30
00:01:43,000 --> 00:01:47,000
只要噴那種水

31
00:01:47,000 --> 00:01:49,000
所有雜草全都不見

32
00:01:49,000 --> 00:01:52,000
園子的菜仍然好好地

33
00:01:52,000 --> 00:01:55,000
農作物仍健在；真神奇。

34
00:01:55,000 --> 00:02:03,000
那家公司又來了

35
00:02:03,000 --> 00:02:05,000
又研發神奇的殺蟲劑

36
00:02:05,000 --> 00:02:08,000
不用擔心害蟲

37
00:02:08,000 --> 00:02:11,000
農作物已經內建殺蟲劑

38
00:02:11,000 --> 00:02:17,000
甚至不用再噴施什麼。

39
00:02:17,000 --> 00:02:19,000
這兩種技術

40
00:02:19,000 --> 00:02:21,000
Ht 表示能忍受除草劑

41
00:02:21,000 --> 00:02:24,000
Bt 是細菌的名稱

42
00:02:24,000 --> 00:02:27,000
蘇力菌

43
00:02:27,000 --> 00:02:32,000
已經研發了25年

44
00:02:32,000 --> 00:02:36,000
已經完全佔領了農業

45
00:02:36,000 --> 00:02:39,000
圖案指出超過90%

46
00:02:39,000 --> 00:02:43,000
種在北美與世界其他

47
00:02:43,000 --> 00:02:45,000
國家的黃豆，都經轉殖

48
00:02:45,000 --> 00:02:48,000
可以忍受除草劑

49
00:02:48,000 --> 00:02:51,000
玉米超過80%都可忍受除草劑

50
00:02:51,000 --> 00:02:54,000
油菜籽、甜菜等

51
00:02:54,000 --> 00:02:58,000
大宗作物都已經基因改造

52
00:02:58,000 --> 00:03:01,000
可以忍受除草劑

53
00:03:01,000 --> 00:03:03,000
殺蟲基改作物約20%以上

54
00:03:03,000 --> 00:03:05,000
數量還算多。

55
00:03:05,000 --> 00:03:06,000
這有很大的意涵

56
00:03:06,000 --> 00:03:07,000
這是農業革命

57
00:03:07,000 --> 00:03:13,000
顯然所有農人都採用

58
00:03:13,000 --> 00:03:18,000
因為太神奇了

59
00:03:18,000 --> 00:03:21,000
讓他們的活動更簡單

60
00:03:21,000 --> 00:03:27,000
雜草不再是風險。

61
00:03:27,000 --> 00:03:31,000
25 年前我也參與其中

62
00:03:31,000 --> 00:03:36,000
那時這項技術很重要

63
00:03:36,000 --> 00:03:39,000
好像是綠色技術

64
00:03:39,000 --> 00:03:43,000
讓我們很神奇地做事

65
00:03:43,000 --> 00:03:46,000
讓植物能抗蟲、抗線蟲

66
00:03:46,000 --> 00:03:53,000
還可以作出很多有用的事情。

67
00:03:53,000 --> 00:03:57,000
同時，由於此技術有點綠色

68
00:03:57,000 --> 00:04:00,000
實質等同的概念

69
00:04:00,000 --> 00:04:02,000
就被提出

70
00:04:02,000 --> 00:04:06,000
基本上，此技術只是

71
00:04:06,000 --> 00:04:10,000
從生物體取出一個基因

72
00:04:10,000 --> 00:04:12,000
不論是由細菌或魚，任何都可以

73
00:04:12,000 --> 00:04:14,000
只用一個基因，一個DNA片段

74
00:04:14,000 --> 00:04:16,000
DNA 絕對是沒毒

