[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.00,0:00:18.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\i1}35c3 preroll music{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.80,0:00:30.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Herald Angel: Our next speaker speaks\NBritish English. He writes books and he's
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.84,0:00:39.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,going to talk about those books. He's an\Neconomist and member of the Basic Income
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.62,0:00:46.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Earth Network which has its 18th\Nconference... had its 18th conference this
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.94,0:00:59.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,year. It's from 1986, 32 years going\Nstrong. Allow me to introduce Guy
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.86,0:01:06.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Standing, talking about "The Precariat: A\NDisruptive Class for Disruptive Times".
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.18,0:01:15.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\i1}applause{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.58,0:01:26.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Guy Standing: In a book that I wrote in\N2011 on page 1, I said that unless the
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.47,0:01:35.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,insecurities and the fears and the\Naspirations of the precariat were
Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.24,0:01:44.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,addressed as a matter of urgency, we would\Nsee the emergence of a political monster.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.78,0:01:52.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You will not be surprised that in November\N2016 I received a lot of emails from
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.95,0:02:03.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,around the world from people who said:\N"the monster has arrived". Today,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.05,0:02:13.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ironically, he is in Germany, inspecting\Nhis troops. Maybe a lot of Americans would
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.14,0:02:23.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like him to stay in Germany, but I would\Nnot. What I'm going to talk about today is
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.28,0:02:28.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,something that has involved me in\Nsomething I never expected in my life, an
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.78,0:02:34.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,adventure, because since that book was\Npublished it's been translated into 24
Dialogue: 0,0:02:34.59,0:02:42.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,languages and taken me around the world to\Nspeak in over 500 places and about 40
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.05,0:02:49.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,countries. And the reason for that is not\Nthe book, but the fact is that the global
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.31,0:02:57.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,precariat is growing in every part of the\Nworld. And I want to talk about some of
Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.72,0:03:04.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the background of this disruptive class\Nthat is taking shape, because I think it
Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.40,0:03:13.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has a resonance with this conference and\Nsimilar events taking place. Because as
Dialogue: 0,0:03:13.15,0:03:19.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,someone like myself—I'm an economist—as I\Nwas walking around here this morning, I
Dialogue: 0,0:03:19.17,0:03:31.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,thought: this is the future. You are the\Nfuture—if, IF we are to have a future.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.96,0:03:41.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's up to YOU to define that future. And\NI mean it very seriously. We are in the
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.50,0:03:47.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,midst of a global transformation. Those of\Nyou who are political scientists or know
Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.98,0:03:56.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,political science will understand. Karl\NPolanyi wrote a great book in 1944 called
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.73,0:04:03.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"The Great Transformation" and his book\Nwas fundamentally about what took place in
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.67,0:04:12.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the 19th century and the early part of the\N20th century. He described the mid-19th-
Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.72,0:04:21.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,century until the Second World War as "the\Ndisembedded phase of the Great
Dialogue: 0,0:04:21.38,0:04:29.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Transformation". It was dominated\Ninitially by financial capital, by
Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.12,0:04:35.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,laissez-faire economics and by a\Ntechnological revolution that was taking
Dialogue: 0,0:04:35.46,0:04:46.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,place at the time. It took place in which\Nthe dominant groups were around finance
Dialogue: 0,0:04:46.32,0:04:54.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and monopolies and imperialism. But what\Nhappened in that disembodied phase was
Dialogue: 0,0:04:54.94,0:05:03.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that insecurities multiplied, inequalities\Nworsened, wealth inequality grew more than
Dialogue: 0,0:05:03.13,0:05:10.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,income inequality. And in the process we\Nhad the emergence of a new class
Dialogue: 0,0:05:10.81,0:05:20.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,structure, in which the bourgeoisie was\Nconfronted by a solidified proletariat.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:20.22,0:05:25.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The proletariat were the losers in the\Nprocess of two world wars and the Great
Dialogue: 0,0:05:25.82,0:05:33.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Depression and we had what Polanyi said\Nwas the threat of the annihilation of
Dialogue: 0,0:05:33.44,0:05:43.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,civilization. We all know what happened.\NBut after the Second World War a new
Dialogue: 0,0:05:43.49,0:05:51.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,embedded phase of his Great Transformation\Ntook place, in which finance was tamed, in
Dialogue: 0,0:05:51.62,0:06:00.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which social democracy became the dominant\Nforce. Labor based insecurities were
Dialogue: 0,0:06:00.32,0:06:09.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,reduced, inequalities were reduced, and we\Nhad a period in which global trade grew in
Dialogue: 0,0:06:09.78,0:06:16.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,competitive goods, but with similar\Nstandards in the industrialized capitalist
Dialogue: 0,0:06:16.90,0:06:24.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,countries. But there were inherent\Ncontradictions in that embedded phase of
Dialogue: 0,0:06:24.83,0:06:30.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Great Transformation. It became\Ninflationary, it became sluggish. It was
Dialogue: 0,0:06:30.28,0:06:40.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,no golden age. It was no golden age that\Nprompted 1968, the riots, the revolt
Dialogue: 0,0:06:40.51,0:06:50.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,against the system. It was a period of\Ndrabness in many ways, when full time
