1
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Masoko ya Afrika yasiyo rasmi huwekewa kasumba kwa kuonekana

2
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vile yana kasheshe na goigoi.

3
00:00:07,234 --> 00:00:09,887
Ubaya wa kusikia neno "yasiyo rasmi"

4
00:00:09,911 --> 00:00:12,580
hutokana na jumuiya inayojiendesha ya misaada tuliyonayo,

5
00:00:12,604 --> 00:00:14,230
ambayo ina mitazamo hasi sana,

6
00:00:14,254 --> 00:00:18,763
na ilikuwa na madhara makubwa katika kuanguka kwa uchumi,

7
00:00:18,787 --> 00:00:24,273
kuongeza kirahisi -- au kupunguza -- asilimia 40 hadi 60 ya ukomo wa faida

8
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kwa masoko yasiyo rasmi pekee.

9
00:00:27,157 --> 00:00:31,459
Ikiwa moja ya jukumu la kuweka ramani ya mzunguko wa biashara zisizo rasmi,

10
00:00:31,483 --> 00:00:34,016
tumetengeneza machapisho kwa kina

11
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ya ripoti zote na tafiti kwenye biashara za mipakani katika ukanda wa Afrika Mashariki,

12
00:00:39,015 --> 00:00:40,826
tukirudi nyuma hadi miaka 20.

13
00:00:40,850 --> 00:00:45,184
Hii ilikuwa ni kwa ajili ya kutuandaa kwa ajili ya kazi ya kwenda kutathmini tatizo ni nini,

14
00:00:45,208 --> 00:00:49,370
kipi kilichokuwa kinarudisha nyuma biashara isiyo rasmi katika sekta isiyo rasmi.

15
00:00:49,990 --> 00:00:53,494
Tulichogundua katika miaka 20 iliyopita ni kwamba,

16
00:00:53,518 --> 00:00:57,271
hakuna aliyeweza kutofautisha kati ya magendo --

17
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ambayo ni sawa na upenyeshaji mali isiyo halali au iliyopigwa marufuku katika sekta isiyo rasmi --

18
00:01:01,764 --> 00:01:04,104
na mali halali ambayo haikuwekwa katika kumbukumbu

19
00:01:04,128 --> 00:01:07,133
kama nyanya, machungwa, matunda.

20
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Uhalifu huu --

21
00:01:10,041 --> 00:01:15,239
ambao kwa kiswahili unafahamika kama "biashara," ambao ni biashara,

22
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ukilinganisha na "magendo", ambayo upenyeshaji bidhaa usio halali --

23
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uhalifu katika sekta isiyo rasmi,

24
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kwa Kiingereza, bila kutofautisha nyanja hizi,

25
00:01:26,159 --> 00:01:31,752
kwa urahisi inaweza kugharimu kila uchumi wa Afrika kati ya asilimia 60 hadi 80 ukiongezea

26
00:01:31,776 --> 00:01:34,544
katika ukuaji wa pato la taifa kwa mwaka,

27
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kwa sababu hatujambua injini

28
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inayofanya uchumi kuendelea.

29
00:01:40,924 --> 00:01:44,401
Sekta isiyo rasmi inaongeza ajira mara nne katika kiasi

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cha uchumi ulio rasmi,

31
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au uchumi wa "kisasa", kama wengi wauitavyo.

32
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Hutoa nafasi za ajira na kuweza kujipatia kipato

33
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kwa wale wengi ambao hawana "ujuzi wa darasani" katika nyanja mbalimbali za taaluma.

34
00:01:56,183 --> 00:01:59,819
Lakini, je unaweza kutengeneza mashine ya kukaanga chipsi kutokana na gari bovu?

35
00:02:00,403 --> 00:02:03,864
Kwa hiyo, hili, mabibi na mabwana,

36
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ni jambo ambalo linatakiwa kutambuliwa kwa shauku kubwa.

