0:00:28.628,0:00:33.525 October 16, 1993, 0:00:33.549,0:00:35.452 1:17am. 0:00:35.476,0:00:38.536 The phone rang at my parents' home. 0:00:38.560,0:00:40.631 I answered on the second ring. 0:00:40.655,0:00:42.989 I pretty much knew who was calling. 0:00:43.320,0:00:46.986 The voice on the other end[br]spoke for maybe 10 seconds. 0:00:47.991,0:00:49.724 My reply was even shorter. 0:00:50.757,0:00:52.157 "Do not resuscitate." 0:00:53.086,0:00:55.819 I was 18 years old when I lost my father. 0:00:59.696,0:01:01.373 Several years later, 0:01:01.397,0:01:03.652 I was reading the book by Ernest Becker, 0:01:03.676,0:01:05.024 "The Denial of Death." 0:01:05.048,0:01:07.349 He won the Pulitzer prize for it in 1972. 0:01:07.927,0:01:10.838 And I'll paraphrase an entire book[br]in three sentences. 0:01:11.326,0:01:14.409 Man is the only sentient species, 0:01:14.433,0:01:17.674 who, at a very early point in his life, 0:01:17.698,0:01:20.192 knows that he will cease to exist, 0:01:21.041,0:01:26.672 and that he does everything he can[br]to run, shield and hide himself 0:01:26.696,0:01:28.496 from that inevitable truth. 0:01:30.324,0:01:33.623 And so, now you know[br]how I became a futurist. 0:01:34.814,0:01:35.964 That was my running. 0:01:37.620,0:01:40.996 So I've been "futuring,"[br]which is a term I made up -- 0:01:41.020,0:01:42.276 (Laughter) 0:01:42.300,0:01:43.516 about three seconds ago. 0:01:43.540,0:01:46.356 I've been futuring for about 20 years, 0:01:46.380,0:01:49.716 and when I first started,[br]I would sit down with people, 0:01:49.740,0:01:52.636 and say, "Hey,[br]let's talk 10, 20 years out." 0:01:52.660,0:01:54.281 And they'd say, "Great." 0:01:54.760,0:01:57.256 And I've been seeing that time horizon 0:01:57.280,0:01:59.336 get shorter and shorter 0:01:59.360,0:02:00.976 and shorter, 0:02:01.000,0:02:04.376 so much so that I met[br]with a CEO two months ago 0:02:04.400,0:02:06.776 and I said -- we started[br]our initial conversation. 0:02:06.800,0:02:10.536 He goes, "I love what you do.[br]I want to talk about the next six months." 0:02:10.560,0:02:12.160 (Laughter) 0:02:13.160,0:02:16.296 We have a lot of problems[br]that we are facing. 0:02:16.320,0:02:19.040 These are civilizational-scale problems. 0:02:20.840,0:02:22.896 The issue though is, 0:02:22.920,0:02:24.616 we can't solve them 0:02:24.640,0:02:27.216 using the mental models[br]that we use right now 0:02:27.240,0:02:28.816 to try and solve these problems. 0:02:28.840,0:02:31.796 Yes, a lot of great[br]technical work is being done, 0:02:31.820,0:02:37.196 but there is a problem that[br]we need to solve for a priori, before, 0:02:37.220,0:02:40.020 if we want to really[br]move the needle on those big problems. 0:02:41.880,0:02:43.616 "Short-termism." 0:02:43.640,0:02:46.096 Right? There's no marches.[br]There's no bracelets. 0:02:46.120,0:02:49.976 There's no petitions that you can sign[br]to be against short-termism. 0:02:51.000,0:02:53.816 I tried to put one up, and no one signed. 0:02:53.840,0:02:55.236 It was weird. 0:02:57.000,0:03:00.137 But it prevents us from doing so much. 0:03:00.161,0:03:02.575 And, by the way, this is on policy, 0:03:02.599,0:03:05.456 this is at home,[br]this is on the major issues. 0:03:05.480,0:03:08.176 Short-termism, for many reasons, 0:03:08.200,0:03:10.872 has pervaded every[br]nook and cranny of our reality, 0:03:10.896,0:03:13.442 yet it's something[br]that we don't actually talk about, 0:03:13.466,0:03:15.427 but it prevents us from doing so much. 0:03:16.920,0:03:18.496 I just want you to take a second 0:03:18.520,0:03:22.336 and just think about an issue[br]that you're thinking, working on. 0:03:22.360,0:03:24.336 It could be personal, it could be at work 0:03:24.360,0:03:26.416 or it could be[br]move-the-needle world stuff, 0:03:26.440,0:03:28.776 and think about[br]how far out you tend to think 0:03:28.800,0:03:31.320 about the solution set for that. 0:03:34.620,0:03:39.036 Because short-termism prevents the CEO 0:03:39.060,0:03:41.700 from buying really[br]expensive safety equipment. 