Dialogue: 0,0:06:50.08,0:06:59.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,stable jobs were meant to be the Nirvana\Nbut it stultified the human creativities,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:59.33,0:07:09.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it stultified subversive thinking. It was\Na period in which there were many
Dialogue: 0,0:07:09.02,0:07:15.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,improvements, but it had its limitations.\NAs we all know that Great Transformation
Dialogue: 0,0:07:15.74,0:07:25.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,collapsed in the 1970s and 1980s and\Nushered in the disembedded phase of the
Dialogue: 0,0:07:25.35,0:07:33.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,global transformation. The disembedded\Nphase was dominated by neoliberalism in
Dialogue: 0,0:07:33.50,0:07:39.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,economics, by the emergence of politicians\Nlike Margaret Thatcher and Ronald Reagan
Dialogue: 0,0:07:39.90,0:07:45.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to put those neoliberal ideas into\Npractice. It was dominated by the
Dialogue: 0,0:07:45.60,0:07:53.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,emergence of US dominated financial\Ninstitutions like Goldman Sachs that
Dialogue: 0,0:07:53.86,0:08:00.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,became great umbrellas around the world,\Nand it ushered in to a new technological
Dialogue: 0,0:08:00.80,0:08:09.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,revolution that you're all dealing with\Ntoday. For my story, the most important
Dialogue: 0,0:08:09.02,0:08:15.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,aspect of the early phase of that\Ntechnological revolution was that it made
Dialogue: 0,0:08:15.18,0:08:21.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the relocation of production and\Nemployment much easier, so that the
Dialogue: 0,0:08:21.89,0:08:30.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,relocation depended on relative costs. And\Nit strengthened the power of capital over
Dialogue: 0,0:08:30.39,0:08:39.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,labor. So we see around the world in EVERY\Ncountry a shift in which more and more of
Dialogue: 0,0:08:39.00,0:08:45.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the income goes to capital and less and\Nless goes to labor. It's a phenomenon that
Dialogue: 0,0:08:45.28,0:08:53.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,spread around the world. And the\Ntechnological revolution also meant that
Dialogue: 0,0:08:53.83,0:09:01.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,capital mobility increased dramatically\Nand we have some other interesting
Dialogue: 0,0:09:01.95,0:09:09.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,developments which I come to in a moment.\NBut inequalities have increased,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:09.36,0:09:17.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,insecurities have become vastly greater in\Nevery part of the world. We have a new
Dialogue: 0,0:09:17.51,0:09:27.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,gilded age at the top and at the bottom,\Nand that gilded age has gone with a new
Dialogue: 0,0:09:27.84,0:09:35.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Kondratiev long wave of technological\Nrevolution, which has helped in the
Dialogue: 0,0:09:35.25,0:09:48.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,relocation again of the geopolitical POWER\Nthat is so important today. We have, now,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:48.91,0:09:58.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,moved away from the neoliberal era of the\N1980s and 1990s and a pivotal event came
Dialogue: 0,0:09:58.61,0:10:08.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in 1994, when the passage of TRIPS by the\NWorld Trade Organization—TRIPS: Trade-
Dialogue: 0,0:10:08.07,0:10:16.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Related Aspects of Intellectual Property.\NWhat this did is globalize the American
Dialogue: 0,0:10:16.90,0:10:24.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,system of intellectual property rights,\Nwith patents, with copyright, with brands,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:24.72,0:10:31.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with all of the adages that go with that\Nsystem. So now we have a system in which
Dialogue: 0,0:10:31.91,0:10:39.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about a quarter of the world's\NGDP—national income—is attributable to
Dialogue: 0,0:10:39.81,0:10:44.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,intellectual property rights. Some of you\Nbenefit from patents and other copyrights
Dialogue: 0,0:10:44.95,0:10:53.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rights and so on, but it's a system that\Nhas entrenched powerful big corporations.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:53.45,0:11:02.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we have big pharma, we have big finance\Nand above all, we have big tech. The big
Dialogue: 0,0:11:02.55,0:11:11.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,tech are rentiers taking more and more\Nfrom the world's income pile. And in
Dialogue: 0,0:11:11.51,0:11:18.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,effect we have rentier capitalism today,\Nnot a free market. This is the most UNfree
Dialogue: 0,0:11:18.55,0:11:25.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,market system ever created in history.\NWhere more and more of the income is going
Dialogue: 0,0:11:25.53,0:11:32.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the owners of property. Physical\Nproperty, financial property, and
Dialogue: 0,0:11:32.14,0:11:39.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,intellectual property. We've had a\Nbreakdown of the income distribution
Dialogue: 0,0:11:39.73,0:11:48.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,system of the 20th century, it's broken.\NWages have been stagnating in all
Dialogue: 0,0:11:48.76,0:11:57.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,industrialized countries for three\Ndecades. Three decades! They are lower in
Dialogue: 0,0:11:57.64,0:12:06.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the United States in real wage terms than\Nthey were in the 1980s. The implications
Dialogue: 0,0:12:06.41,0:12:15.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are dramatic and above all we've got a new\Nglobal class structure that has taken
Dialogue: 0,0:12:15.11,0:12:20.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,shape. The class structure has a\Nplutocracy at the top. It's not the top
Dialogue: 0,0:12:20.79,0:12:28.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,1%, it's the top ZERO point one percent of\Nmultibillionaires striding the globe as
Dialogue: 0,0:12:28.99,0:12:36.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,global citizens, taking more and more\Nrental income. Take someone like Jeff
Dialogue: 0,0:12:36.97,0:12:48.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Bezos. His income has grown by four\Nhundred million dollars per WEEK this
Dialogue: 0,0:12:48.92,0:12:59.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,year. This is obscenity, multiplied. This\Nplutocracy of course now have a
Dialogue: 0,0:12:59.08,0:13:05.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,representative in the White House, as\Ntheir spokesperson. We have other
Dialogue: 0,0:13:05.81,0:13:11.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,plutocrats manipulating our politics,\Nmanipulating our technology, manipulating
Dialogue: 0,0:13:11.46,0:13:21.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our commons. These are the realities.\NBeneath the plutocracy is an elite who are
Dialogue: 0,0:13:21.08,0:13:26.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the servants of the plutocrats, who are\Nmaking many millions of dollars, euros,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:26.23,0:13:34.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,pounds or whatever and are servants. We\Ndon't have to feel sorry for them either.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:34.53,0:13:41.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Below them is the salariat. When I was a\Nstudent, we were told and we were taught
