[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:01.25,0:00:03.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By October 2018,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:03.42,0:00:06.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Juan Carlos Rivera could no longer afford
Dialogue: 0,0:00:06.83,0:00:09.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to live in his home in Copan, Honduras.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:10.33,0:00:12.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As the "Dallas Morning News" reported,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.25,0:00:16.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a gang was taking 10 percent\Nof his earnings from his barber shop.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.00,0:00:21.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,His wife was assaulted\Ngoing to her pre-K teaching job.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.33,0:00:24.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they were concerned\Nabout the safety of their young daughter.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.75,0:00:26.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What could they do?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.58,0:00:27.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Run away?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.88,0:00:30.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Seek asylum in another country?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.33,0:00:31.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They didn't want to do that.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.00,0:00:35.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They just wanted to live\Nin their country safely.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.88,0:00:37.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But their options were limited.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.83,0:00:39.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So that month,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.12,0:00:42.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Juan Carlos moved his family\Nto a safer location
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.88,0:00:47.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,while he joined a group of migrants\Non the long and perilous journey
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.58,0:00:49.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from Central America
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.46,0:00:55.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to a job a family member said\Nwas open for him in the United States.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.83,0:00:58.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By now we're all familiar\Nwith what awaited them
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.42,0:01:00.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at the US-Mexico border.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.75,0:01:04.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The harsher and harsher penalties\Ndoled out to those crossing there.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.79,0:01:08.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The criminal prosecutions\Nfor crossing illegally.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.21,0:01:10.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The inhumane detention.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.21,0:01:13.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And most terribly,\Nseparation of families.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:14.38,0:01:17.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm here to tell you\Nthat not only is this treatment wrong,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.71,0:01:19.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's unnecessary.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.67,0:01:24.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This belief that the only way\Nto maintain order
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.12,0:01:26.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is with inhumane means
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.71,0:01:28.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is inaccurate.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:28.17,0:01:30.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in fact, the opposite is true.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.83,0:01:37.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Only a humane system\Nwill create order at the border.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.17,0:01:44.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When safe, orderly, legal travel\Nto the United States is available,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.71,0:01:48.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,very few people choose\Ntravel that is unsafe,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.08,0:01:50.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,disorderly or illegal.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.29,0:01:52.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, I appreciate the idea
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.79,0:01:57.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that legal immigration\Ncould just resolve the border crisis
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.33,0:01:59.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,might sound a bit fanciful.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.79,0:02:01.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But here is the good news:
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.75,0:02:04.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have done this before.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.04,0:02:07.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've been working on immigration for years
Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.25,0:02:08.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at the Cato Institute
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.96,0:02:11.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and other think tanks in Washington DC
Dialogue: 0,0:02:11.46,0:02:15.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and as the senior policy adviser\Nfor a republican member of Congress,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.17,0:02:19.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,negotiating bipartisan immigration reform.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.79,0:02:21.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I've seen firsthand
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.67,0:02:27.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how America has implemented\Na system of humane order at the border
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.25,0:02:29.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for Mexico.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:29.12,0:02:31.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's called a guest worker program.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.33,0:02:34.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And here's the even better news.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:34.33,0:02:38.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can replicate this success\Nfor Central America.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.54,0:02:41.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Of course, some people
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.46,0:02:44.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will still need to seek\Nasylum at the border.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:44.83,0:02:49.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But to understand how successful
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.12,0:02:52.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this could be for immigrants\Nlike Juan Carlos,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.79,0:02:55.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,understand that until recently,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.21,0:03:00.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,nearly every immigrant arrested\Nby Border Patrol was Mexican.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.58,0:03:04.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 1986,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.08,0:03:10.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,each Border Patrol agent\Narrested 510 Mexicans.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.04,0:03:12.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well over one per day.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.67,0:03:15.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By 2019, this number was just eight.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.62,0:03:18.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's one every 43 days.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.29,0:03:21.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is a 98 percent reduction.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.75,0:03:26.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So where have all the Mexicans gone?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.25,0:03:28.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The most significant change
Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.58,0:03:30.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that the US began issuing
Dialogue: 0,0:03:30.88,0:03:35.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,hundreds of thousands\Nof guest worker visas to Mexicans,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.12,0:03:37.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that they can come legally.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.88,0:03:42.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,José Vásquez Cabrera was among\Nthe first Mexican guest workers
Dialogue: 0,0:03:42.83,0:03:45.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to take advantage of this visa expansion.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.46,0:03:49.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He told "The New York Times"\Nthat before his visa
Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.92,0:03:53.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he'd made terrifying\Nillegal border crossings,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.88,0:03:57.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,braving near deadly heat\Nand the treachery of the landscape.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:58.46,0:04:03.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One time, a snake killed\Na member of his group.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:04.96,0:04:08.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thousands of other Mexicans\Nalso didn't make it,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:08.42,0:04:12.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,dying of dehydration in the deserts\Nor drowning in the Rio Grande.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.71,0:04:16.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Millions more were\Nchased down and arrested.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:16.92,0:04:21.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Guest worker visas have nearly ended\Nthis inhumane chaos.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:21.88,0:04:24.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As Vásquez Cabrera put it,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:24.46,0:04:27.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I no longer have to risk my life
Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.75,0:04:29.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to support my family.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.75,0:04:32.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when I'm here,\NI don't have to live in hiding."