37
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Ambapo mtazamo wa sasa uliopo kuhusu sekta hii ni uhalifu,

38
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hiki ni kivuli,

39
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hii si halali,

40
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hakutakiwa na madhumuni ya kuunganisha mzunguko wa uchumi usio rasmi

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na ule ulio rasmi au hata ule wa kiulimwengu.

42
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Nitawaeleza hadithi inayomuhusu Teresia,

43
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mfanyabiashara ambaye anapindua mitazamo yetu yote,

44
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anatufanya kuhoji kasumba zetu zote tulizokuwa nazo,

45
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ukihusisha na ripoti ya miaka 20 nyuma.

46
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Teresia anauza nguo chini ya mti katika mji unaoitwa Malaba,

47
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katika mpaka wa Uganda na Kenya.

48
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Unadhani ni rahisi sana, au sivyo?

49
00:02:48,810 --> 00:02:51,467
Tutakwenda ning'iniza nguo mpya kwenye matawi,

50
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tutatandika turubai, kisha kuketi chini, kusubiri wateja,

51
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na hivyo ndivyo inakuwa.

52
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Alikuwa ni mtu ambaye tuliona anarandana na yale yaliyomo katika ripoti,

53
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katika tafiti,

54
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alikuwa ni mama mjane anayefanya biashara,

55
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akilea watoto wake.

56
00:03:07,092 --> 00:03:09,702
Ni kipi kilibadili udhanifu wetu?

57
00:03:09,726 --> 00:03:11,245
Kipi kilitushangaza?

58
00:03:11,269 --> 00:03:14,991
Kwanza, Teresia analipia kodi ya serikali ya soko la mkoa

59
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kila siku anayofanya biashara

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kutokana na kuweka biashara chini ya mti wake.

61
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Amekuwa akifanya hivi kwa miaka saba,

62
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na amekuwa akipewa risiti.

63
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Anatunza kumbumkumbu.

64
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Tunamuona asiye hafifu,

65
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masikini,

66
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mwanamke asiye na uwezo anayefanya biashara pembezoni mwa barabara -- hapana.

67
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Tunamuona mfanyabiashara ambaye anatunza kumbukumbu za mauzo kwa miaka;

68
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mtu ambaye amekuwa na mzunguko wote wa biashara za rejareja zitokazo Uganda

69
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hadi orodha ya uchukuaji;

70
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aliye na mkokoteni unaoleta bidhaa,

71
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au wakala wa mfumo wa fedha wa simu anayekuja kuchukua pesa taslimu

72
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kila mwisho wa jioni.

73
00:03:57,548 --> 00:04:01,956
Unaweza kisia ni kiasi gani Teresia hutumia, kwa wastani,

74
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kila mwezi katika uorodheshaji bidhaa --

75
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shehena ya nguo mpya ambazo anapata kutoka Nairobi?

76
00:04:07,819 --> 00:04:10,009
Dola za Kimarekani elfu moja na mia tano.

77
00:04:10,525 --> 00:04:15,965
Ambayo ni takribani dola za Kimarekani 20,000 zilizowekezwa kwenye katika bidhaa za biashara na huduma

78
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kila mwaka.

79
00:04:17,568 --> 00:04:19,018
Huyu ni Teresia,

80
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asiyeonekana,

81
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aliyefichwa katikati.

82
00:04:22,442 --> 00:04:26,535
Na huyu ni mtu wa ngazi ya kwanza ya wajasiriamali wadogo,

83
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biashara ndogo ndogo zinazopatikana katika masoko ya ya miji hii.

84
00:04:30,674 --> 00:04:35,558
Angalau katika mpaka mkubwa wa Malaba, yupo katika ngazi ya kwanza.

85
00:04:36,523 --> 00:04:39,159
Watu wa mbele zaidi wanathamini mlolongo huu

86
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na kwa rahisi wanafanya biashara tatu,

87
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wakiwekeza dola za Kimarekani kati ya 2500 hadi 3000 kila mwezi.