Dialogue: 0,0:13:41.42,0:13:48.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we believed that by the end of the\N20th century the vast majority of us would
Dialogue: 0,0:13:48.52,0:13:55.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,be part of the salariat with stable\Nsalaried employment, with pensions to look
Dialogue: 0,0:13:55.44,0:14:00.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,forward to, paid holidays, paid medical\Nleave, paid this, paid that, paid the
Dialogue: 0,0:14:00.65,0:14:07.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rest. The only problem is that the\Nsalariat has been shrinking everywhere in
Dialogue: 0,0:14:07.84,0:14:15.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the world. It won't disappear, but today\Nmany in the salariat worry about their
Dialogue: 0,0:14:15.75,0:14:24.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,daughters and their sons because they're\Nnot going into the salariat. Below the
Dialogue: 0,0:14:24.27,0:14:33.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,salariat, just, is what a group I call in\Nthe books the proficians, a combination of
Dialogue: 0,0:14:33.15,0:14:40.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,professionals and technicians. Many in\Nthis hall this morning are part of the
Dialogue: 0,0:14:40.55,0:14:49.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,proficians. But be careful: these people\Ndon't want full time stable jobs. They
Dialogue: 0,0:14:49.47,0:14:56.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,don't want to be saying "yes", "no" to a\Nboss. They're making good money, they're
Dialogue: 0,0:14:56.28,0:15:01.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rushing around with their laptops or what\Never over their shoulders. They're making
Dialogue: 0,0:15:01.74,0:15:07.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a lot of money. They're making a lot of\Nmoney and they are tending to be
Dialogue: 0,0:15:07.89,0:15:15.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,complacent. But they should worry about\Nburn out. They should worry about mental
Dialogue: 0,0:15:15.45,0:15:25.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,illness at age 28 and a half, or\Nthereabouts. The proficians are helping in
Dialogue: 0,0:15:25.04,0:15:30.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,identifying the technological and\Npolitical options for the future, they
Dialogue: 0,0:15:30.71,0:15:39.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have a responsibility. But they must not\Nlose that responsibility in an egotistic
Dialogue: 0,0:15:39.03,0:15:48.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,narcissistic pursuit, a private gain. It's\Na difficult balancing act. But they have a
Dialogue: 0,0:15:48.07,0:15:53.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,responsibility because they have the\Nskills, they have the knowledge, and they
Dialogue: 0,0:15:53.39,0:16:02.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,know what's going on. Beneath these\Ngroups: the old proletariat, disappearing
Dialogue: 0,0:16:02.16,0:16:07.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,everywhere. They were the ones that\Nestablished social democracy, the trade
Dialogue: 0,0:16:07.09,0:16:13.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,unions, collective bargaining, tripartism,\Nall the institutions of the International
Dialogue: 0,0:16:13.41,0:16:20.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Labor Organization. But today they are\Nshrinking everywhere, and along with them
Dialogue: 0,0:16:20.24,0:16:29.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,their political representatives are\Neffectively dead men walking. They are not
Dialogue: 0,0:16:29.27,0:16:36.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the future. They did many good things in\Nthe 20th century. I do not wish to
Dialogue: 0,0:16:36.26,0:16:43.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,disparage them in any way, but they are\Nnot the future. Beneath the precariat in
Dialogue: 0,0:16:43.64,0:16:51.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,terms of income is the precariat, beneath\Nthe proletariat is the precariat. The
Dialogue: 0,0:16:51.06,0:16:59.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,precariat can be defined in three\Ndimensions. The first dimension is that if
Dialogue: 0,0:16:59.70,0:17:06.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you're in a precariat you are being told\Nand you are being habituated to accept a
Dialogue: 0,0:17:06.75,0:17:19.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,life of unstable labour and insecure work.\NYou don't have an occupational narrative
Dialogue: 0,0:17:19.02,0:17:26.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to give to your life, an occupational\Nidentity. "I am something." You worry that
Dialogue: 0,0:17:26.24,0:17:31.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,tomorrow morning you'll have to be\Nsomething else. You also have to do a lot
Dialogue: 0,0:17:31.80,0:17:39.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of work for labour, work that is not\Nrecognised, not remunerated, not in our
Dialogue: 0,0:17:39.22,0:17:46.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,statistics, but you know you have to do\Nit, otherwise you will pay a price. And in
Dialogue: 0,0:17:46.83,0:17:53.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,being in the precariat you don't know the\Noptimum use of your time. Should I spend a
Dialogue: 0,0:17:53.64,0:17:59.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,little more time networking, doing this,\Nretraining, going to a conference, doing
Dialogue: 0,0:17:59.91,0:18:06.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this, doing that. Looking after my baby,\Npaying the rent. And therefore you suffer
Dialogue: 0,0:18:06.11,0:18:12.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from what I've called the precariatised\Nmind. The precariatised mind, when you're
Dialogue: 0,0:18:12.73,0:18:20.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,stressed, you're anxious all the time. You\Nput a good face on it, but every now and
Dialogue: 0,0:18:20.45,0:18:28.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then you see your friends collapsing in\None way or the other. That's how it feels
Dialogue: 0,0:18:28.81,0:18:36.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for many people. Every day I receive\Nemails from various people from various
Dialogue: 0,0:18:36.11,0:18:43.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,places who don't know me who want to\Nexplain their experience. Sometimes I get
Dialogue: 0,0:18:43.23,0:18:51.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,very angry, sometimes I feel like crying.\NBut the pain out there is part of the
Dialogue: 0,0:18:51.50,0:18:57.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,process of liberation as well. It's not\Njust a victimhood, it's about people
Dialogue: 0,0:18:57.66,0:19:06.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,trying to make sense. Of a life of\Ninsecurity. And another feature is that
Dialogue: 0,0:19:06.79,0:19:14.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people in the precariat tend to have a\Nlevel of agitation that is above the level
Dialogue: 0,0:19:14.19,0:19:22.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of labor they can expect to obtain. The\Nsecond dimension of the precariat is that
Dialogue: 0,0:19:22.41,0:19:29.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people in it have distinctive relations of\Ndistribution. What that means is they have
Dialogue: 0,0:19:29.13,0:19:35.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to rely very largely on money wages, money\Npayments. They don't get access to the
Dialogue: 0,0:19:35.94,0:19:42.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,prospect of pensions or paid holidays or\Npaid medical leave or subsidised this or
Dialogue: 0,0:19:42.78,0:19:51.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,subsidised that, they have to live on\Nwages. The only problem is that the value
