[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:02.42,0:00:08.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Internet: IP Manzillar va DNS
Dialogue: 0,0:00:10.19,0:00:13.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Salom! Mening ismim Paola, men Microsoftda\Ndasturiy ta'minot injeneriman.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.94,0:00:20.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Keling, Internet qanday ishlashi haqida gaplashamiz. \NMen internet tarmoqlarining o'zaro aloqa o'rnatishi 
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.13,0:00:26.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,bilan shug'ullanaman, lekin 1970-yillarda \Nbuni amalga oshirish uchun aynan standart usul yo'q edi.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.49,0:00:32.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Vint Serf va Bob Kan kommunikatsiya imkonini beradigan\Ntarmoqlararo ishlaydigan protokolni
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.67,0:00:38.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ixtiro qilishadi. Ushbu ixtiro tufayli\Nhozirda biz {\i1}Internet{\i0} deb ataydigan narsaga
Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.56,0:00:44.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,asos yaratildi. Internet bu tarmoqlarning tarmog'idir.\NU dunyo bo'ylab milliardlab qurilmalarni
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.47,0:00:51.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,bog'laydi. Siz noutbuk yoki \Ntelefon orqali Wifiga ulangan bo'lishingiz mumkin,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:51.23,0:00:56.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so'ng Wifi Internet provayderi (yoki\NInternet xizmatlari provayderi) ga ulanadi va
Dialogue: 0,0:00:56.100,0:01:01.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sizni dunyo bo'ylab yuzlab qurilmalar orqali\No'zaro bog'langan milliardlab
Dialogue: 0,0:01:01.60,0:01:09.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,qurilmalarga ulaydi. Ko'pchilik\Nchuqur anglamaydigan oddiy narsa shundaki,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.27,0:01:15.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Internet haqiqatan ham dizayn falsafasi va\Nprotokollarga asoslangan arxitekturadan iborat.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.64,0:01:20.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Protokol - bu agar barcha tomonlar ulardan\Nfoydalanishga rozi bo'lsa, ularga o'zaro uzluksiz aloqa
Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.30,0:01:26.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,o'rnatishga imkon beradigan  ma'lum qoidalar va standartlar to'plamidir. Internetning dizayn falsafasi tarmoqga yangi 
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.30,0:01:31.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,kommunikatsiya texnologiyalarini moslashtirish\Nva o'zlashtirishga imkon berganligi 
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.91,0:01:37.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sababli jismoniy jihatdan qanday ishlashi unchalik\Nmuhim emas. Chunki yangi texnologiya Internetdan
Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.71,0:01:42.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,qandaydir tarzda foydalanish uchun faqat protokollar bilan
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.61,0:01:49.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ishlashni bilishi kerak. Internetdagi barcha\Nturli xil qurilmalar takrorlanmas manzilga ega. Internet manzili -
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.14,0:01:54.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,shunchaki  telefonning raqamiga o'xshash\Nyoki biron bir ko'cha manziliga o'xshash raqamlardir,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.35,0:02:00.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,bu tarmoqdagi har bir kompyuter yoki \Nqurilmaga xosdir. Bu xuddi
Dialogue: 0,0:02:00.17,0:02:04.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,uy va ofis pochta xizmatiga o'xshaydi. \NUnga xatni pochta orqali yuboradigan odam kimligini bilishingiz shart emas,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.69,0:02:09.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,lekin siz uning manzilini qanday qilib to'g'ri yozishni\Nbilishingiz kerak,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:09.11,0:02:14.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,shunda xat pochta tizimi tomonidan kerakli\Nmanzilga yetkazilishi mumkin.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.19,0:02:19.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Internetdagi kompyuterlarga murojaat qilish tizimi
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.87,0:02:25.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Internet-aloqada ishlatiladigan eng muhim protokollardan\Nbiri bo'lib, Internet Protokoli yoki
Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.34,0:02:31.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,IP deb nomlanadi. Shuning uchun kompyuterning manzilini \NIP-manzili deb ataymiz. Veb-saytga kirishni shunchaki
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.90,0:02:36.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sizning kompyuteringiz, boshqa kompyuterdan ma'lumot \Nso'rashidek tushunsa bo'ladi. Sizning kompyuteringiz
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.62,0:02:41.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,boshqa kompyuterning IP-manziliga xabar\Nva shuningdek, haqiqiy manzilini yuboradi, shunda
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.28,0:02:48.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,boshqa kompyuter qayerga javob yuborishini biladi.\NSiz IP-manzilini bilsangiz kerak. Bu shunchaki
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.45,0:02:54.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,raqamlar to'plamidir! Bu raqamlar ierarxiyada\Ntartiblangan. Uy manzilida