0:03:42.620,0:03:44.596 It'll hurt the bottom line. 0:03:44.620,0:03:46.420 So we get the Deepwater Horizon. 0:03:48.500,0:03:51.364 Short-termism prevents teachers 0:03:51.388,0:03:54.796 from spending quality[br]one-on-one time with their students. 0:03:54.820,0:03:56.956 So right now in America, 0:03:56.980,0:03:59.820 a high school student[br]drops out every 26 seconds. 0:04:01.760,0:04:04.496 Short-termism prevents Congress -- 0:04:04.520,0:04:07.136 sorry if there's anyone[br]in here from Congress -- 0:04:07.160,0:04:08.696 (Laughter) 0:04:08.720,0:04:10.776 or not really that sorry -- 0:04:10.800,0:04:13.016 (Laughter) 0:04:13.040,0:04:16.216 from putting money[br]into a real infrastructure bill. 0:04:16.240,0:04:18.856 So what we get[br]is the I-35W bridge collapse 0:04:18.880,0:04:20.696 over the Mississippi a few years ago, 0:04:20.720,0:04:21.920 13 killed. 0:04:23.790,0:04:26.550 It wasn't always like this.[br]We did the Panama Canal. 0:04:29.130,0:04:31.386 We pretty much[br]have eradicated global polio. 0:04:31.410,0:04:34.210 We did the transcontinental railroad,[br]the Marshall Plan. 0:04:35.050,0:04:38.850 And it's not just big, physical[br]infrastructure problems and issues. 0:04:39.410,0:04:41.306 Women's suffrage, the right to vote. 0:04:41.330,0:04:44.106 But in our short-termist time, 0:04:44.130,0:04:46.626 where everything seems to happen right now 0:04:46.650,0:04:51.146 and we can only think out[br]past the next tweet or timeline post, 0:04:51.170,0:04:53.186 we get hyper-reactionary. 0:04:53.210,0:04:54.490 So what do we do? 0:04:56.900,0:05:00.156 We take people who are fleeing[br]their war-torn country, 0:05:00.180,0:05:01.436 and we go after them. 0:05:01.460,0:05:05.076 We take low-level drug offenders,[br]and we put them away for life. 0:05:05.100,0:05:07.476 And then we build McMansions[br]without even thinking 0:05:07.500,0:05:10.366 about how people are going[br]to get between them and their job. 0:05:10.390,0:05:11.870 It's a quick buck. 0:05:12.780,0:05:15.116 Now, the reality is,[br]for a lot of these problems, 0:05:15.140,0:05:17.916 there are some technical fixes, 0:05:17.940,0:05:19.156 a lot of them. 0:05:19.180,0:05:22.716 I call these technical fixes[br]sandbag strategies. 0:05:22.740,0:05:24.436 So you know there's a storm coming, 0:05:24.460,0:05:27.196 the levee is broken,[br]no one's put any money into it, 0:05:27.220,0:05:29.036 you surround your home with sandbags. 0:05:29.060,0:05:30.860 And guess what? It works. 0:05:32.620,0:05:34.636 Storm goes away,[br]the water level goes down, 0:05:34.660,0:05:36.036 you get rid of the sandbags, 0:05:36.060,0:05:38.580 and you do this storm[br]after storm after storm. 0:05:39.940,0:05:41.420 And here's the insidious thing. 0:05:42.140,0:05:44.036 A sandbag strategy 0:05:44.060,0:05:45.260 can get you reelected. 0:05:46.380,0:05:47.756 A sandbag strategy 0:05:47.780,0:05:49.956 can help you make your quarterly numbers. 0:05:49.980,0:05:52.956 Now, if we want to move forward 0:05:52.980,0:05:55.756 into a different future[br]than the one we have right now, 0:05:55.780,0:05:57.836 because I don't think we've hit -- 0:05:57.860,0:05:59.836 2016 is not peak civilization. 0:05:59.860,0:06:01.196 (Laughter) 0:06:01.220,0:06:02.996 There's some more we can do. 0:06:03.562,0:06:06.939 For the issue of short-termism, yeah,[br]there's a lot of technical fixes. 