Dialogue: 0,0:19:51.05,0:19:58.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of those wages is tending to go down and\Nthe volatility of their income is growing.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:58.63,0:20:05.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So basically the second aspect of this\Ndistributional question is that most
Dialogue: 0,0:20:05.61,0:20:14.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people in the precariat are living on the\Nlevel of unsustainable debt. One mistake,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:14.81,0:20:22.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one illness, one bad decision and you\Ncould be tipped out into the lumpen-
Dialogue: 0,0:20:22.80,0:20:31.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,precariat, outside society, without a\Nvoice. And of course at the same time the
Dialogue: 0,0:20:31.85,0:20:39.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,state has been changing its social\Nsecurity and social protection system
Dialogue: 0,0:20:39.29,0:20:45.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,towards more targeting on the poor. So\Nit's reduced the social solidarity of the
Dialogue: 0,0:20:45.35,0:20:52.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,social protection system, and this hits\Nthe precariat in a very big way. Because
Dialogue: 0,0:20:52.64,0:20:59.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,state benefits, welfare benefits, have\Nbeen shrinking and they've been means-
Dialogue: 0,0:20:59.03,0:21:04.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,tested and behaviour-tested, drifting to\NHartz 4 or the equivalent in other
Dialogue: 0,0:21:04.80,0:21:15.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,countries, where you're expected to\Nbehave as the state tells you to behave.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:15.41,0:21:20.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Not enough people realise what is\Nhappening down at that end of the labour
Dialogue: 0,0:21:20.11,0:21:30.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,market, the indignities that go with it.\NThe shame, the stigma, the poverty traps.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:30.80,0:21:35.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Whereby if you do get a benefit and you\Nthen have the offer of a low wage job,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:35.76,0:21:41.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you're losing as much in benefits as you\Nget from the low wage job. You're facing a
Dialogue: 0,0:21:41.55,0:21:49.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,marginal tax rate of 80% in Germany, 86%\Nin Denmark, 80% in Britain. If the middle
Dialogue: 0,0:21:49.99,0:21:57.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,classes had to accept such marginal tax\Nrates there would be riots in the street.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:57.73,0:22:07.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But that is what society expects of the\Nprecariat. It's NOT funny. And in
Dialogue: 0,0:22:07.74,0:22:14.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,addition, and what I think is most\Nimportantly about the precariat: it has
Dialogue: 0,0:22:14.85,0:22:25.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,distinctive relations to the state, the\Ninstitutions of society and governance.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:25.69,0:22:34.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The precariat is losing the rights of\Ncitizenship often without realising it,
Dialogue: 0,0:22:34.86,0:22:40.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they're losing cultural rights because\Nthey cannot belong to organizations that
Dialogue: 0,0:22:40.75,0:22:47.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,represent their cultural identity or\Naspirations. They're losing civil rights
Dialogue: 0,0:22:47.01,0:22:53.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because they cannot get access to due\Nprocess and legal justice. They're losing
Dialogue: 0,0:22:53.79,0:22:59.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,social rights because they don't have\Naccess to rights-based benefits and
Dialogue: 0,0:22:59.13,0:23:05.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,services. They're losing economic rights\Nbecause they cannot practice what they are
Dialogue: 0,0:23:05.21,0:23:14.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,perfectly qualified to do. And above all\Nthey're losing political rights because
Dialogue: 0,0:23:14.02,0:23:22.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they don't see out there politicians or\Npolitical parties that represent what they
Dialogue: 0,0:23:22.86,0:23:37.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are and what they want to be. Now in that\Ncontext I've described the precariat today
Dialogue: 0,0:23:37.06,0:23:49.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in an old Marxian term: it's a class in\Nthe making. Not yet a class for itself.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:49.04,0:23:57.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what I mean by that is that while\Nmillions of people share the objective
Dialogue: 0,0:23:57.01,0:24:04.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,characteristics of being in the precariat,\Nthey have different consciousness of what
Dialogue: 0,0:24:04.76,0:24:13.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it is. And you can divide the precariat\Ninto three groups. The first I call the
Dialogue: 0,0:24:13.56,0:24:23.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,atavists. These are those who do not have\Na lot of education, but their parents and
Dialogue: 0,0:24:23.32,0:24:29.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,their families and communities used to be\Nin the proletariat, used to have working
Dialogue: 0,0:24:29.52,0:24:37.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,class backgrounds of being dockers or\Nsteelworkers or car workers or whatever.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:37.84,0:24:46.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This group is relating their deprivation\Nof today to a lost Yesterday, real or
Dialogue: 0,0:24:46.80,0:24:56.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,imagined. That lost Yesterday they want\Nback. It's this group that supports the
Dialogue: 0,0:24:56.08,0:25:02.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Donald Trumps. It's this group that\Nsupported Brexit in Britain. It's this
Dialogue: 0,0:25:02.75,0:25:10.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,group that supports the Marine Le Pen's,\Nthe Orbans and the equivalent in Germany
Dialogue: 0,0:25:10.68,0:25:21.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and elsewhere. This group supported the\NLiga in Italy. You can name right wing
Dialogue: 0,0:25:21.04,0:25:29.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,populist groups. There's good news and bad\Nnews. The bad news here is that they are
Dialogue: 0,0:25:29.56,0:25:40.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,proving to be profoundly strong. We risk\Ntoday that that group could lead us into a
Dialogue: 0,0:25:40.89,0:25:51.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,new dark political future, characterized\Nby demonizing migrants and minorities,
Dialogue: 0,0:25:51.49,0:26:03.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,authoritarian tendencies, destructive,\Nvile outcomes. But there's good news. In
Dialogue: 0,0:26:03.21,0:26:10.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,my view, they have reached their peak in\Nterms of size. Many are getting older of
Dialogue: 0,0:26:10.37,0:26:18.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that type, and they will not lead the\Nother two groups in the same direction.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:18.44,0:26:26.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The second group in the precariat are what\NI call the Nostalgics. These are made up
Dialogue: 0,0:26:26.85,0:26:34.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the migrants, the minorities, the\Ndisabled, people who feel they have no