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.91,0:03:02.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,mamlakat, shahar, ko'chalar, va uy raqamlari\Nbo'lgani kabi, IP-manzilida ham ko'p qismlar mavjud. Barcha raqamlar
Dialogue: 0,0:03:02.27,0:03:09.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ma'lumotlar singari, har biri bit bilan\Nifodalanadi. An'anaviy IP-manzillar
Dialogue: 0,0:03:09.52,0:03:16.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,32-bit uzunlikda, manzilning har biri qismi uchun 8 bit bo'ladi.\NOldingi raqamlar odatda
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.47,0:03:22.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,qurilmaning mamlakat va mintaqaviy tarmog'ini aniqlaydi. Keyin\Nquyi tarmoqlar, so'ngra
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.47,0:03:30.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ma'lum bir qurilmaning manzili keladi. IP manzillashtirishning ushbu\Nversiyasi IPv4 deb nomlanadi. U 1973-yilda ishlab chiqilgan
Dialogue: 0,0:03:30.47,0:03:36.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,va 80-yillarning boshlarida keng tarqalib,\N4 milliarddan ortiq unikal manzilli 
Dialogue: 0,0:03:36.05,0:03:41.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,qurilmalarning Internetga ulanishini ta'minlaydi.\NAmmo Interner Vint Serf
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.42,0:03:47.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,kutganidan ham ko'ra ancha mashhur bo'ldi\Nva 4 milliard noyob
Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.34,0:03:53.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,manzillar yetarli bo'lmadi. Hozirda biz ko'p \Nyillik IPv6 formatiga
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.26,0:04:03.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,o'tishni boshladik, u har bir manzili uchun\N128 bitdan foydalanadi va 340 milliarddam ortiq noyob
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.66,0:04:08.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,manzillarni taqdim etadi. Bu xuddi mana bu qumlardan\Nhar bir qum donasining o'z
Dialogue: 0,0:04:08.78,0:04:15.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,IP-manziliga ega bo'lishi uchun yetarli deganidir. Aksariyat foydalanuvchilar hech qachon IP manzillarini ko'rishmaydi va ularga ahamiyat berishmaydi. 
Dialogue: 0,0:04:15.74,0:04:23.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Domen nom tizimi yoki DNS www.example.com \Nkabi nomlarni tegishli IP manzillar bilan 
Dialogue: 0,0:04:23.41,0:04:29.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,bog'laydi. Sizning kompyuteringiz DNS-dan \Ndomen nomlarini qidirishi va IP-manzilini olish uchun foydalanadi,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.16,0:04:33.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,bu sizning kompyuteringizni Internetdagi manziliga ulash\Nuchun ishlatadi. Va
Dialogue: 0,0:04:33.29,0:04:38.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,quyidagiga o'xshash narsa sodir bo'ladi: (ovoz\N1) "Salom, men  www.code.org saytiga kirmoqchiman."
Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.05,0:04:49.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(ovoz 2) "Mm.. ha, men ushbu domen uchun IP-manzilini\Nbilmayman. Hoy siz
Dialogue: 0,0:04:49.90,0:04:59.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,code.org? qanday kirishni bilasizmi" (ovoz 3)\N"Ha, Men mana bunday kiriladi 174.129.14.120."
Dialogue: 0,0:04:59.10,0:05:04.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(ovoz 2) "Yaxshi, ajoyib, rahmat. Men buni yozib, keyinroq\Nsaqlab qo'yaman.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:04.50,0:05:14.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Men bunga yana muhtoj bo'laman. Hoy mana\Nsiz xohlagan manzil." (ovoz 1) "Ajoyib! Rahmat." Qanday qilib
Dialogue: 0,0:05:14.04,0:05:20.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,milliardlab qurilmalar uchun turli xil\Nveb-saytlarni qidirib
Dialogue: 0,0:05:20.12,0:05:27.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,topish tizimini yaratilgan? Bitta DNS-server\Nbarcha qurilmaning so'rovlarini bajara olishining imkoni yo'q.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:27.89,0:05:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Javob: DNS serverlari ma'lum ierarxiyada bog'langan\Nva zonalarga bo'linib
Dialogue: 0,0:05:33.00,0:05:40.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,.org, .com, .net, va boshqalar kabi yirik domenlar\Nuchun javobgarlikni
Dialogue: 0,0:05:40.70,0:05:48.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,o'zaro bog'lashadi. Dastlab DNS hukumat va ta'lim \Nmuassasalari uchun ochiq,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:48.03,0:05:55.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ommaviy aloqa protokoli sifatida yaratilgan. Ochiqligi tufayli \NDNS kiberhujumlarga qarshi himoyasiz hisoblanadi.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:55.37,0:06:02.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hujum namunasi DNS ni soxtalashtirilishi.\NHaker DNS-serverga ulanishi va noto'g'ri
Dialogue: 0,0:06:02.54,0:06:09.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,IP-manzil bilan domen nomiga mos ravishda\No'zgartirishi mumkin. Bu esa odamlarni
Dialogue: 0,0:06:09.48,0:06:15.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,yolg'on veb-saytiga o'tkazib yuborishga sharoit beradi.\NAgar bu sizda ham sodir bo'lsa, siz ko'p soxta veb-saytlardan
Dialogue: 0,0:06:15.74,0:06:23.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,xuddi haqiqiy sayt kabi foydalanayotgningiz uchun\Nko'p muammolarga duch kelasiz. Internet har kuni yangilanib,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:23.87,0:06:30.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,kattalashib bormoqda. Ammo domen nomlar tizimi va \NInternet protokoli qanchalik tez o'smasin,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:30.79,0:06:35.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ularning soni chegaralangan.