75
00:04:16,000 --> 00:04:17,000
拿一片段 DNA，放到

76
00:04:17,000 --> 00:04:20,000
植物體中

77
00:04:20,000 --> 00:04:23,000
種了這作物，奇蹟就出現

78
00:04:23,000 --> 00:04:26,000
而且是實質等同。

79
00:04:26,000 --> 00:04:28,000
玉米作了基因轉殖

80
00:04:28,000 --> 00:04:30,000
僅表現出細菌的一個基因

81
00:04:30,000 --> 00:04:33,000
外表看起來、吃起來還是玉米

82
00:04:33,000 --> 00:04:34,000
沒什麼差別

83
00:04:34,000 --> 00:04:37,000
這就是實質等同

84
00:04:37,000 --> 00:04:38,000
因此基改作物只要

85
00:04:38,000 --> 00:04:39,000
註冊作商業生產，卻

86
00:04:39,000 --> 00:04:42,000
未真正的作過檢驗

87
00:04:42,000 --> 00:04:52,000
因為沒人認為有問題。

88
00:04:52,000 --> 00:04:55,000
但是10-15年來

89
00:04:55,000 --> 00:04:58,000
越來越多證據出現

90
00:04:58,000 --> 00:04:58,000
很快地出現

91
00:04:58,000 --> 00:05:01,000
最近這幾年

92
00:05:01,000 --> 00:05:02,000
出現了一些問題

93
00:05:02,000 --> 00:05:03,000
遇到了若干難題

94
00:05:03,000 --> 00:05:06,000
浮出了幾片黑雲

95
00:05:06,000 --> 00:05:08,000
其中之一是超級雜草

96
00:05:08,000 --> 00:05:10,000
可能大多人都已聽過

97
00:05:10,000 --> 00:05:12,000
超級雜草是一般的雜草

98
00:05:12,000 --> 00:05:14,000
看起來與正常者無異

99
00:05:14,000 --> 00:05:20,000
不是長出什麼怪獸

100
00:05:20,000 --> 00:05:25,000
不過會演化出抵抗

101
00:05:25,000 --> 00:05:27,000
Ht 的技術

102
00:05:27,000 --> 00:05:30,000
神奇的除草劑不再有用

103
00:05:30,000 --> 00:05:34,000
奇蹟消失了

104
00:05:34,000 --> 00:05:37,000
雜草可抗除草劑

105
00:05:37,000 --> 00:05:42,000
不過農民已放不開

106
00:05:42,000 --> 00:05:46,000
這不再有用的技術

107
00:05:46,000 --> 00:05:49,000
目前在北美已有38種

108
00:05:49,000 --> 00:05:51,000
有抗性的雜草

109
00:05:51,000 --> 00:05:54,000
美國已有一半耕地

110
00:05:54,000 --> 00:05:58,000
感染這類雜草

111
00:05:58,000 --> 00:06:00,000
奇蹟不再出現

112
00:06:00,000 --> 00:06:02,000
農民必需用手拔草

113
00:06:02,000 --> 00:06:05,000
或採用他種除草劑；等下再說。

114
00:06:05,000 --> 00:06:09,000
殺蟲作物也一樣

115
00:06:09,000 --> 00:06:11,000
奇蹟也不再有用

116
00:06:11,000 --> 00:06:15,000
害蟲產生抗性

117
00:06:15,000 --> 00:06:18,000
不如雜草的快，但也仍在發生

118
00:06:18,000 --> 00:06:21,000
生長得又很快

119
00:06:21,000 --> 00:06:23,000
加拿大卑詩省並沒有

120