0:06:06.963,0:06:09.717 I could spend the next four hours[br]going down a list 0:06:09.741,0:06:13.016 of tax policy, insurance, 0:06:13.040,0:06:16.676 just a litany of things[br]that we could do to tackle short-termism. 0:06:16.700,0:06:21.316 But my argument is that unless we shift[br]our mental models and our mental maps 0:06:21.340,0:06:23.676 on how we think about the short, 0:06:23.700,0:06:25.396 it's not going to happen. 0:06:25.420,0:06:28.396 So what I've developed[br]is something called "longpath," 0:06:28.420,0:06:30.156 and it's a practice. 0:06:30.180,0:06:34.116 And longpath isn't[br]a kind of one-and-done exercise. 0:06:34.140,0:06:36.836 I'm sure everyone here[br]at some point has done an off-site 0:06:36.860,0:06:38.956 with a lot of Post-It notes[br]and whiteboards, 0:06:38.980,0:06:41.876 and you do -- 0:06:41.900,0:06:44.356 no offense to the consultants[br]in here who do that -- 0:06:44.380,0:06:45.996 and you do a long-term plan, 0:06:46.020,0:06:48.460 and then two weeks later,[br]everyone forgets about it. 0:06:50.060,0:06:53.236 Right? Or a week later.[br]If you're lucky, three months. 0:06:53.260,0:06:56.836 It's a practice because[br]it's not necessarily a thing that you do. 0:06:56.860,0:07:00.636 It's a process where you have[br]to revisit different ways of thinking 0:07:00.660,0:07:03.076 for every major decision[br]that you're working on. 0:07:03.100,0:07:05.580 So I want to go through[br]those three ways of thinking. 0:07:06.780,0:07:07.944 So the first; 0:07:07.968,0:07:10.733 I'm going to say it slow,[br]so I can say it properly. 0:07:10.757,0:07:12.624 Trans-generational thinking. 0:07:14.000,0:07:16.216 I love the philosophers: 0:07:16.240,0:07:18.056 Plato, Socrates, Habermas, Heidegger. 0:07:18.080,0:07:19.280 I was raised on them. 0:07:20.680,0:07:22.616 But they all did one thing 0:07:22.640,0:07:24.616 that didn't actually seem like a big deal 0:07:24.640,0:07:26.976 until I really started[br]kind of looking into this. 0:07:27.000,0:07:28.816 And they all took, 0:07:28.840,0:07:31.736 as a unit of measure[br]for their entire reality 0:07:31.760,0:07:33.713 of what it meant to be virtuous and good, 0:07:35.150,0:07:36.350 the single lifespan, 0:07:37.360,0:07:38.560 from birth to death. 0:07:39.870,0:07:41.926 But here's a problem with these issues: 0:07:41.950,0:07:43.366 they stack up on top of us, 0:07:43.390,0:07:46.526 because the only way we know[br]how to do something good in the world 0:07:46.550,0:07:48.766 is if we do it between[br]our birth and our death. 0:07:48.790,0:07:50.486 That's what we're programmed to do. 0:07:50.510,0:07:52.966 If you go to the self-help section[br]in any bookstore, 0:07:52.990,0:07:54.230 it's all about you. 0:07:55.630,0:07:57.486 Which is great, 0:07:57.510,0:08:00.430 unless you're dealing[br]with some of these major issues. 0:08:02.190,0:08:04.630 And so with transgenerational thinking, 0:08:05.510,0:08:08.166 which is really kind of[br]transgenerational ethics, 0:08:08.190,0:08:11.806 you're able to expand[br]how you think about these problems, 0:08:11.830,0:08:14.590 what is your role[br]in helping to solve them. 0:08:15.950,0:08:21.069 This isn't something that just has to be[br]done at the Security Council chamber. 0:08:21.810,0:08:25.066 It's something that you can do[br]in a very kind of personal way. 0:08:25.090,0:08:29.506 So every once in a while, if I'm lucky,[br]my wife and I like to go out to dinner, 0:08:29.530,0:08:32.786 and we have three children[br]under the age of seven. 0:08:32.810,0:08:35.239 So you can imagine[br]it's a very peaceful, quiet meal. 0:08:35.263,0:08:36.466 (Laughter) 0:08:36.490,0:08:42.066 So we sit down and literally[br]all I want to do is just eat and chill, 0:08:42.090,0:08:44.746 and my kids have a completely[br]and totally different idea 0:08:44.770,0:08:46.346 of what we're going to be doing. 