[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.75,0:00:03.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm here today to show\Nmy photographs of the Lakota.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:04.40,0:00:06.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Many of you may have heard of the Lakota,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:06.58,0:00:08.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or at least the larger group of tribes,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:08.54,0:00:09.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,called the Sioux.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:10.67,0:00:13.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Lakota are one of many tribes\Nthat were moved off their land
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.83,0:00:15.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to prisoner-of-war camps,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.26,0:00:16.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,now called reservations.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.50,0:00:19.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Pine Ridge Reservation,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.61,0:00:21.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the subject of today's slide show,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.76,0:00:26.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is located about 75 miles southeast\Nof the Black Hills in South Dakota.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.09,0:00:31.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is sometimes referred to\Nas Prisoner of War Camp Number 334,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.04,0:00:33.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it is where the Lakota now live.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:33.19,0:00:35.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, if any of you have ever heard of AIM,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.40,0:00:37.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the American Indian Movement,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.34,0:00:39.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or of Russell Means,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.21,0:00:40.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or Leonard Peltier,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.62,0:00:43.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or of the standoff at Oglala,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.73,0:00:47.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then you know Pine Ridge is ground zero\Nfor Native issues in the US.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.26,0:00:51.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I've been asked to talk\Na little bit today
Dialogue: 0,0:00:51.44,0:00:53.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about my relationship with the Lakota,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.63,0:00:55.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that's a very difficult one for me,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.63,0:00:58.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because, if you haven't\Nnoticed from my skin color,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.11,0:00:59.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm white,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.53,0:01:02.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that is a huge barrier\Non a Native reservation.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.11,0:01:06.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You'll see a lot of people\Nin my photographs today.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.57,0:01:09.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've become very close with them,\Nand they've welcomed me like family.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.91,0:01:11.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They've called me "brother" and "uncle,"
Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.85,0:01:14.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and invited me again and again\Nover five years.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:14.18,0:01:15.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But on Pine Ridge,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.40,0:01:18.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I will always be what is called "wasichu."
Dialogue: 0,0:01:18.40,0:01:21.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Wasichu" is a Lakota word
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.59,0:01:23.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that means "non-Indian,"
Dialogue: 0,0:01:23.72,0:01:25.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but another version of this word
Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.82,0:01:29.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,means "the one who takes\Nthe best meat for himself."
Dialogue: 0,0:01:29.41,0:01:31.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that's what I want to focus on --
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.25,0:01:33.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the one who takes\Nthe best part of the meat.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:33.85,0:01:35.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It means "greedy."
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.06,0:01:38.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So take a look around\Nthis auditorium today.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.87,0:01:41.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are at a private school\Nin the American West,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.95,0:01:44.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sitting in red velvet chairs
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.40,0:01:45.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with money in our pockets.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.70,0:01:48.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if we look at our lives,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.47,0:01:51.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we have indeed taken\Nthe best part of the meat.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.34,0:01:55.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So let's look today\Nat a set of photographs
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.40,0:01:57.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of a people who lost
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.06,0:01:59.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that we could gain,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.06,0:02:01.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and know that when you see\Nthese people's faces,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.30,0:02:04.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that these are not just\Nimages of the Lakota;
Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.93,0:02:07.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they stand for all indigenous people.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.36,0:02:12.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On this piece of paper
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.04,0:02:15.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is the history the way I learned it\Nfrom my Lakota friends and family.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.62,0:02:21.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The following is a time line\Nof treaties made, treaties broken
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.91,0:02:24.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and massacres disguised as battles.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.67,0:02:26.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'll begin in 1824.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.90,0:02:29.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What is known as\Nthe Bureau of Indian Affairs