00:06:23,000 --> 00:06:24,000
但已遍佈北美

121
00:06:24,000 --> 00:06:26,000
以及世界其他地方

122
00:06:26,000 --> 00:06:29,000
印度的基改棉

123
00:06:29,000 --> 00:06:31,000
是最先出現的。

124
00:06:31,000 --> 00:06:34,000
另一問題是污染

125
00:06:34,000 --> 00:06:38,000
污染環境

126
00:06:38,000 --> 00:06:43,000
基本上農業過去的習慣

127
00:06:43,000 --> 00:06:45,000
我是農人，你也是

128
00:06:45,000 --> 00:06:49,000
我的牛跑進你的田吃作物

129
00:06:49,000 --> 00:06:52,000
我要負責牽回牛

130
00:06:52,000 --> 00:06:55,000
並且關入圍籬

131
00:06:55,000 --> 00:06:57,000
不過現在已非如此

132
00:06:57,000 --> 00:06:59,000
我種基改玉米

133
00:06:59,000 --> 00:07:01,000
你是在種有機

134
00:07:01,000 --> 00:07:03,000
或是作慣行農法

135
00:07:03,000 --> 00:07:05,000
你的玉米田鄰近我的

136
00:07:05,000 --> 00:07:09,000
向你保證，基改花粉

137
00:07:09,000 --> 00:07:11,000
會飄入你的田

138
00:07:11,000 --> 00:07:13,000
污染你的作物

139
00:07:13,000 --> 00:07:15,000
問題發生了

140
00:07:15,000 --> 00:07:19,000
我們加拿大因此無法外銷亞麻

141
00:07:19,000 --> 00:07:22,000
我們的油菜籽也無法賣到

142
00:07:22,000 --> 00:07:26,000
歐盟，因為受到污染。

143
00:07:26,000 --> 00:07:28,000
還有若干問題是關於

144
00:07:28,000 --> 00:07:29,000
基因污染

145
00:07:29,000 --> 00:07:31,000
我稱之遺傳污染，沒見過

146
00:07:31,000 --> 00:07:36,000
有人這樣寫，但就是遺傳污染

147
00:07:36,000 --> 00:07:40,000
基本上轉基因，該基因

148
00:07:40,000 --> 00:07:42,000
轉殖進入作物，轉進植物

149
00:07:42,000 --> 00:07:44,000
基因是會移動的

150
00:07:44,000 --> 00:07:48,000
細菌間會相互轉基因

151
00:07:48,000 --> 00:07:50,000
稱為水平基因轉移

152
00:07:50,000 --> 00:07:53,000
基因垂直轉移的是性交

153
00:07:53,000 --> 00:07:56,000
你把基因傳給孩子

154
00:07:56,000 --> 00:07:59,000
水平基因轉移是你把基因

155
00:07:59,000 --> 00:08:02,000
傳給鄰座的人

156
00:08:02,000 --> 00:08:05,000
細菌一直在轉基因

157
00:08:05,000 --> 00:08:11,000
轉殖的基因很可能

158
00:08:11,000 --> 00:08:14,000
由作物掉到土壤

159
00:08:14,000 --> 00:08:16,000
進入細菌

160
00:08:16,000 --> 00:08:19,000
也有研究指出，你吃了

161
00:08:19,000 --> 00:08:22,000
基改玉米或黃豆

162
00:08:22,000 --> 00:08:25,000
轉基因可能出現在你

163
00:08:25,000 --> 00:08:29,000
(細菌的腸子) 腸內的細菌

164
00:08:29,000 --> 00:08:36,000
(對不起)

