[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.64,0:00:02.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Twenty years ago,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:02.12,0:00:05.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when I was a barrister\Nand human rights lawyer
Dialogue: 0,0:00:05.08,0:00:08.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in full-time legal practice in London,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:08.08,0:00:10.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the highest court in the land
Dialogue: 0,0:00:10.28,0:00:14.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,still convened, some would say\Nby an accident of history,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:14.72,0:00:16.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in this building here,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.84,0:00:19.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I met a young man\Nwho had just quit his job
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.92,0:00:21.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the British Foreign Office.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.92,0:00:24.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When I asked him, "Why did you leave,"
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.24,0:00:25.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he told me this story.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.52,0:00:29.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He had gone to his boss\None morning and said,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.24,0:00:33.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Let's do something\Nabout human rights abuses in China."
Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.20,0:00:36.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And his boss had replied,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.20,0:00:38.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"We can't do anything\Nabout human rights abuses in China
Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.92,0:00:41.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because we have\Ntrade relations with China."
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.68,0:00:45.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So my friend went away\Nwith his tail between his legs,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.28,0:00:48.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and six months later,\Nhe returned again to his boss,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.24,0:00:50.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he said this time,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.88,0:00:54.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Let's do something\Nabout human rights in Burma,"
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.40,0:00:55.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as it was then called.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:56.40,0:00:58.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,His boss once again paused
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.56,0:01:02.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and said, "Oh, but we can't\Ndo anything about human rights in Burma
Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.60,0:01:06.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because we don't have\Nany trade relations with Burma."
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.28,0:01:07.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.96,0:01:10.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This was the moment\Nhe knew he had to leave.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.08,0:01:12.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It wasn't just the hypocrisy\Nthat got to him.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.16,0:01:16.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was the unwillingness of his government
Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.44,0:01:19.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to engage in conflict\Nwith other governments,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.08,0:01:20.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in tense discussions,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.88,0:01:24.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all the while, innocent people\Nwere being harmed.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.60,0:01:28.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are constantly told
Dialogue: 0,0:01:28.16,0:01:30.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that conflict is bad
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.92,0:01:32.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that compromise is good;
Dialogue: 0,0:01:33.64,0:01:35.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that conflict is bad
Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.32,0:01:37.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but consensus is good;
Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.12,0:01:40.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that conflict is bad
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.36,0:01:42.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and collaboration is good.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.04,0:01:45.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But in my view,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.36,0:01:47.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's far too simple\Na vision of the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:47.76,0:01:49.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We cannot know
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.68,0:01:51.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whether conflict is bad
Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.76,0:01:54.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,unless we know who is fighting,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.60,0:01:56.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,why they are fighting
Dialogue: 0,0:01:56.76,0:01:58.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and how they are fighting.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.64,0:02:02.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And compromises can be thoroughly rotten
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.12,0:02:04.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if they harm people\Nwho are not at the table,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.60,0:02:08.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people who are vulnerable, disempowered,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.04,0:02:11.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people whom we have\Nan obligation to protect.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.48,0:02:15.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, you might be\Nsomewhat skeptical of a lawyer
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.56,0:02:18.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,arguing about the benefits of conflict
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.76,0:02:21.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and creating problems for compromise,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.40,0:02:23.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but I did also qualify as a mediator,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.24,0:02:26.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and these days, I spend my time\Ngiving talks about ethics for free.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.16,0:02:30.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So as my bank manager likes to remind me,\NI'm downwardly mobile.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.28,0:02:35.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But if you accept my argument,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.32,0:02:38.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it should change not just the way\Nwe lead our personal lives,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.52,0:02:40.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which I wish to put\Nto one side for the moment,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.60,0:02:45.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it will change the way\Nwe think about major problems
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.40,0:02:48.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of public health and the environment.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.44,0:02:50.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let me explain.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.36,0:02:54.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Every middle schooler\Nin the United States,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.76,0:02:57.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,my 12-year-old daughter included,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.44,0:03:01.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,learns that there are\Nthree branches of government,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.32,0:03:05.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the legislative, the executive\Nand the judicial branch.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.84,0:03:07.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,James Madison wrote,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.28,0:03:12.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"If there is any principle\Nmore sacred in our Constitution,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.32,0:03:15.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and indeed in any free constitution,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.08,0:03:16.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than any other,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.60,0:03:19.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it is that which separates
Dialogue: 0,0:03:19.12,0:03:23.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the legislative, the executive\Nand the judicial powers."