Dialogue: 0,0:26:34.77,0:26:41.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sense of home. They don't have a home\Nthere, they don't have a home here, but
Dialogue: 0,0:26:41.55,0:26:49.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they dream of a home. This group knows\Nit's losing rights, it's being demonized,
Dialogue: 0,0:26:49.34,0:26:56.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's being victimized. But they will not\Nsupport a neofascist populism. They keep
Dialogue: 0,0:26:56.49,0:27:00.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,their heads down because they have to\Nsurvive. Every now and then, there are
Dialogue: 0,0:27:00.89,0:27:08.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,days of rage when everything gets too\Nmuch, but this group is LOOKING for a
Dialogue: 0,0:27:08.02,0:27:16.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,home. It's LOOKING for a future. Its\Nrelative deprivation is: it's got a lost
Dialogue: 0,0:27:16.07,0:27:23.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,now. The first group a lost past, the\Nsecond group a lost now. The third group
Dialogue: 0,0:27:23.38,0:27:32.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the precariat are what I call the\Nprogressives. These are the millions of
Dialogue: 0,0:27:32.45,0:27:38.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people who went to college, went to\Nuniversity and were told by their parents
Dialogue: 0,0:27:38.15,0:27:46.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and by their teachers: go to university\Nand you will get a future! A future! A
Dialogue: 0,0:27:46.36,0:27:55.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,career, status, influence, dignity. And\Nthey come out of university and college
Dialogue: 0,0:27:55.43,0:28:06.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,knowing they don't have that future. All\Nthey have are debts, disillusions, and
Dialogue: 0,0:28:06.12,0:28:13.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,difficulties. This group is entering the\Nprecariat. It will not support neofascist
Dialogue: 0,0:28:13.76,0:28:25.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,populism, it is looking for a future. It\Nis looking for a new politics of paradise.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:25.32,0:28:33.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are many people at this conference I\Nbelieve are in this third part. The bad
Dialogue: 0,0:28:33.58,0:28:43.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,news is they've been dismissing politics\Nbecause they know very wisely that it's
Dialogue: 0,0:28:43.37,0:28:51.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,being cynically manipulated by the\Nplutocrats and by others, and therefore
Dialogue: 0,0:28:51.43,0:28:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they have detached themselves from\Npolitics. The trouble with that is that it
Dialogue: 0,0:28:57.00,0:29:05.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,surrenders the ground to the others with a\Nregressive, antidemocratic, anti-
Dialogue: 0,0:29:05.51,0:29:16.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,enlightenment perspective. But the good\Nnews is this: since the crisis of 2008 and
Dialogue: 0,0:29:16.44,0:29:23.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,particularly since the Occupy movement and\Nthe Arab Spring in 2011 and the Indignado
Dialogue: 0,0:29:23.74,0:29:32.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,movement, more of this third part of the\Nprecariat are reengaging with politics.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:32.04,0:29:40.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're reengaging in different ways,\Nbeginning to forge an agenda for that
Dialogue: 0,0:29:40.49,0:29:51.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,future. And I believe that if you take a\Nhistorical perspective, then I only wish I
Dialogue: 0,0:29:51.60,0:30:04.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were 21. I would love to be 21 because if\Nyou are 21, you have a vacuum, you have an
Dialogue: 0,0:30:04.48,0:30:14.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,opportunity to forge a fundamentally\Nenlightenment-led future. Let me give you
Dialogue: 0,0:30:14.38,0:30:23.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by way of conclusion a few thoughts on\Nwhat that might be. The thoughts are
Dialogue: 0,0:30:23.48,0:30:32.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these: today are income distribution\Nsystem is broken. We can't put yesterday
Dialogue: 0,0:30:32.40,0:30:40.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,back. Therefore we have to build a new\Nincome distribution system. We will not
Dialogue: 0,0:30:40.27,0:30:47.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,get anywhere by trying to raise wages. But\Nwe WILL get somewhere if we decide that
Dialogue: 0,0:30:47.52,0:30:56.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what society has to do is recycle the rent\Nfrom the technocrats, the financiers and
Dialogue: 0,0:30:56.92,0:31:07.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the property owners to the commons, to the\Ncommoners. We must build that distribution
Dialogue: 0,0:31:07.46,0:31:17.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,system by returning to the values of the\Nenlightenment, of egalité, liberté,
Dialogue: 0,0:31:17.77,0:31:26.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,fraternité or solidarité. And to do that,\NI strongly believe that one part of this
Dialogue: 0,0:31:26.22,0:31:33.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,new income distribution system should be a\Nbasic income that everybody has as a
Dialogue: 0,0:31:33.71,0:31:44.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,right.\N{\i1}applause{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:31:44.76,0:31:52.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I have had the privilege of working for\Nthis for thirty years since before BIEN.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:52.03,0:31:56.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Anybody can join BIEN, we have many\NGermans who are part of it. We have
Dialogue: 0,0:31:56.92,0:32:02.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,thousands and thousands of people who are\Nmembers. For many years we were regarded
Dialogue: 0,0:32:02.86,0:32:10.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as crazy, mad, bad and dangerous, but\Nsuddenly in the last few years we've
Dialogue: 0,0:32:10.33,0:32:20.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,suddenly become respectable, at least\Ntolerated. I've had the privilege of
Dialogue: 0,0:32:20.62,0:32:29.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,designing and conducting basic income\Npilots in four continents, the biggest
Dialogue: 0,0:32:29.81,0:32:37.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,being in India. Anybody who's interested:\NI've written a book, "Basic income: and
Dialogue: 0,0:32:37.08,0:32:43.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how we can make it happen". But let me\Njust tell you what happened in India, a
Dialogue: 0,0:32:43.38,0:32:50.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,country that's poor, a country that\Npoverty is terrifying. And when we decided
Dialogue: 0,0:32:50.87,0:32:56.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we would do it, and we mobilized money, we\Nprovided 6000 people, men, women and
Dialogue: 0,0:32:56.29,0:33:02.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,children, with basic income. Sonia Gandhi\Ntold us, herself, she said you're wasting
Dialogue: 0,0:33:02.94,0:33:13.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the money, they're wasted on drink and\Ndrugs. Two years later, after we had done
Dialogue: 0,0:33:13.92,0:33:19.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the pilot and seen what had happened, she\Ncalled us back to our house and she said
Dialogue: 0,0:33:19.62,0:33:26.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,she wished she had known. What happened\Nwas that when they started receiving the
Dialogue: 0,0:33:26.32,0:33:31.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,basic income they did what all of us in\Nthis room would do. They started giving