165
00:08:36,000 --> 00:08:36,000
中國有一項調查

166
00:08:36,000 --> 00:08:37,000
去年才發表

167
00:08:37,000 --> 00:08:45,000
中國人尋找能抵擋抗生素的

168
00:08:45,000 --> 00:08:48,000
細菌，在中國的河川找

169
00:08:48,000 --> 00:08:50,000
由6條河川取多個樣品

170
00:08:50,000 --> 00:08:53,000
發現能抵擋抗生素的細菌

171
00:08:53,000 --> 00:08:57,000
出現於每條取樣的河川

172
00:08:57,000 --> 00:08:59,000
對抗生素的抗性來自

173
00:08:59,000 --> 00:09:02,000
合成的基因，或是來自實驗室

174
00:09:02,000 --> 00:09:06,000
或是由當地基改作物而來

175
00:09:06,000 --> 00:09:07,000
不得而知

176
00:09:07,000 --> 00:09:10,000
但確實是可以抵擋抗生素

177
00:09:10,000 --> 00:09:14,000
醫界非常擔心

178
00:09:14,000 --> 00:09:16,000
我們也應該非常擔心

179
00:09:16,000 --> 00:09:18,000
抗生素可能會失效

180
00:09:18,000 --> 00:09:21,000
因為內建抗生素抗性

181
00:09:21,000 --> 00:09:23,000
於細菌族群內

182
00:09:23,000 --> 00:09:27,000
不只是集團畜養業要負責

183
00:09:27,000 --> 00:09:31,000
看起來基改作物

184
00:09:31,000 --> 00:09:34,000
也應負責。

185
00:09:34,000 --> 00:09:36,000
其他還有兩件

186
00:09:36,000 --> 00:09:41,000
兩件難事出現

187
00:09:41,000 --> 00:09:45,000
基改作物也含有過敏原

188
00:09:45,000 --> 00:09:47,000
與毒性蛋白質

189
00:09:47,000 --> 00:09:48,000
我就要針對這點

190
00:09:48,000 --> 00:09:50,000
講的更清楚一些，因為

191
00:09:50,000 --> 00:09:55,000
這真的要警覺。

192
00:09:55,000 --> 00:09:57,000
有一些研究已經做完

193
00:09:57,000 --> 00:10:06,000
過去20年，針對基因工程

194
00:10:06,000 --> 00:10:07,000
基本上有兩類研究

195
00:10:07,000 --> 00:10:10,000
有些研究是有付錢的

196
00:10:10,000 --> 00:10:14,000
生技公司用各種方法付錢

197
00:10:14,000 --> 00:10:16,000
直接或間接的研究計畫

198
00:10:16,000 --> 00:10:18,000
我不會講那麼白

199
00:10:18,000 --> 00:10:20,000
但一些教授所做的研究

200
00:10:20,000 --> 00:10:24,000
基本上是生技公司支持

201
00:10:24,000 --> 00:10:26,000
而另外一些研究

202
00:10:26,000 --> 00:10:29,000
大多在其他國家，在歐洲

203
00:10:29,000 --> 00:10:38,000
由外國機構、外國大學進行

204
00:10:38,000 --> 00:10:40,000
結果就是那麼明顯

205
00:10:40,000 --> 00:10:47,000
絕大多數的研究若是由生技

206
00:10:47,000 --> 00:10:50,000
企業支持，都會指出基改科技

207
00:10:50,000 --> 00:10:53,000
完全無害，非常安全

208
00:10:53,000 --> 00:10:59,000
他處所做另一類研究則大多數

209
00:10:59,000 --> 00:11:01,000
都指出有嚴重的問題，

210
00:11:01,000 --> 00:11:03,000
基改科技需要完全的檢討

211
00:11:03,000 --> 00:11:10,000
放到商品架之前要進行測試。

212
00:11:10,000 --> 00:11:14,000
在1996年美國有些科學家

213
00:11:14,000 --> 00:11:17,000
任職食品藥物管理局(FDA)