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.08,0:03:27.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, the framers were not just concerned
Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.36,0:03:31.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about the concentration\Nand exercise of power.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.48,0:03:35.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They also understood\Nthe perils of influence.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:36.44,0:03:41.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Judges cannot determine\Nthe constitutionality of laws
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.56,0:03:45.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if they participate in making those laws,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:45.36,0:03:49.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,nor can they hold the other branches\Nof government accountable
Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.32,0:03:51.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if they collaborate with them
Dialogue: 0,0:03:51.28,0:03:54.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or enter into close\Nrelationships with them.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.48,0:03:59.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Constitution is,\Nas one famous scholar put it,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:59.40,0:04:01.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"an invitation to struggle."
Dialogue: 0,0:04:02.24,0:04:05.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we the people are served
Dialogue: 0,0:04:05.04,0:04:09.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when those branches do, indeed,\Nstruggle with each other.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.28,0:04:14.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, we recognize\Nthe importance of struggle
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.88,0:04:17.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not just in the public sector
Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.80,0:04:20.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between our branches of government.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.20,0:04:23.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We also know it too in the private sector,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:23.56,0:04:26.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in relationships among corporations.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.36,0:04:32.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's imagine that two American airlines\Nget together and agree
Dialogue: 0,0:04:32.40,0:04:34.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that they will not drop the price
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.60,0:04:38.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of their economy class airfares\Nbelow 250 dollars a ticket.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:39.60,0:04:43.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That is collaboration,\Nsome would say collusion,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:43.48,0:04:44.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not competition,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:44.84,0:04:47.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we the people are harmed
Dialogue: 0,0:04:47.68,0:04:49.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because we pay more for our tickets.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:50.84,0:04:53.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Imagine similarly\Ntwo airlines were to say,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.12,0:04:58.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Look, Airline A, we'll take\Nthe route from LA to Chicago,"
Dialogue: 0,0:04:58.16,0:05:01.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and Airline B says, "We'll take\Nthe route from Chicago to DC,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:01.36,0:05:02.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we won't compete."
Dialogue: 0,0:05:02.84,0:05:07.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Once again, that's collaboration\Nor collusion instead of competition,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:07.48,0:05:10.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we the people are harmed.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:11.88,0:05:17.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we understand\Nthe importance of struggle
Dialogue: 0,0:05:17.36,0:05:21.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when it comes to relationships\Nbetween branches of government,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:23.08,0:05:24.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the public sector.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:24.80,0:05:28.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We also understand\Nthe importance of conflict
Dialogue: 0,0:05:28.24,0:05:32.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when it comes to relationships\Namong corporations,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:32.60,0:05:34.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the private sector.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:34.28,0:05:36.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But where we have forgotten it
Dialogue: 0,0:05:36.88,0:05:41.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is in the relationships\Nbetween the public and the private.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:41.32,0:05:45.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And governments all over the world\Nare collaborating with industry
Dialogue: 0,0:05:45.04,0:05:48.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to solve problems of public health\Nand the environment,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:48.84,0:05:51.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,often collaborating\Nwith the very corporations
Dialogue: 0,0:05:51.84,0:05:57.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that are creating or exacerbating\Nthe problems they are trying to solve.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:59.08,0:06:02.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are told that these relationships
Dialogue: 0,0:06:02.68,0:06:04.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are a win-win.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:05.36,0:06:08.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But what if someone is losing out?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:10.28,0:06:12.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let me give you some examples.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:13.84,0:06:17.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A United Nations agency\Ndecided to address a serious problem:
Dialogue: 0,0:06:17.36,0:06:20.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,poor sanitation in schools in rural India.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:22.20,0:06:26.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They did so not just in collaboration\Nwith national and local governments
Dialogue: 0,0:06:26.28,0:06:28.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but also with a television company
Dialogue: 0,0:06:28.80,0:06:32.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and with a major\Nmultinational soda company.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:33.64,0:06:36.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In exchange for less\Nthan one million dollars,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:36.80,0:06:41.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that corporation received the benefits\Nof a months-long promotional campaign
Dialogue: 0,0:06:41.20,0:06:43.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,including a 12-hour telethon
Dialogue: 0,0:06:43.40,0:06:46.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all using the company's logo\Nand color scheme.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:48.04,0:06:49.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This was an arrangement
Dialogue: 0,0:06:50.16,0:06:53.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which was totally understandable
Dialogue: 0,0:06:53.04,0:06:54.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the corporation's point of view.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:55.00,0:06:57.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It enhances the reputation of the company
Dialogue: 0,0:06:57.56,0:07:00.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it creates brand loyalty\Nfor its products.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:01.36,0:07:02.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But in my view,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:03.00,0:07:06.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this is profoundly problematic\Nfor the intergovernmental agency,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:06.72,0:07:10.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,an agency that has a mission\Nto promote sustainable living.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:11.88,0:07:15.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By increasing consumption\Nof sugar-sweetened beverages
Dialogue: 0,0:07:15.04,0:07:19.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,made from scarce local water supplies\Nand drunk out of plastic bottles
Dialogue: 0,0:07:19.36,0:07:22.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a country that is already\Ngrappling with obesity,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:22.40,0:07:25.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this is neither sustainable\Nfrom a public health
Dialogue: 0,0:07:25.84,0:07:28.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,nor an environmental point of view.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:28.76,0:07:32.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in order to solve\None public health problem,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:32.12,0:07:34.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the agency is sowing the seeds
Dialogue: 0,0:07:34.44,0:07:35.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of another.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:37.48,0:07:41.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is just one example\Nof dozens I discovered
Dialogue: 0,0:07:41.80,0:07:46.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in researching a book on the relationships\Nbetween government and industry.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:46.92,0:07:50.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I could also have told you\Nabout the initiatives in parks
Dialogue: 0,0:07:50.72,0:07:52.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in London and throughout Britain,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:52.36,0:07:54.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,involving the same company,\Npromoting exercise,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:55.56,0:08:00.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or indeed of the British government\Ncreating voluntary pledges
Dialogue: 0,0:08:00.44,0:08:02.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in partnership with industry
Dialogue: 0,0:08:02.64,0:08:05.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,instead of regulating industry.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:05.40,0:08:11.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These collaborations or partnerships\Nhave become the paradigm in public health,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:11.08,0:08:15.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and once again, they make sense\Nfrom the point of view of industry.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:15.16,0:08:18.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It allows them to frame\Npublic health problems and their solutions
Dialogue: 0,0:08:18.80,0:08:20.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in ways that are least threatening to,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:20.96,0:08:23.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,most consonant with\Ntheir commercial interests.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:23.84,0:08:26.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So obesity becomes a problem
Dialogue: 0,0:08:26.44,0:08:30.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of individual decision-making,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:30.72,0:08:32.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of personal behavior,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:32.80,0:08:35.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,personal responsibility\Nand lack of physical activity.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:36.00,0:08:38.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is not a problem,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:38.12,0:08:39.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when framed this way,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:39.56,0:08:43.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of a multinational food system\Ninvolving major corporations.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:43.20,0:08:44.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And again, I don't blame industry.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:44.88,0:08:48.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Industry naturally engages\Nin strategies of influence