Dialogue: 0,0:02:29.04,0:02:30.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was created within the War Department,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.89,0:02:32.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,setting an early tone of aggression
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.60,0:02:34.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in our dealings with the Native Americans.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:34.67,0:02:36.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,1851:
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.24,0:02:38.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The first treaty of Fort Laramie was made,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.42,0:02:41.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,clearly marking the boundaries\Nof the Lakota Nation.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.76,0:02:44.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,According to the treaty,\Nthose lands are a sovereign nation.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.40,0:02:47.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If the boundaries\Nof this treaty had held --
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.52,0:02:50.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and there is a legal basis\Nthat they should --
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.17,0:02:52.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then this is what the US\Nwould look like today.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.76,0:02:56.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ten years later.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.32,0:03:00.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Homestead Act,\Nsigned by President Lincoln,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.07,0:03:02.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,unleashed a flood of white settlers\Ninto Native lands.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.34,0:03:05.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,1863:
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.05,0:03:07.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,An uprising of Santee Sioux in Minnesota
Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.57,0:03:10.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ends with the hanging of 38 Sioux men,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.50,0:03:13.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the largest mass execution in US history.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.04,0:03:16.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The execution was ordered\Nby President Lincoln,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.30,0:03:20.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,only two days after he signed\Nthe Emancipation Proclamation.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.57,0:03:26.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,1866: The beginning\Nof the Transcontinental Railroad --
Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.16,0:03:27.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a new era.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.76,0:03:29.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We appropriated land for trails and trains
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.98,0:03:32.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to shortcut through the heart\Nof the Lakota Nation.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.40,0:03:34.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The treaties were out the window.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:34.24,0:03:37.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In response, three tribes led\Nby the Lakota chief Red Cloud
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.73,0:03:39.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,attacked and defeated the US army,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:39.46,0:03:40.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,many times over.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.68,0:03:42.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I want to repeat that part:
Dialogue: 0,0:03:42.03,0:03:44.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Lakota defeat the US army.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:45.77,0:03:49.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,1868: The second Fort Laramie Treaty\Nclearly guarantees
Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.64,0:03:51.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the sovereignty of the Great Sioux Nation
Dialogue: 0,0:03:51.68,0:03:54.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the Lakotas' ownership\Nof the sacred Black Hills.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:54.83,0:03:57.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The government also promises\Nland and hunting rights
Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.31,0:03:58.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the surrounding states.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:58.66,0:04:00.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We promise that the Powder River country
Dialogue: 0,0:04:00.74,0:04:02.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will henceforth be closed to all whites.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.50,0:04:05.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The treaty seemed to be a complete victory
Dialogue: 0,0:04:05.58,0:04:07.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for Red Cloud and the Sioux.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.07,0:04:09.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, this is the only war\Nin American history
Dialogue: 0,0:04:10.81,0:04:13.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in which the government negotiated a peace
Dialogue: 0,0:04:13.07,0:04:15.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by conceding everything\Ndemanded by the enemy.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.75,0:04:22.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,1869: The Transcontinental\NRailroad was completed.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.52,0:04:25.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It began carrying, among other things,\Nlarge numbers of hunters,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:25.93,0:04:28.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who began the wholesale\Nkilling of buffalo,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:28.30,0:04:31.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,eliminating a source of food,\Nclothing and shelter for the Sioux.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:31.88,0:04:33.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,1871:
Dialogue: 0,0:04:33.68,0:04:35.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Indian Appropriation Act
Dialogue: 0,0:04:35.36,0:04:37.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,makes all Indians\Nwards of the federal government.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.30,0:04:40.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In addition, the military issued orders
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.47,0:04:43.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,forbidding western Indians\Nfrom leaving reservations.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:44.15,0:04:48.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All western Indians at that point in time\Nwere now prisoners of war.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:48.90,0:04:50.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Also in 1871,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:50.37,0:04:52.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we ended the time of treaty-making.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:52.38,0:04:56.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The problem with treaties is they allow\Ntribes to exist as sovereign nations,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.09,0:04:57.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we can't have that.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:57.28,0:04:58.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We had plans.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:59.55,0:05:00.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,1874:
Dialogue: 0,0:05:00.80,0:05:04.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,General George Custer announced\Nthe discovery of gold in Lakota territory,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:04.38,0:05:06.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,specifically the Black Hills.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:06.09,0:05:08.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The news of gold creates\Na massive influx of white settlers
Dialogue: 0,0:05:08.92,0:05:10.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into Lakota Nation.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:10.71,0:05:12.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Custer recommends that Congress find a way
Dialogue: 0,0:05:12.77,0:05:15.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to end the treaties with the Lakota\Nas soon as possible.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:16.05,0:05:19.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,1875: The Lakota war begins
Dialogue: 0,0:05:19.10,0:05:21.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,over the violation\Nof the Fort Laramie Treaty.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:22.55,0:05:23.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,1876:
Dialogue: 0,0:05:24.32,0:05:25.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On July 26th,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:26.00,0:05:28.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on its way to attack a Lakota village,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:28.25,0:05:30.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Custer's 7th Cavalry was crushed
Dialogue: 0,0:05:30.34,0:05:31.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at the battle of Little Big Horn.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:32.75,0:05:33.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,1877:
Dialogue: 0,0:05:34.58,0:05:37.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The great Lakota warrior\Nand chief named Crazy Horse
Dialogue: 0,0:05:37.65,0:05:39.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,surrendered at Fort Robinson.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:39.84,0:05:41.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He was later killed while in custody.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:45.94,0:05:50.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,1877 is also the year we found a way\Nto get around the Fort Laramie Treaties.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:50.65,0:05:53.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A new agreement was presented\Nto Sioux chiefs and their leading men,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:53.96,0:05:56.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,under a campaign known\Nas "Sell or Starve" --
Dialogue: 0,0:05:56.40,0:05:58.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sign the paper, or no food for your tribe.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:59.16,0:06:01.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Only 10 percent of the adult\Nmale population signed.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:02.59,0:06:06.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Fort Laramie Treaty called\Nfor at least three-quarters of the tribe
Dialogue: 0,0:06:06.33,0:06:07.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to sign away land.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:08.25,0:06:10.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That clause was obviously ignored.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:10.71,0:06:13.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,1887: The Dawes Act.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:13.81,0:06:16.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Communal ownership\Nof reservation lands ends.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:16.40,0:06:19.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Reservations are cut up\Ninto 160-acre sections,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:19.52,0:06:21.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and distributed to individual Indians
Dialogue: 0,0:06:21.52,0:06:23.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the surplus disposed of.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:23.40,0:06:25.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Tribes lost millions of acres.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:26.32,0:06:28.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The American dream\Nof individual land ownership
Dialogue: 0,0:06:28.59,0:06:30.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,turned out to be a very clever way
Dialogue: 0,0:06:30.61,0:06:33.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to divide the reservation\Nuntil nothing was left.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:34.04,0:06:35.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The move destroyed the reservations,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:35.91,0:06:38.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,making it easier\Nto further subdivide and to sell
Dialogue: 0,0:06:38.88,0:06:40.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with every passing generation.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:41.16,0:06:42.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Most of the surplus land
Dialogue: 0,0:06:42.89,0:06:45.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and many of the plots\Nwithin reservation boundaries
Dialogue: 0,0:06:45.55,0:06:47.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are now in the hands of white ranchers.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:48.03,0:06:51.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Once again, the fat of the land\Ngoes to wasichu.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:52.16,0:06:56.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,1890: A date I believe to be\Nthe most important in this slide show.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:57.17,0:06:59.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is the year\Nof the Wounded Knee Massacre.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:00.24,0:07:01.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On December 29,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:01.68,0:07:04.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,US troops surrounded a Sioux\Nencampment at Wounded Knee Creek,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:04.89,0:07:08.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and massacred Chief Big Foot\Nand 300 prisoners of war,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:08.96,0:07:12.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,using a new rapid-fire weapon\Nthat fired exploding shells,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:12.49,0:07:13.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,called a Hotchkiss gun.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:14.55,0:07:16.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For this so-called "battle,"
Dialogue: 0,0:07:16.15,0:07:19.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,20 Congressional Medals of Honor for Valor
Dialogue: 0,0:07:19.18,0:07:21.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were given to the 7th Cavalry.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:22.40,0:07:23.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To this day,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:25.00,0:07:29.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this is the most Medals of Honor\Never awarded for a single battle.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:30.02,0:07:31.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,More Medals of Honor were given