Dialogue: 0,0:33:31.79,0:33:37.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,their children better food, so nutrition\Nimproved, health of the children improved,
Dialogue: 0,0:33:37.60,0:33:44.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,schooling improved, health and nutrition\Nof others, adults, improved. People with
Dialogue: 0,0:33:44.92,0:33:52.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,disabilities suddenly had a basic income\Nwith which they could be citizens. Womens'
Dialogue: 0,0:33:52.91,0:34:04.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,status improved, sanitation in the\Nvillages improved. Work increased,
Dialogue: 0,0:34:04.43,0:34:11.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,production increased. If you go to those\Nvillages today, you would have seen a
Dialogue: 0,0:34:11.72,0:34:21.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,transformation. Now that happened in a\Npoor place. We also did it in Africa,
Dialogue: 0,0:34:21.10,0:34:26.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where very similar results were showing.\NWe've now got pilots in Canada and some
Dialogue: 0,0:34:26.98,0:34:32.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,hopefully launched soon in Scotland, and\Nthe opposition leadership in Britain has
Dialogue: 0,0:34:32.78,0:34:40.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,asked me to prepare a plan for doing it in\NBritain. If you had told me 10 years ago
Dialogue: 0,0:34:40.18,0:34:46.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that any of those things would have\Nhappened, I would have said I must have
Dialogue: 0,0:34:46.13,0:34:54.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,had something to smoke or drink, because I\Nmust be hallucinating. But change can come
Dialogue: 0,0:34:54.71,0:35:05.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,quicker than we think. It is up to US. I\Nwant to tell you one story. I still have a
Dialogue: 0,0:35:05.07,0:35:10.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,few minutes, I hope, I thought... is\Nthat... what's that figure? I don't know,
Dialogue: 0,0:35:10.91,0:35:20.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but I'm going to tell the story. When we\Nwere launching the pilot in India, we went
Dialogue: 0,0:35:20.50,0:35:29.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to one village and all the young women had\Nveils. And we had to have their photo
Dialogue: 0,0:35:29.67,0:35:36.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,taken for the cards, so that they could\Nget their monthly basic income, and we had
Dialogue: 0,0:35:36.49,0:35:42.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to persuade them to go into a hut with\Nother women to have their photos taken. 9
Dialogue: 0,0:35:42.50,0:35:48.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or 10 months later I went back to that\Nparticular village and I said to one of my
Dialogue: 0,0:35:48.01,0:35:55.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Indian colleagues, I said, "Have you\Nnoticed a difference here?" He said, "No,
Dialogue: 0,0:35:55.85,0:36:04.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,no." I said, "What difference?" He said,\N"Nothing, perhaps better sanitation."
Dialogue: 0,0:36:04.55,0:36:13.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"No," I said, "None of the women are\Nwearing veils." He said: "Yeah!". So we
Dialogue: 0,0:36:13.04,0:36:18.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,called some of the women across and we\Nsaid, "Look, excuse us, but you wore
Dialogue: 0,0:36:18.91,0:36:25.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,veils, you're not wearing veils now. Why?"\NThey were shy. They didn't want to speak
Dialogue: 0,0:36:25.91,0:36:30.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to a foreigner and so on. But after a\Nwhile one of the young women spoke up and
Dialogue: 0,0:36:30.87,0:36:40.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,she said, "You know, before we had to do\Nwhat the elders told us to do. Now we have
Dialogue: 0,0:36:40.88,0:36:48.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a basic income, we can do\Nwhat we want to do.
Dialogue: 0,0:36:48.09,0:36:57.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\i1}applause{\i0}\NStanding: And there is an e– there is an
Dialogue: 0,0:36:57.19,0:37:05.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even more poignant story in our Namibian\Npilot. At the end of that one I went to
Dialogue: 0,0:37:05.21,0:37:10.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one of the villages and I asked some young\Nwomen. I said, "What was the best thing
Dialogue: 0,0:37:10.61,0:37:18.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about having a basic income, what was the\Nbest thing?" They talked to each other,
Dialogue: 0,0:37:18.64,0:37:25.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,giggled, you know, again, talking to a\Nforeigner and so on. And then one of the
Dialogue: 0,0:37:25.25,0:37:32.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,young women said, "You know, before, when\Nthe men came down from the fields at the
Dialogue: 0,0:37:32.88,0:37:45.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,end of the month, with their wages in\Ntheir pockets, we had to say: 'Yes'. Now
Dialogue: 0,0:37:45.23,0:37:55.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we have our basic income. We say 'No'."\NThat's emancipation. And if you can put an
Dialogue: 0,0:37:55.40,0:38:01.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,analogy in Germany or Britain or anywhere\Nelse, you will find that this ability to
Dialogue: 0,0:38:01.42,0:38:08.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,say 'No' to exploitation and oppression is\Na fundamental part about a progressive
Dialogue: 0,0:38:08.11,0:38:16.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,agenda for the 21st century. We have to\Nfind a way of liberating people to say
Dialogue: 0,0:38:16.79,0:38:25.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,'No' and also to say 'Yes', to say 'Yes'\Nto the ability to help people to do
Dialogue: 0,0:38:25.21,0:38:35.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,things, to care, to participate in the\Necological aspects of life. And I think it
Dialogue: 0,0:38:35.04,0:38:47.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will help in both respects. In that\Ncontext, let me conclude by saying: a
Dialogue: 0,0:38:47.28,0:38:55.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,basic income is not a panacea. It must be\Npart of a new system. We need new forms of
Dialogue: 0,0:38:55.42,0:39:03.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,voice. We need new forms of work. We need\Nto realize today the new technologies are
Dialogue: 0,0:39:03.30,0:39:14.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,potentially liberating us to escape from\Nlabour, so that we can do more work. Most
Dialogue: 0,0:39:14.35,0:39:22.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,languages distinguishes the difference but\Nonly in the 20th century were we stupid
Dialogue: 0,0:39:22.55,0:39:34.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,enough to think only labour counts as\Nwork. I have never worked harder than
Dialogue: 0,0:39:34.42,0:39:40.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,since I stopped doing labour, since I\Nstopped having a job.
Dialogue: 0,0:39:40.61,0:39:46.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\i1}applause{\i0}\NStanding: And what we have to do, what we
Dialogue: 0,0:39:46.82,0:39:54.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have to do, is convince the politicians\Nand the social scientists that they should
Dialogue: 0,0:39:54.35,0:40:02.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,change their thinking about what is work\Nand what is not work. Every feminist—and
Dialogue: 0,0:40:02.06,0:40:08.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we should all be feminists—every feminist\Nshould be demanding that they change their
Dialogue: 0,0:40:08.05,0:40:15.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,concepts, because it means that most of\Nthe work women do doesn't count as work.
Dialogue: 0,0:40:15.91,0:40:20.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's ridiculous, it's sexist,\Nit's arbitrary.