0:08:46.370,0:08:48.706 And so my first idea 0:08:48.730,0:08:50.626 is my sandbag strategy, right? 0:08:50.650,0:08:52.986 It's to go into my pocket[br]and take out the iPhone 0:08:53.010,0:08:54.466 and give them "Frozen" 0:08:54.490,0:08:57.450 or some other bestselling game thing. 0:08:58.570,0:09:02.266 And then I stop 0:09:02.290,0:09:06.866 and I have to kind of put on[br]this transgenerational thinking cap. 0:09:06.890,0:09:09.866 I don't do this in the restaurant,[br]because it would be bizarre, 0:09:09.890,0:09:11.186 but I have to -- 0:09:11.210,0:09:13.826 I did it once, and that's how[br]I learned it was bizarre. 0:09:13.850,0:09:14.866 (Laughter) 0:09:14.890,0:09:19.010 And you have to kind of think,[br]"OK, I can do this." 0:09:19.770,0:09:21.490 But what is this teaching them? 0:09:24.610,0:09:27.226 So what does it mean[br]if I actually bring some paper 0:09:27.250,0:09:28.986 or engage with them in conversation? 0:09:29.010,0:09:31.346 It's hard, and I'm making this[br]very personal. 0:09:31.370,0:09:32.746 It's actually more traumatic 0:09:32.770,0:09:35.506 than some of the big issues[br]that I work on in the world -- 0:09:35.530,0:09:37.070 entertaining my kids at dinner. 0:09:37.370,0:09:40.506 But what it does is it connects them[br]here in the present with me, 0:09:40.530,0:09:41.786 but it also -- 0:09:41.810,0:09:45.266 and this is the crux[br]of transgenerational thinking ethics -- 0:09:45.290,0:09:48.586 it sets them up to how they're[br]going to interact with their kids 0:09:48.610,0:09:50.690 and their kids and their kids. 0:09:53.370,0:09:55.050 Second, futures thinking. 0:09:56.519,0:10:00.486 When we think about the future -- 0:10:00.510,0:10:01.661 Don't close your eyes, 0:10:01.685,0:10:03.783 everyone always says that and no one does. 0:10:03.807,0:10:05.608 Pretend to close your eyes. 0:10:05.632,0:10:06.728 (Laughter) 0:10:06.752,0:10:08.930 Think 10, 15 years out, 0:10:09.930,0:10:11.788 give me a vision of what the future is. 0:10:13.010,0:10:15.666 You don't have to give it to me,[br]but think in your head. 0:10:15.690,0:10:17.826 And what you're probably going to see 0:10:17.850,0:10:19.666 is the dominant cultural lens 0:10:19.690,0:10:22.746 that dominates our thinking[br]about the future right now: 0:10:22.770,0:10:23.970 technology. 0:10:24.850,0:10:26.586 So when we think about the problems, 0:10:26.610,0:10:28.786 we always put it through[br]a technological lens, 0:10:28.810,0:10:32.066 a tech-centric, a techno-utopia,[br]and there's nothing wrong with that, 0:10:32.090,0:10:35.386 but it's something that we have to[br]really think deeply about 0:10:35.410,0:10:38.266 if we're going to move[br]on these major issues, 0:10:38.290,0:10:40.346 because it wasn't always like this. Right? 0:10:40.370,0:10:43.010 The ancients had their way of thinking 0:10:43.850,0:10:45.370 about what the future was. 0:10:46.650,0:10:51.546 The Church definitely had their idea[br]of what the future could be, 0:10:51.570,0:10:54.506 and you could actually pay your way[br]into that future. Right? 0:10:54.530,0:10:56.466 And luckily for humanity, 0:10:57.490,0:10:59.626 we got the scientific revolution. 0:11:01.650,0:11:03.306 From there, we got the technology, 0:11:03.330,0:11:04.986 but what has happened -- 0:11:05.010,0:11:07.370 And by the way, this is not a critique. 0:11:08.410,0:11:10.786 I love technology. 0:11:10.810,0:11:12.745 Everything in my house talks back to me, 0:11:12.769,0:11:14.946 from my children[br]to my speakers to everything. 