Dialogue: 0,0:07:31.66,0:07:34.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for the indiscriminate slaughter\Nof women and children
Dialogue: 0,0:07:34.22,0:07:37.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than for any battle in World War One,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:37.11,0:07:38.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,World War Two,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:38.48,0:07:40.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Korea, Vietnam,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:40.81,0:07:42.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Iraq or Afghanistan.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:44.81,0:07:48.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Wounded Knee Massacre\Nis considered the end of the Indian wars.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:49.84,0:07:53.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Whenever I visit the site\Nof the mass grave at Wounded Knee,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:53.33,0:07:57.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I see it not just as a grave\Nfor the Lakota or for the Sioux,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:57.75,0:08:00.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but as a grave for all indigenous peoples.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:03.23,0:08:05.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The holy man Black Elk, said,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:05.79,0:08:08.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I did not know then how much was ended.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:09.74,0:08:13.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When I look back now\Nfrom this high hill of my old age,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:13.18,0:08:15.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I can still see\Nthe butchered women and children
Dialogue: 0,0:08:15.78,0:08:19.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,lying heaped and scattered\Nall along the crooked gulch,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:23.75,0:08:25.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as plain as when I saw them
Dialogue: 0,0:08:25.71,0:08:27.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with eyes still young.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:31.00,0:08:34.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I can see that something else\Ndied there in the bloody mud
Dialogue: 0,0:08:35.98,0:08:37.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and was buried in the blizzard.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:39.38,0:08:41.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A people's dream died there.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:42.52,0:08:44.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it was a beautiful dream."
Dialogue: 0,0:08:47.08,0:08:48.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,With this event,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:48.56,0:08:51.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a new era in Native American\Nhistory began.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:52.40,0:08:57.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Everything can be measured\Nbefore Wounded Knee and after,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:57.40,0:08:59.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it was in this moment,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:59.19,0:09:02.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the fingers on the triggers\Nof the Hotchkiss guns,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:02.50,0:09:06.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the US government openly\Ndeclared its position on Native rights.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:06.86,0:09:08.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They were tired of treaties.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:08.80,0:09:10.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They were tired of sacred hills.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:10.79,0:09:12.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They were tired of ghost dances.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:13.68,0:09:16.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they were tired of all\Nthe inconveniences of the Sioux.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:17.30,0:09:18.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So they brought out their cannons.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:20.71,0:09:23.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"You want to be an Indian now?" they said,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:23.06,0:09:24.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,finger on the trigger.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:30.56,0:09:31.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,1900:
Dialogue: 0,0:09:32.55,0:09:36.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the US Indian population\Nreached its low point --
Dialogue: 0,0:09:36.04,0:09:38.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,less than 250,000,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:38.60,0:09:42.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,compared to an estimated\Neight million in 1492.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:44.50,0:09:45.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Fast-forward.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:46.40,0:09:47.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,1980:
Dialogue: 0,0:09:48.23,0:09:50.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The longest-running\Ncourt case in US history,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:50.96,0:09:53.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Sioux Nation versus the United States,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:53.56,0:09:56.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was ruled upon by the US Supreme Court.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:57.27,0:10:00.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The court determined that when the Sioux\Nwere resettled onto reservations
Dialogue: 0,0:10:00.82,0:10:03.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and seven million acres\Nof their land were opened up
Dialogue: 0,0:10:03.93,0:10:05.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to prospectors and homesteaders,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:06.00,0:10:08.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the terms of the second\NFort Laramie Treaty
Dialogue: 0,0:10:08.59,0:10:09.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,had been violated.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:10.53,0:10:14.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The court stated that the Black Hills\Nwere illegally taken,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:14.30,0:10:16.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that the initial\Noffering price, plus interest,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:16.94,0:10:18.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,should be paid to the Sioux Nation.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:19.30,0:10:20.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As payment for the Black Hills,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:20.88,0:10:25.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the court awarded only 106 million dollars\Nto the Sioux Nation.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:25.33,0:10:28.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Sioux refused the money\Nwith the rallying cry,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:28.40,0:10:30.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"The Black Hills are not for sale."