Dialogue: 0,0:04:33.50,0:04:37.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Guest worker visas actually reduced\Nthe number of illegal crossings
Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.71,0:04:40.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,more than the number of visas issued.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:41.25,0:04:45.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Jose Bacilio, another\NMexican guest worker, explained why
Dialogue: 0,0:04:45.08,0:04:47.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the "Washington Post" in April.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:47.67,0:04:52.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He said, even though\Nhe hadn't received a visa this year,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:52.88,0:04:56.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he wouldn't risk all of his future chances
Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.67,0:04:58.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by crossing illegally.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:59.42,0:05:02.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This likely helps explain why
Dialogue: 0,0:05:02.04,0:05:05.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from 1996 to 2019
Dialogue: 0,0:05:05.54,0:05:10.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for every guest worker\Nadmitted legally from Mexico,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:10.50,0:05:15.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there was a decline in two arrests\Nof Mexicans crossing illegally.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:16.88,0:05:18.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, it's true,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:18.38,0:05:22.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Mexican guest workers\Ndo some really tough jobs.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:22.92,0:05:25.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Picking fruit, cleaning crabs,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:25.67,0:05:27.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,landscaping in a 100-degree heat.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:28.79,0:05:31.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And some critics maintain\Nthat guest worker visas
Dialogue: 0,0:05:31.79,0:05:33.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are not actually humane
Dialogue: 0,0:05:33.96,0:05:36.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that the workers\Nare just abused slaves.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:37.33,0:05:43.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But Vásquez Cabrera thought\Na guest worker visa was liberating.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:43.29,0:05:45.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Not enslavement.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:45.04,0:05:47.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And he, like nearly\Nall other guest workers,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:47.83,0:05:53.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,chose the legal path\Nover the illegal one, repeatedly.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:55.29,0:05:59.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The expansion of guest worker\Nvisas to Mexicans
Dialogue: 0,0:05:59.62,0:06:04.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has been among the most\Nsignificant humane changes
Dialogue: 0,0:06:04.46,0:06:07.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in US immigration policy ever.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:08.25,0:06:10.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that humane change
Dialogue: 0,0:06:10.62,0:06:13.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,imposed order on chaos.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:15.62,0:06:19.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So where does this leave\NCentral Americans,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:19.46,0:06:20.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like Juan Carlos?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:22.33,0:06:24.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, Central Americans received
Dialogue: 0,0:06:24.62,0:06:30.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just three percent of the guest worker\Nvisas issued in 2019,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:30.88,0:06:36.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even as their share of border arrests\Nhas risen to 74 percent.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:37.25,0:06:42.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The US issued just one guest worker visa\Nto a Central American
Dialogue: 0,0:06:42.33,0:06:47.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for every 78 who crossed\Nthe border illegally in 2019.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:49.00,0:06:52.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So if they can't get their papers at home,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:52.42,0:06:54.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,many take their chances,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:54.83,0:06:58.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,coming up through Mexico\Nto claim asylum at the border
Dialogue: 0,0:06:58.38,0:07:00.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or cross illegally,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:00.04,0:07:03.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even if, like Juan Carlos,\Nthey prefer to come to work.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:04.75,0:07:06.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The US can do better.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:07.50,0:07:11.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It needs to create new guest worker visas
Dialogue: 0,0:07:11.21,0:07:13.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,specifically for Central Americans.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:14.67,0:07:17.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This would create an incentive\Nfor US businesses
Dialogue: 0,0:07:17.50,0:07:20.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to seek out and hire Central Americans,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:20.75,0:07:23.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,paying for their flights\Nto the United States,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:23.79,0:07:28.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and diverting them from the illegal,\Ndangerous trek north.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:28.71,0:07:32.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Central Americans could build\Nflourishing lives at home,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:32.58,0:07:35.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,without the need to seek\Nasylum at the border