Dialogue: 0,0:40:20.16,0:40:30.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\i1}applause{\i0}\NFor me, this has given a new dimension
Dialogue: 0,0:40:30.82,0:40:34.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because of the growth of the precariat,\Nbecause if you're in the precariat you
Dialogue: 0,0:40:34.04,0:40:41.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,know you have to do a lot of work. A lot\Nof work. And you're treated as if you're
Dialogue: 0,0:40:41.54,0:40:51.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,being lazy. But there's another wonderful\Nopportunity here. We all know or should
Dialogue: 0,0:40:51.35,0:41:00.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,know that we are threatened by extinction.\NExtinction that comes from the greenhouse
Dialogue: 0,0:41:00.07,0:41:06.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,gas emissions, the pollution, the erosion\Nof the commons, the privatization of our
Dialogue: 0,0:41:06.37,0:41:17.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,spaces, our loss of nature, our loss of an\Necological landscape. We know that. It's
Dialogue: 0,0:41:17.53,0:41:23.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the number one crisis charging towards us.\NWe didn't need the panel of climate change
Dialogue: 0,0:41:23.23,0:41:29.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to tell us that, but we know it. And what\Nare we doing? We've just seen in Poland,
Dialogue: 0,0:41:29.94,0:41:39.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,hardly anything. We need big carbon taxes.\NBig carbon taxes.
Dialogue: 0,0:41:39.34,0:41:45.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\i1}applause{\i0}\NBut there are two problems. There are two
Dialogue: 0,0:41:45.36,0:41:55.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,problems. First, taxes are unpopular. And\Nsecond, if you just put a carbon tax, it
Dialogue: 0,0:41:55.98,0:42:02.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,would worsen inequality. Because the poor\Nperson pays proportionately more than the
Dialogue: 0,0:42:02.38,0:42:13.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rich person. Therefore we need to combine\Ncarbon taxes with carbon dividends. So
Dialogue: 0,0:42:13.79,0:42:21.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the proceeds of carbon taxes are\Nrecycled. I think most of you can work it
Dialogue: 0,0:42:21.07,0:42:28.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,out where I'm ending this discussion.\NRecycled as basic incomes. The carbon tax
Dialogue: 0,0:42:28.89,0:42:37.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can pay for a large part of a basic income\Nfuture, and therefore this perspective
Dialogue: 0,0:42:37.03,0:42:43.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,leads to you thinking: we can advance the\Ncause of ecological survival, advance the
Dialogue: 0,0:42:43.86,0:42:51.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,cause of security, advance the cause of\Nemancipation and do what every
Dialogue: 0,0:42:51.11,0:43:01.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,transformative class should do. The\Nprecariat is a transformative class
Dialogue: 0,0:43:01.28,0:43:09.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it wants, intuitively, to abolish\Nthe conditions that define its existence.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:09.71,0:43:18.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And therefore—abolish itself. We can do\Nit. Thank you very much.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:18.43,0:43:40.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\i1}applause{\i0}\NHerald: Thanks very much. They say on
Dialogue: 0,0:43:40.97,0:43:45.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Congress every time, every year we have a\Nsystem that we don't want to use anymore,
Dialogue: 0,0:43:45.44,0:43:50.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think it's capitalism.\N{\i1}laughter{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:43:50.05,0:43:55.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\i1}applause{\i0}\NHerald: We're going to hold a Q&A
Dialogue: 0,0:43:55.04,0:44:00.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,including your questions from the\NInternet. There are six microphones
Dialogue: 0,0:44:00.39,0:44:08.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,scattered around the room, so if anybody\Nwants to ask a question in public, we'll
Dialogue: 0,0:44:08.08,0:44:14.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,start this now. And we'll start with mic\Nsix over there.
Dialogue: 0,0:44:14.97,0:44:19.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Question: Brilliant. So...\NStanding: Where is mike six?
Dialogue: 0,0:44:19.58,0:44:21.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Q: Here.\NHerald: Mike six is over there.
Dialogue: 0,0:44:21.21,0:44:27.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Standing: OK. Hello. So\NQ: Hi, I was wondering... you mentioned
Dialogue: 0,0:44:27.27,0:44:34.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,basic income and you connected it with\Ncarbon taxes. I was wondering what other
Dialogue: 0,0:44:34.10,0:44:43.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,strategies you're thinking towards\Ntackling other systemic issues we have,
Dialogue: 0,0:44:43.26,0:44:50.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,especially in regards to land, which to\Nme– you mentioned different types of
Dialogue: 0,0:44:50.51,0:44:58.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,property. But the thing that land today is\Nthe proxy to access to all the other
Dialogue: 0,0:44:58.13,0:45:03.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,values. So...\NStanding: Shall I answer that one?
Dialogue: 0,0:45:03.88,0:45:06.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Herald: Yes.\NStanding: Okay, thank you very much. I've
Dialogue: 0,0:45:06.98,0:45:12.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,got a new book coming out to make me more\Nboring. It's called "Plunder of the
Dialogue: 0,0:45:12.04,0:45:19.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Commons". And basically, what you've\Ntouched on is the theme of this book. If
Dialogue: 0,0:45:19.61,0:45:26.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you think of the commons, the natural\Ncommons, the social commons, the civil
Dialogue: 0,0:45:26.71,0:45:35.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,commons, all our commons including land,\Nwater, the air, our amenities and so on.
Dialogue: 0,0:45:35.66,0:45:43.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We've allowed the privatization and\Ncolonization of the commons to take profit
Dialogue: 0,0:45:43.06,0:45:49.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from our commons, and therefore we need a\Nsystem of levies to say: Hey, we want the
Dialogue: 0,0:45:49.99,0:45:56.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rental income back for the commoners, and\Nthat includes land. That's why I strongly
Dialogue: 0,0:45:56.26,0:46:04.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,favor a Land Value Tax. A Land Value Tax\Nis a very efficient tax and it has to be
Dialogue: 0,0:46:04.18,0:46:10.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,part of building this commons fund along\Nthe Alaska Permanent Fund. Principles of
Dialogue: 0,0:46:10.67,0:46:15.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,those... you're all familiar with that. We\Nalso need it for water, for air, for
Dialogue: 0,0:46:15.68,0:46:23.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,digital information. I don't believe\Ntaxing robots, as Bill Gates proposes, is
Dialogue: 0,0:46:23.93,0:46:29.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the answer. What I do believe is we should\Nput a levy on all the information that
Dialogue: 0,0:46:29.19,0:46:35.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Amazon and Facebook and the others are\Ntaking from us free and making billions.