214
00:11:17,000 --> 00:11:20,000
1996年基改作物首度

215
00:11:20,000 --> 00:11:24,000
商業化，由孟山都推出

216
00:11:24,000 --> 00:11:28,000
FDA全體科學家都認為

217
00:11:28,000 --> 00:11:33,000
基改作物會，或可能會

218
00:11:33,000 --> 00:11:38,000
帶有過敏原、毒蛋白

219
00:11:38,000 --> 00:11:42,000
營養不足，或其他問題

220
00:11:42,000 --> 00:11:46,000
以上都有紀錄，有發表。

221
00:11:46,000 --> 00:11:49,000
2年後我到威斯康辛的艾廷柏

222
00:11:49,000 --> 00:11:51,000
參加線蟲學會議

223
00:11:51,000 --> 00:11:53,000
會議中有些爭論

224
00:11:53,000 --> 00:11:56,000
蘇格蘭有位科學家

225
00:11:56,000 --> 00:12:00,000
上電視。他做了毒性試驗

226
00:12:00,000 --> 00:12:07,000
他看到他的大鼠，他餵大鼠

227
00:12:07,000 --> 00:12:12,000
吃基改馬鈴薯，他已經進行

228
00:12:12,000 --> 00:12:14,000
好幾個月，幾個月後

229
00:12:14,000 --> 00:12:18,000
他觀察大鼠體內有何影響

230
00:12:18,000 --> 00:12:21,000
他發現了很驚人的結果

231
00:12:21,000 --> 00:12:25,000
他看到器官確實受損

232
00:12:25,000 --> 00:12:26,000
他看到腸子有傷害

233
00:12:26,000 --> 00:12:28,000
他看到腎臟、肝臟受損

234
00:12:28,000 --> 00:12:31,000
腦部與睾丸也一樣

235
00:12:31,000 --> 00:12:32,000
他嚇呆了

236
00:12:32,000 --> 00:12:35,000
他上電視向大家說明

237
00:12:35,000 --> 00:12:37,000
結果發生大醜聞。

238
00:12:37,000 --> 00:12:43,000
他因為「彌天大罪」付出高代價

239
00:12:43,000 --> 00:12:46,000
科學家被指不該談論其研究

240
00:12:46,000 --> 00:12:48,000
除非經審查且已發表之後

241
00:12:48,000 --> 00:12:54,000
隔天他就被革職

242
00:12:54,000 --> 00:12:55,000
政府雇用專家來處理，因為

243
00:12:55,000 --> 00:13:00,000
科學社群掀起大波瀾

244
00:13:00,000 --> 00:13:01,000
(老天，時間過得快)

245
00:13:01,000 --> 00:13:05,000
(要講快一點)

246
00:13:05,000 --> 00:13:08,000
有些醜聞

247
00:13:08,000 --> 00:13:12,000
有人指出他的研究有缺失

248
00:13:12,000 --> 00:13:14,000
他的報告被帶回

249
00:13:14,000 --> 00:13:14,000
他的實驗室被關掉

250
00:13:14,000 --> 00:13:19,000
他的報告被沒收

251
00:13:19,000 --> 00:13:23,000
他只好去發表研究結果

252
00:13:23,000 --> 00:13:24,000
他就是溥之泰博士

253
00:13:24,000 --> 00:13:26,000
任職蘇格蘭羅威研究所

254
00:13:26,000 --> 00:13:30,000
他把結果發表在世界最有名的

255
00:13:30,000 --> 00:13:34,000
醫學期刊 The Lancet (刺胳針)