Dialogue: 0,0:08:48.32,0:08:50.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to promote its commercial interests.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:51.56,0:08:54.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But governments have a responsibility
Dialogue: 0,0:08:54.84,0:08:56.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to develop counterstrategies
Dialogue: 0,0:08:56.92,0:08:58.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to protect us
Dialogue: 0,0:08:58.76,0:09:01.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the common good.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:02.16,0:09:05.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The mistake that governments are making
Dialogue: 0,0:09:06.48,0:09:09.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when they collaborate in this way
Dialogue: 0,0:09:09.08,0:09:10.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with industry
Dialogue: 0,0:09:10.44,0:09:13.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that they conflate
Dialogue: 0,0:09:13.04,0:09:14.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the common good
Dialogue: 0,0:09:14.88,0:09:16.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with common ground.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:17.08,0:09:19.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When you collaborate with industry,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:19.88,0:09:22.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you necessarily put off the table
Dialogue: 0,0:09:22.72,0:09:26.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,things that might promote the common good\Nto which industry will not agree.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:26.32,0:09:29.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Industry will not agree\Nto increased regulation
Dialogue: 0,0:09:29.12,0:09:33.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,unless it believes this will\Nstave off even more regulation
Dialogue: 0,0:09:33.32,0:09:36.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or perhaps knock some competitors\Nout of the market.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:37.96,0:09:40.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nor can companies agree\Nto do certain things,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:40.28,0:09:43.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for example raise the prices\Nof their unhealthy products,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:43.28,0:09:45.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because that would violate\Ncompetition law,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:45.44,0:09:46.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as we've established.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:48.56,0:09:51.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So our governments should not confound
Dialogue: 0,0:09:51.80,0:09:54.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the common good and common ground,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:54.28,0:09:59.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,especially when common ground\Nmeans reaching agreement with industry.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:00.52,0:10:02.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I want to give you another example,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:02.24,0:10:04.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,moving from high-profile collaboration
Dialogue: 0,0:10:04.40,0:10:06.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to something that is below ground
Dialogue: 0,0:10:06.92,0:10:10.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,both literally and figuratively:
Dialogue: 0,0:10:10.20,0:10:12.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the hydraulic fracturing of natural gas.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:13.32,0:10:17.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Imagine that you purchase a plot of land
Dialogue: 0,0:10:17.04,0:10:19.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not knowing the mineral rights\Nhave been sold.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:19.28,0:10:21.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is before the fracking boom.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:22.36,0:10:25.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You build your dream home on that plot,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:25.40,0:10:27.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and shortly afterwards,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:27.04,0:10:32.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you discover that a gas company\Nis building a well pad on your land.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:33.04,0:10:36.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That was the plight\Nof the Hallowich family.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:37.20,0:10:40.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Within a very short period of time,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:40.04,0:10:43.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they began to complain of headaches,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:43.28,0:10:46.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of sore throats, of itchy eyes,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:46.52,0:10:49.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in addition to the interference\Nof the noise, vibration
Dialogue: 0,0:10:49.36,0:10:52.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the bright lights\Nfrom the flaring of natural gas.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:52.52,0:10:54.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They were very vocal in their criticisms,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:55.96,0:10:57.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then they fell silent.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:58.40,0:11:01.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And thanks to the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette,\Nwhere this image appeared,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:01.68,0:11:04.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and one other newspaper,\Nwe discovered why they fell silent.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:04.56,0:11:08.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The newspapers went to the court and said,\N"What happened to the Hallowiches?"