Dialogue: 0,0:10:31.63,0:10:32.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,2010:
Dialogue: 0,0:10:33.33,0:10:36.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Statistics about Native population today,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:36.14,0:10:39.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,more than a century\Nafter the massacre at Wounded Knee,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:39.40,0:10:41.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,reveal the legacy of colonization,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:42.01,0:10:43.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,forced migration
Dialogue: 0,0:10:43.30,0:10:44.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and treaty violations.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:45.90,0:10:48.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Unemployment on the Pine Ridge\NIndian Reservation
Dialogue: 0,0:10:48.35,0:10:50.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,fluctuates between 85 and 90 percent.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:51.69,0:10:54.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The housing office is unable\Nto build new structures,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:54.56,0:10:56.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and existing structures are falling apart.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:57.03,0:10:58.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Many are homeless,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:58.22,0:11:00.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and those with homes\Nare packed into rotting buildings
Dialogue: 0,0:11:00.81,0:11:02.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with up to five families.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:02.60,0:11:04.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thirty-nine percent of homes on Pine Ridge
Dialogue: 0,0:11:04.83,0:11:06.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have no electricity.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:06.52,0:11:09.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At least 60 percent\Nof the homes on the reservation
Dialogue: 0,0:11:09.22,0:11:11.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are infested with black mold.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:11.74,0:11:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,More than 90 percent of the population\Nlives below the federal poverty line.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:16.81,0:11:18.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The tuberculosis rate on Pine Ridge
Dialogue: 0,0:11:18.100,0:11:22.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is approximately eight times higher\Nthan the US national average.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:22.62,0:11:25.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The infant mortality rate\Nis the highest on this continent,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:25.87,0:11:29.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and is about three times higher\Nthan the US national average.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:29.20,0:11:31.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Cervical cancer is five times higher
Dialogue: 0,0:11:31.62,0:11:33.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than the US national average.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:33.46,0:11:36.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The school dropout rate\Nis up to 70 percent.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:36.80,0:11:40.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Teacher turnover is eight times higher\Nthan the US national average.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:41.40,0:11:44.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Frequently, grandparents\Nare raising their grandchildren
Dialogue: 0,0:11:44.79,0:11:47.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because parents, due to alcoholism,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:47.14,0:11:49.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,domestic violence and general apathy,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:49.88,0:11:51.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,cannot raise them.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:52.08,0:11:55.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Fifty percent of the population\Nover the age of 40
Dialogue: 0,0:11:55.18,0:11:56.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,suffers from diabetes.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:57.63,0:12:03.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The life expectancy for men\Nis between 46 and 48 years old --
Dialogue: 0,0:12:04.26,0:12:08.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,roughly the same\Nas in Afghanistan and Somalia.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:10.14,0:12:13.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The last chapter\Nin any successful genocide
Dialogue: 0,0:12:13.70,0:12:15.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is the one in which the oppressor
Dialogue: 0,0:12:15.70,0:12:18.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can remove their hands and say,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:18.27,0:12:21.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"My god -- what are these people\Ndoing to themselves?