256
00:13:34,000 --> 00:13:36,000
這是基改技術的第一個

257
00:13:36,000 --> 00:13:41,000
警訊，然後越來越多。

258
00:13:41,000 --> 00:13:46,000
十年前(2012)完成了人類

259
00:13:46,000 --> 00:13:50,000
基因組計劃

260
00:13:50,000 --> 00:13:53,000
基因組計劃指出人體

261
00:13:53,000 --> 00:13:57,000
的功能需要10萬種

262
00:13:57,000 --> 00:13:59,000
蛋白質

263
00:13:59,000 --> 00:14:03,000
基因組計劃很意外地

264
00:14:03,000 --> 00:14:05,000
指出我們的基因

265
00:14:05,000 --> 00:14:08,000
不到5千個

266
00:14:08,000 --> 00:14:13,000
一個基因不只指定一個蛋白質

267
00:14:13,000 --> 00:14:14,000
這表示其餘的DNA

268
00:14:14,000 --> 00:14:16,000
95% 的 DNA 並沒有指定

269
00:14:16,000 --> 00:14:21,000
調控的序列，要叫該基因

270
00:14:21,000 --> 00:14:23,000
作出什麼蛋白質

271
00:14:23,000 --> 00:14:27,000
我們不知這是怎樣辦到的

272
00:14:27,000 --> 00:14:32,000
一個基因可以做出幾個蛋白質

273
00:14:32,000 --> 00:14:33,000
常是因氣候而定

274
00:14:33,000 --> 00:14:35,000
或因環境、細胞而定

275
00:14:35,000 --> 00:14:37,000
我們真的不知道

276
00:14:37,000 --> 00:14:39,000
那是如何進行的

277
00:14:39,000 --> 00:14:42,000
我們知道的是基改作物

278
00:14:42,000 --> 00:14:46,000
會額外產生許多蛋白質

279
00:14:46,000 --> 00:14:49,000
我們也不知道那些是什麼

280
00:14:49,000 --> 00:14:51,000
那些都被生技公司、

281
00:14:51,000 --> 00:14:54,000
被政府與許多研究者

282
00:14:54,000 --> 00:14:57,000
認為只是背景雜訊

283
00:14:57,000 --> 00:15:00,000
事實上那些的確存在

284
00:15:00,000 --> 00:15:06,000
西方墨點就查得出來，蛋白質

285
00:15:06,000 --> 00:15:11,000
說是只做一個，但其實很多。

286
00:15:11,000 --> 00:15:14,000
FDA 的科學家、研究員

287
00:15:14,000 --> 00:15:15,000
在1996年時就

288
00:15:15,000 --> 00:15:16,000
預測會過敏

289
00:15:16,000 --> 00:15:18,000
其後許多的報告也

290
00:15:18,000 --> 00:15:22,000
指出有過敏，家鼠對Bt毒素

291
00:15:22,000 --> 00:15:26,000
會過敏，Bt玉米與大豆都會。

292
00:15:26,000 --> 00:15:34,000
研究者也指出基改作物

293
00:15:34,000 --> 00:15:36,000
對家鼠與大鼠都有毒性

294
00:15:36,000 --> 00:15:41,000
這都已發表了，許許多多

295
00:15:41,000 --> 00:15:43,000
的文章，經同儕審查過的

296
00:15:43,000 --> 00:15:47,000
很正經的報告

297
00:15:47,000 --> 00:15:57,000
器官受損。

298
00:15:57,000 --> 00:15:59,000
我不知將來農業會怎樣

299
00:15:59,000 --> 00:16:01,000
我不知將來基因如何

300
00:16:01,000 --> 00:16:04,000
演化，但我很關心

301
00:16:04,000 --> 00:16:07,000
所以我會在這裡。

302
00:16:07,000 --> 00:16:10,000
有件事情發生了，我講過

303
00:16:10,000 --> 00:16:15,000
超級雜草，但是化工公司

304
00:16:15,000 --> 00:16:18,000
生技公司過去也是化工公司

305
00:16:18,000 --> 00:16:21,000
化工公司對超級雜草的反應

306
00:16:21,000 --> 00:16:22,000
基本上只說，公司有你需要的

307
00:16:22,000 --> 00:16:29,000
另一種除草劑，不再用年年春

308
00:16:29,000 --> 00:16:35,000
可改用 2,4-D與汰克草

309
00:16:35,000 --> 00:16:37,000
給了我們另一個神奇除草劑

310
00:16:37,000 --> 00:16:40,000
可是它經過幾年會失效呢?

311
00:16:40,000 --> 00:16:42,000
此外，若干研究報告

312
00:16:42,000 --> 00:16:48,000
在這幾年登出，指出年年春

313
00:16:48,000 --> 00:16:52,000
的主要成分嘉磷賽

314
00:16:52,000 --> 00:16:54,000
真的不是水，不是沒毒性

315
00:16:54,000 --> 00:17:00,000
是暗藏危害。年年春會螯夾

316
00:17:00,000 --> 00:17:04,000
夾住金屬，但許多蛋白質

317
00:17:04,000 --> 00:17:06,000
需要金屬才有作用

318
00:17:06,000 --> 00:17:09,000
年年春把金屬拿掉

319
00:17:09,000 --> 00:17:12,000
蛋白質就喪失功能

320
00:17:12,000 --> 00:17:19,000
這個步驟緩慢且不易看出

321
00:17:19,000 --> 00:17:22,000
這就是今日所謂的基因改造。

322
00:17:22,000 --> 00:17:22,000
我不知將來會怎樣

323
00:17:22,000 --> 00:17:26,000
我的結論是將來

324
00:17:26,000 --> 00:17:32,000
農業是不必需要基因改造的

325
00:17:32,000 --> 00:17:32,000
謝謝各位。