88
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Kwa hiyo tatizo lilikuja gundulika kwamba halikuwa uhalifu;

89
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huwezi kumtuhumu mtu ambaye unamtoza na kumpa risiti.

90
00:04:56,957 --> 00:05:02,347
Ni ukosefu wa kutambua ujuzi wa kazi zao.

91
00:05:03,048 --> 00:05:07,044
Mifumo ya kibenki haina njia ya kuwatambua

92
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kama wafanyabiashara ndogo ndogo.

93
00:05:08,580 --> 00:05:11,158
pasipo kukataa ukweli, unajua,

94
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mti wake hauna anuani.

95
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Kwa hiyo amebanwa katikati.

96
00:05:16,262 --> 00:05:18,693
Anaangukia katika mpasuko wa dhana zetu.

97
00:05:18,717 --> 00:05:22,256
Unaijua ile mikopo midogo midogo ya kusaidia wanawake wa Kiafrika ambao ni wafanyabiashara?

98
00:05:22,646 --> 00:05:25,476
Watampa mkopo wa dola za Kimarekani 50 au 100.

99
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Atafanyia nini kiasi hiki?

100
00:05:27,130 --> 00:05:29,472
Anatumia mara 10 ya kiasi hicho kila mwezi

101
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katika uorodheshaji tu.

102
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hatuongelei huduma nyingine za ziada

103
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au mzunguko wote.

104
00:05:35,864 --> 00:05:39,452
Hawa ni wale ambao hawastahili kuwepo katika kasumba ya sera

105
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ya walio na ujuzi mdogo au wale duni,

106
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wala si mwajiriwa, ofisa anayelipwa mshahara

107
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au mtumishi aliye na pensheni

108
00:05:46,684 --> 00:05:50,056
ambapo ndipo watu wa kipato cha kati walipo.

109
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Badala yake, tulichonacho hapa ni mifano ya viwanda vidogo na vya kati

110
00:05:54,656 --> 00:05:58,451
hizi ni mbegu zilizo na rutuba za biashara na viwanda

111
00:05:58,475 --> 00:06:00,418
ambazo zinafanya injini iendelee kutembea.

112
00:06:00,442 --> 00:06:02,177
Vinaleta chakula mezani.

113
00:06:02,201 --> 00:06:05,274
Hata hapa katika hotel hii, wasioonekana --

114
00:06:05,298 --> 00:06:08,750
wachinjaji nyama, watengeneza mikate na watengeneza mishumaa --

115
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wanatengeneza mashine ambazo zinatengeneza chipsi

116
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na wanatengeneza vitanda vyako,

117
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Hawa ni wanawake ambao hawaonekani wanaofanya biashara mipakani,

118
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pembezoni mwa barabara,

119
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hawaonekani kwa watu wanaokusanya taarifa.

120
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Na wanawekwa pamoja katika sekta kubwa isiyo rasmi

121
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ambayo haihangaiki kutofautisha watu wanaopenyesha bidhaa na wakwepa kodi

122
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na wale wanaofanya biashara za magendo,

123
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na wanawake wanaofanya bashara,

124
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na wale wanaoleta chakula mezani na kuwasomesha watoto zao hadi chuo kikuu

125
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Kwa hiyo hili ndilo ninalouliza hapa.

126
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Hayo ndiyo tunatakiwa kuanza kufanya.

127
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Je tunaweza kuanza kwa kutambua ujuzi, kazi?

128
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Tunaweza kubadili uchumi wa sekta isiyo rasmi kwa kuanza na utambuzi huu

129
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na kisha kutengeneza milango ya wao kupita

130
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na kushirikiana na sekta iliyo rasmi,

131
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na ulimwengu,

132
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na mfumo mzima.

133
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Asante, mabibi na mabwana.

134
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(Makofi)