0:11:14.970,0:11:17.786 (Laughter) 0:11:17.810,0:11:23.506 But we've abdicated the future[br]from the high priests in Rome 0:11:23.530,0:11:26.610 to the high priests of Silicon Valley. 0:11:27.970,0:11:31.306 So when we think, well,[br]how are we going to deal with climate 0:11:31.330,0:11:32.906 or with poverty or homelessness, 0:11:32.930,0:11:36.050 our first reaction is to think about it[br]through a technology lens. 0:11:37.170,0:11:41.786 And look, I'm not advocating[br]that we go to this guy. 0:11:41.810,0:11:43.730 I love Joel, don't get me wrong, 0:11:44.490,0:11:46.146 but I'm not saying we go to Joel. 0:11:46.170,0:11:47.986 What I'm saying is we have to rethink 0:11:48.010,0:11:52.786 our base assumption about[br]only looking at the future in one way, 0:11:52.810,0:11:54.946 only looking at it[br]through the dominant lens. 0:11:54.970,0:11:57.146 Because our problems[br]are so big and so vast 0:11:57.170,0:11:59.986 that we need to open ourselves up. 0:12:00.010,0:12:03.730 So that's why I do everything in my power[br]not to talk about the future. 0:12:04.410,0:12:06.130 I talk about futures. 0:12:06.610,0:12:08.346 It opens the conversation again. 0:12:08.370,0:12:10.826 So when you're sitting and thinking 0:12:10.850,0:12:14.026 about how do we move forward[br]on this major issue -- 0:12:14.050,0:12:15.586 it could be at home, 0:12:15.610,0:12:17.586 it could be at work, 0:12:17.610,0:12:20.466 it could be again on the global stage -- 0:12:20.490,0:12:24.906 don't cut yourself off from thinking[br]about something beyond technology as a fix 0:12:24.930,0:12:28.466 because we're more concerned[br]about technological evolution right now 0:12:28.490,0:12:30.626 than we are about moral evolution. 0:12:30.650,0:12:32.666 And unless we fix for that, 0:12:32.690,0:12:35.266 we're not going to be able[br]to get out of short-termism 0:12:35.290,0:12:37.106 and get to where we want to be. 0:12:37.130,0:12:39.890 The final, telos thinking.[br]This comes from the Greek root. 0:12:40.370,0:12:42.626 Ultimate aim and ultimate purpose. 0:12:42.650,0:12:45.010 And it's really asking one question: 0:12:46.610,0:12:47.810 to what end? 0:12:48.770,0:12:51.786 When was the last time[br]you asked yourself: To what end? 0:12:53.810,0:12:57.610 And when you asked yourself that,[br]how far out did you go? 0:12:58.090,0:13:01.090 Because long isn't long enough anymore. 0:13:02.010,0:13:03.906 Three, five years doesn't cut it. 0:13:03.930,0:13:06.210 It's 30, 40, 50, 100 years. 0:13:07.950,0:13:13.966 In Homer's epic, "The Odyssey," 0:13:13.990,0:13:17.046 Odysseus had the answer to his "what end." 0:13:17.070,0:13:18.470 It was Ithaca. 0:13:18.830,0:13:20.926 It was this bold vision[br]of what he wanted -- 0:13:20.950,0:13:22.326 to return to Penelope. 0:13:22.350,0:13:24.966 And I can tell you,[br]because of the work that I'm doing, 0:13:24.990,0:13:27.846 but also you know it intuitively --[br]we have lost our Ithaca. 0:13:27.870,0:13:31.406 We have lost our "to what end,"[br]so we stay on this hamster wheel. 0:13:31.430,0:13:33.606 And yes, we're trying[br]to solve these problems, 0:13:33.630,0:13:36.470 but what comes after we solve the problem? 0:13:37.110,0:13:40.350 And unless you define what comes after,[br]people aren't going to move. 0:13:41.087,0:13:44.476 Thomas Kuhn, who gave us[br]the famous term "paradigm shift" -- 0:13:44.500,0:13:48.818 the part about that book[br]that isn't as famous 0:13:48.842,0:13:51.061 is where he said, "People don't shift 0:13:51.085,0:13:54.168 unless they have a vision[br]of what it is they're shifting to." 0:13:54.883,0:13:58.806 The frog won't leap from one lily pad[br]to the next without seeing it. 0:14:00.858,0:14:03.882 And you can't tell the frog[br]a one-sentence telos statement. 