Dialogue: 0,0:11:08.28,0:11:11.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it turned out the Hallowiches\Nhad made a secret settlement
Dialogue: 0,0:11:11.68,0:11:15.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the gas operators, and it was\Na take-it-or-leave-it settlement.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:15.60,0:11:16.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The gas company said,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:16.88,0:11:19.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can have a six-figure sum
Dialogue: 0,0:11:19.32,0:11:21.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to move elsewhere\Nand start your lives again,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:21.48,0:11:22.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but in return
Dialogue: 0,0:11:22.72,0:11:26.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you must promise not to speak\Nof your experience with our company,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:26.60,0:11:29.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not to speak of your\Nexperience with fracking,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:29.20,0:11:32.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not to speak about the health consequences
Dialogue: 0,0:11:33.68,0:11:36.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that might have been revealed\Nby a medical examination.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:37.72,0:11:40.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, I do not blame\Nthe Hallowiches for accepting
Dialogue: 0,0:11:40.56,0:11:43.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a take-it-or-leave-it settlement
Dialogue: 0,0:11:43.40,0:11:45.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and starting their lives elsewhere.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:45.64,0:11:46.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And one can understand
Dialogue: 0,0:11:46.88,0:11:49.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,why the company would wish\Nto silence a squeaky wheel.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:49.88,0:11:53.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What I want to point the finger at\Nis the legal and regulatory system,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:53.68,0:11:56.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a system in which there are\Nnetworks of agreements
Dialogue: 0,0:11:56.16,0:11:58.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just like this one
Dialogue: 0,0:11:58.08,0:12:01.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which serve to silence people\Nand seal off data points
Dialogue: 0,0:12:02.56,0:12:05.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from public health experts\Nand epidemiologists,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:05.24,0:12:06.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a system in which regulators
Dialogue: 0,0:12:06.88,0:12:10.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will even refrain\Nfrom issuing a violation notice
Dialogue: 0,0:12:10.04,0:12:11.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the event of pollution
Dialogue: 0,0:12:11.44,0:12:13.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if the landowner and the gas company
Dialogue: 0,0:12:13.60,0:12:15.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,agree to settle.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:15.20,0:12:19.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is a system which isn't just\Nbad from a public health point of view;
Dialogue: 0,0:12:19.16,0:12:22.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it exposes hazards to local families
Dialogue: 0,0:12:22.48,0:12:24.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who remain in the dark.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:27.20,0:12:31.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, I have given you two examples\Nnot because they are isolated examples.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:31.72,0:12:34.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They are examples of a systemic problem.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:34.24,0:12:36.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I could share some counterexamples,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:36.64,0:12:39.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the case for example\Nof the public official
Dialogue: 0,0:12:39.64,0:12:42.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who sues the pharmaceutical company
Dialogue: 0,0:12:42.76,0:12:44.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for concealing the fact
Dialogue: 0,0:12:44.40,0:12:50.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that its antidepressant increases\Nsuicidal thoughts in adolescents.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:51.00,0:12:54.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I can tell you about the regulator\Nwho went after the food company
Dialogue: 0,0:12:54.92,0:12:58.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for exaggerating the purported\Nhealth benefits of its yogurt.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:58.68,0:13:02.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I can tell you about the legislator
Dialogue: 0,0:13:02.16,0:13:06.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who despite heavy lobbying\Ndirected at both sides of the aisle
Dialogue: 0,0:13:06.48,0:13:10.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,pushes for environmental protections.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:11.16,0:13:12.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These are isolated examples,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:12.92,0:13:17.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but they are beacons of light\Nin the darkness,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:17.12,0:13:20.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they can show us the way.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:22.00,0:13:26.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I began by suggesting that sometimes\Nwe need to engage in conflict.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:27.48,0:13:31.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Governments should tussle with,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:31.04,0:13:36.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,struggle with, at times engage\Nin direct conflict with corporations.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:37.96,0:13:42.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is not because governments\Nare inherently good
Dialogue: 0,0:13:42.24,0:13:44.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and corporations are inherently evil.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:44.52,0:13:48.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Each is capable of good or ill.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:49.44,0:13:54.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But corporations understandably\Nact to promote their commercial interests,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:55.08,0:14:01.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they do so either sometimes\Nundermining or promoting the common good.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:01.16,0:14:05.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it is the responsibility\Nof governments
Dialogue: 0,0:14:05.16,0:14:08.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to protect and promote the common good.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:08.40,0:14:11.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we should insist
Dialogue: 0,0:14:11.12,0:14:13.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that they fight to do so.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:14.80,0:14:17.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is because governments
Dialogue: 0,0:14:17.32,0:14:18.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are the guardians
Dialogue: 0,0:14:19.60,0:14:20.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of public health;
Dialogue: 0,0:14:21.92,0:14:24.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,governments are the guardians
Dialogue: 0,0:14:24.68,0:14:26.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the environment;
Dialogue: 0,0:14:26.56,0:14:28.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it is governments
Dialogue: 0,0:14:28.40,0:14:29.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that are guardians
Dialogue: 0,0:14:29.72,0:14:35.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of these essential parts\Nof our common good.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:35.68,0:14:36.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:36.92,0:14:43.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)