Dialogue: 0,0:12:21.75,0:12:23.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're killing each other.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:23.47,0:12:25.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're killing themselves
Dialogue: 0,0:12:25.40,0:12:27.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,while we watch them die."
Dialogue: 0,0:12:28.24,0:12:31.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is how we came to own\Nthese United States.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:31.70,0:12:32.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is the legacy
Dialogue: 0,0:12:33.02,0:12:34.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of Manifest Destiny.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:35.45,0:12:39.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Prisoners are still born\Ninto prisoner of war camps,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:39.70,0:12:41.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,long after the guards are gone.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:44.45,0:12:49.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These are the bones\Nleft after the best meat has been taken.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:51.89,0:12:53.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A long time ago,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:53.23,0:12:55.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a series of events was set in motion
Dialogue: 0,0:12:55.23,0:12:58.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by a people who look like me, by wasichu,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:58.76,0:13:02.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,eager to take the land and the water\Nand the gold in the hills.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:03.20,0:13:06.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Those events led to a domino effect\Nthat has yet to end.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:07.33,0:13:10.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As removed as we,\Nthe dominant society, may feel
Dialogue: 0,0:13:12.15,0:13:14.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from a massacre in 1890,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:14.77,0:13:18.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or a series of broken\Ntreaties 150 years ago,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:18.97,0:13:21.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I still have to ask you the question:
Dialogue: 0,0:13:22.08,0:13:24.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How should you feel\Nabout the statistics of today?
Dialogue: 0,0:13:25.88,0:13:29.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What is the connection\Nbetween these images of suffering
Dialogue: 0,0:13:29.07,0:13:31.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the history that I just read to you?
Dialogue: 0,0:13:31.93,0:13:34.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And how much of this history\Ndo you need to own, even?
Dialogue: 0,0:13:35.48,0:13:37.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Is any of this your responsibility today?
Dialogue: 0,0:13:39.27,0:13:41.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I have been told that there must be\Nsomething we can do.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:41.99,0:13:44.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There must be some call to action.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:45.70,0:13:48.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because for so long,\NI've been standing on the sidelines,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:49.21,0:13:50.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,content to be a witness,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:50.86,0:13:52.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just taking photographs.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:53.66,0:13:56.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because the solutions\Nseem so far in the past,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:56.28,0:13:59.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I needed nothing short\Nof a time machine to access them.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:00.68,0:14:05.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The suffering of indigenous peoples\Nis not a simple issue to fix.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:06.64,0:14:08.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's not something everyone can get behind
Dialogue: 0,0:14:08.68,0:14:10.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the way they get behind helping Haiti,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:10.55,0:14:12.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or ending AIDS, or fighting a famine.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:13.74,0:14:15.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The "fix," as it's called,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:15.73,0:14:18.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,may be much more difficult\Nfor the dominant society
Dialogue: 0,0:14:18.40,0:14:20.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than, say, a $50 check
Dialogue: 0,0:14:20.72,0:14:24.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or a church trip to paint\Nsome graffiti-covered houses,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:24.04,0:14:25.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or a suburban family
Dialogue: 0,0:14:25.68,0:14:28.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,donating a box of clothes\Nthey don't even want anymore.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:29.30,0:14:30.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So where does that leave us?
Dialogue: 0,0:14:31.18,0:14:33.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Shrugging our shoulders in the dark?
Dialogue: 0,0:14:35.01,0:14:39.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The United States continues\Non a daily basis to violate the terms
Dialogue: 0,0:14:39.71,0:14:44.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the 1851 and 1868\NFort Laramie Treaties with the Lakota.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:44.72,0:14:47.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The call to action I offer today --
Dialogue: 0,0:14:47.89,0:14:49.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,my TED wish -- is this:
Dialogue: 0,0:14:51.35,0:14:52.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Honor the treaties.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:53.22,0:14:54.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Give back the Black Hills.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:55.32,0:14:57.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's not your business\Nwhat they do with them.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:59.90,0:15:06.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)