0:14:03.906,0:14:05.764 It needs to be fully fleshed out. 0:14:05.788,0:14:08.917 This was the power[br]of what Martin Luther King, Jr. did. 0:14:10.096,0:14:13.451 He went through the list[br]of problems and issues, 0:14:13.475,0:14:16.363 but then, he gave you[br]a strong understanding 0:14:16.387,0:14:20.058 of what it was; "I have a dream" --[br]what will come after? 0:14:20.082,0:14:22.385 This isn't just about business, 0:14:22.409,0:14:25.746 but the businesses that do consistently,[br]who break out of short-termism 0:14:25.770,0:14:27.787 not surprisingly[br]are family-run businesses. 0:14:27.811,0:14:31.461 They're transgenerational. They're telos.[br]They think about the futures. 0:14:31.485,0:14:35.181 And this is an ad for Patek Philippe.[br]They're 175 years old, 0:14:35.205,0:14:38.262 and what's amazing[br]is that they literally embody 0:14:38.286,0:14:41.103 this kind of longpathian sense[br]in their brand, 0:14:41.127,0:14:44.024 because, by the way,[br]you never actually own a Patek Philippe, 0:14:44.048,0:14:45.624 and I definitely won't -- 0:14:45.967,0:14:47.117 (Laughter) 0:14:47.141,0:14:50.142 unless somebody wants to just[br]throw 25,000 dollars on the stage. 0:14:50.166,0:14:53.366 You merely look after it[br]for the next generation. 0:14:56.590,0:14:59.046 So it's important that we remember, 0:14:59.070,0:15:02.206 the future, we treat it like a noun. 0:15:02.230,0:15:04.486 It's not. It's a verb. 0:15:04.510,0:15:05.766 It requires action. 0:15:05.790,0:15:07.606 It requires us to push into it. 0:15:07.630,0:15:09.566 It's not this thing that washes over us. 0:15:09.590,0:15:12.246 It's something that we[br]actually have total control over. 0:15:12.270,0:15:15.166 But in a short-term society,[br]we end up feeling like we don't. 0:15:15.190,0:15:16.526 We feel like we're trapped. 0:15:16.550,0:15:17.750 We can push through that. 0:15:19.750,0:15:22.869 Now I'm getting more comfortable 0:15:22.893,0:15:25.133 in the fact that at some point 0:15:26.110,0:15:27.390 in the inevitable future, 0:15:28.638,0:15:29.838 I will die. 0:15:30.910,0:15:35.007 But because of these new ways[br]of thinking and doing, 0:15:35.031,0:15:38.968 both in the outside world[br]and also with my family at home, 0:15:38.992,0:15:42.129 and what I'm leaving my kids,[br]I get more comfortable in that fact. 0:15:42.153,0:15:45.290 And it's something that a lot of us[br]are really uncomfortable with, 0:15:45.314,0:15:46.514 but I'm telling you, 0:15:47.511,0:15:49.006 think it through. 0:15:49.030,0:15:51.766 Apply this type of thinking[br]and you can push yourself past 0:15:51.790,0:15:53.846 what's inevitably[br]very, very uncomfortable. 0:15:53.870,0:15:57.590 And it all begins really[br]with yourself asking this question: 0:15:58.511,0:16:00.271 What is your longpath? 0:16:01.566,0:16:04.463 But I ask you, when you ask yourself that 0:16:04.487,0:16:06.744 now or tonight or behind a steering wheel 0:16:06.768,0:16:10.128 or in the boardroom or the situation room: 0:16:12.070,0:16:14.246 push past the longpath, 0:16:14.270,0:16:17.566 quick, oh, what's my longpath[br]the next three years or five years? 0:16:17.590,0:16:21.206 Try and push past your own life if you can 0:16:21.230,0:16:23.606 because it makes you do things[br]a little bit bigger 0:16:23.630,0:16:25.310 than you thought were possible. 0:16:26.550,0:16:29.550 Yes, we have huge,[br]huge problems out there. 0:16:31.550,0:16:33.950 With this process, with this thinking, 0:16:34.870,0:16:36.470 I think we can make a difference. 0:16:36.867,0:16:39.526 I think you can make a difference, 0:16:39.550,0:16:41.166 and I believe in you guys. 0:16:41.190,0:16:42.406 Thank you. 0:16:42.430,0:16:45.571 (Applause)