Dialogue: 0,0:07:35.17,0:07:36.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or cross illegally,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:36.46,0:07:39.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,freeing up an overwhelmed system.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:40.42,0:07:42.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some people might say
Dialogue: 0,0:07:42.29,0:07:45.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that letting the workers go back and forth
Dialogue: 0,0:07:45.38,0:07:48.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will never work in Central America
Dialogue: 0,0:07:48.12,0:07:49.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where violence is so high.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:50.92,0:07:54.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But again, it worked in Mexico,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:54.25,0:07:59.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even as Mexico's murder rate\Nmore than tripled over the last decade,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:59.29,0:08:03.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to a level higher\Nthan much of Central America.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:03.83,0:08:06.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it would work for Juan Carlos,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:06.42,0:08:08.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who said, despite the threats
Dialogue: 0,0:08:08.62,0:08:12.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he only wants to live\Nin the United States temporarily,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:12.50,0:08:13.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to make enough money
Dialogue: 0,0:08:13.79,0:08:16.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to sustain his family in their new home.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:17.25,0:08:21.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He even suggested\Nthat a guest worker program
Dialogue: 0,0:08:21.38,0:08:25.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,would be one of the best things\Nto help Hondurans like him.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:26.50,0:08:33.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Cintia, a 29-year-old\Nsingle mother of three from Honduras,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:33.17,0:08:34.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,seems to agree.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:34.83,0:08:39.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She told the "Wall Street Journal"\Nthat she came for a job
Dialogue: 0,0:08:39.08,0:08:41.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to support her kids and her mom.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:42.71,0:08:46.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Surveys of Central Americans\Ntraveling through Mexico,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:46.62,0:08:49.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by the College of the Northern\NBorder in Mexico,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:49.54,0:08:53.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,confirm that Juan and Cintia are the norm.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:54.79,0:08:58.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Most, not all, but most do come for jobs,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:58.83,0:09:00.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even if, like the Riveras,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:00.96,0:09:04.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they may also face\Nsome real threats at home.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:05.00,0:09:10.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How much would a low-wage job help
Dialogue: 0,0:09:10.33,0:09:12.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a Honduran, like Juan or Cintia?
Dialogue: 0,0:09:13.83,0:09:17.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hondurans like them make as much
Dialogue: 0,0:09:17.58,0:09:20.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in one month in the United States
Dialogue: 0,0:09:20.92,0:09:26.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as they do in an entire year\Nworking in Honduras.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:27.42,0:09:29.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A few years' work in the United States
Dialogue: 0,0:09:29.83,0:09:34.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can propel a Central American\Ninto its upper middle class
Dialogue: 0,0:09:34.25,0:09:36.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where safety is easier to come by.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:37.38,0:09:41.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What Central Americans lack\Nis not the desire to work.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:41.17,0:09:45.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Not the desire to contribute\Nto the US economy,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:45.08,0:09:48.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to contribute to the lives of Americans.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:48.71,0:09:53.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What Central Americans lack\Nis a legal alternative to asylum.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:53.12,0:09:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To be able to do so legally.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:56.46,0:09:59.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Of course, a new guest worker program
Dialogue: 0,0:09:59.33,0:10:05.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will not resolve 100 percent\Nof this complex phenomenon.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:06.38,0:10:10.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Many asylum seekers\Nwill still need to seek safety
Dialogue: 0,0:10:10.75,0:10:12.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at the US border.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:12.92,0:10:14.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But with the flows reduced,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:14.75,0:10:18.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we can more easily work out ways\Nto deal with them humanely.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:19.67,0:10:21.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But ultimately,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:21.29,0:10:26.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,no single policy has proven to do more
Dialogue: 0,0:10:26.33,0:10:30.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to create an immigration system\Nthat is both humane
Dialogue: 0,0:10:30.96,0:10:32.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and orderly
Dialogue: 0,0:10:32.88,0:10:36.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than to let the workers come legally.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:37.17,0:10:38.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:38.46,0:10:43.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)