Dialogue: 0,0:46:35.92,0:46:38.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We should have a levy on that,\N{\i1}applause{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:46:38.83,0:46:43.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Standing: ... and the levy the levy should\Ngo to everybody equally. Because you
Dialogue: 0,0:46:43.60,0:46:49.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,cannot attribute the profits they're\Nmaking to any individual. We have to give
Dialogue: 0,0:46:49.20,0:46:55.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it to everybody. And if we do that we are\Nall the time building the fund that can
Dialogue: 0,0:46:55.47,0:47:00.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,help pay out towards a decent basic\Nincome. So that's my answer to your
Dialogue: 0,0:47:00.96,0:47:07.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,question.\NHerald: Thanks very much. Mic four.
Dialogue: 0,0:47:07.47,0:47:14.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Q: Hi, thank you for being here. Great\Npleasure. Just recently, Sahra Wagenknecht
Dialogue: 0,0:47:14.29,0:47:20.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was invited in a talkshow about basic\Nincome and future of work. She's the
Dialogue: 0,0:47:20.52,0:47:26.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,leader of the German party The Left, "Die\NLinke". She said that she don't like the
Dialogue: 0,0:47:26.04,0:47:33.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,idea of basic income. Her two arguments\Nare she don't like it. Regarding merchant
Dialogue: 0,0:47:33.05,0:47:39.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,neoliberal powers, they also like the idea\Nof basic income. For example the CEO of
Dialogue: 0,0:47:39.08,0:47:45.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Volkswagen and other big players and\Nsecond, she said if you move to a basic
Dialogue: 0,0:47:45.99,0:47:52.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,income, we will lose a lot of—we, as\Nsociety—will lose a lot of protection and
Dialogue: 0,0:47:52.11,0:48:00.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,social benefits. What would be your\Nreaction on her opinion?
Dialogue: 0,0:48:00.02,0:48:06.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Standing: I address this question in my\Nbasic income book in the following way:
Dialogue: 0,0:48:06.53,0:48:17.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,every new idea in history, in social\Npolicy in particular, has been greeted, at
Dialogue: 0,0:48:17.55,0:48:24.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the time, by people saying it will\Nthreaten something else and that it will
Dialogue: 0,0:48:24.98,0:48:31.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,lead to unintended negative consequences.\NThey said this about unemployment
Dialogue: 0,0:48:31.51,0:48:37.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,benefits. They said it about family\Nbenefits. And then, when it's introduced,
Dialogue: 0,0:48:37.100,0:48:50.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,suddenly the objections go away. To me, I\Nasked myself the following question: Do I
Dialogue: 0,0:48:50.91,0:49:00.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,want that person, or that person, or the\Nperson I meet in the street... do I want
Dialogue: 0,0:49:00.23,0:49:09.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that person to have the basic security of\Nbeing able to pay for food, to pay for
Dialogue: 0,0:49:09.11,0:49:17.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,their rent, and to buy decent clothes? Do\NI want that? And I say very easily to
Dialogue: 0,0:49:17.95,0:49:25.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,myself: yes! I want that! Don't tell me\Nthat it's going to be a threat to
Dialogue: 0,0:49:25.35,0:49:33.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,something else if that person has basic\Nsecurity! Why is it, that so many social
Dialogue: 0,0:49:33.58,0:49:41.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,democrats make this argument? I've\Nconfronted many, including one major trade
Dialogue: 0,0:49:41.58,0:49:47.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,union leader. I said, "why are you so\Nhostile to having people base– have basic
Dialogue: 0,0:49:47.25,0:49:56.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,income? Why?" And the man who was chairing\Nthe session when I was talking, he said,
Dialogue: 0,0:49:56.69,0:50:02.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I think we'll have a coffee break now"\Nbefore anybody could answer and when we
Dialogue: 0,0:50:02.54,0:50:08.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,came back he said "Well now we'll move on\Nto the next session" and the trade union
Dialogue: 0,0:50:08.74,0:50:15.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,leader at the back stood up and he said\N"No, I think we should answer the
Dialogue: 0,0:50:15.30,0:50:23.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,question". And he said "you know I think\Nthe answer is, that if people had basic
Dialogue: 0,0:50:23.54,0:50:33.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,security, they wouldn't be dependent on\Nus. They wouldn't join trade unions" and I
Dialogue: 0,0:50:33.69,0:50:36.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,looked at him.\N{\i1}applause{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:50:36.31,0:50:43.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I looked at him and I said "just imagine\Nthe morality of what you've just said. The
Dialogue: 0,0:50:43.91,0:50:51.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,morality is, you want people to be fearful\Nand insecure, because you want to gain." I
Dialogue: 0,0:50:51.37,0:50:57.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,said "But you're also wrong. Because\Nyou're wrong in the following respect:
Dialogue: 0,0:50:57.52,0:51:04.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people who are insecure and frightened\Ndon't engage in politics they don't engage
Dialogue: 0,0:51:04.16,0:51:11.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in society. They've got too many things to\Nworry about. If they have basic security,
Dialogue: 0,0:51:11.62,0:51:17.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they're more likely to stand up and fight\Nfor rights, more likely to stand up and
Dialogue: 0,0:51:17.18,0:51:25.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,fight for the ecology, more likely to be\Ngood citizens. Why don't you trust people
Dialogue: 0,0:51:25.23,0:51:34.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,more? Why are you so bureaucratic and\Ndistrustful? Believe it. We need a new
Dialogue: 0,0:51:34.34,0:51:40.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,distribution system. And don't tell me\Nneo-liberalism is going to destroy it.
Dialogue: 0,0:51:40.94,0:51:47.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're destroying what we've got anyhow.\NWe can do better than that and if you
Dialogue: 0,0:51:47.00,0:51:53.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,deny, you—people who say this not you, but\Npeople who say that—you are denying the
Dialogue: 0,0:51:53.68,0:51:59.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,enlightenment freedoms that we should be\Nfighting for! So I say, stop being so
Dialogue: 0,0:51:59.07,0:52:05.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,negative, to those people. Sorry. I was a\Nbit angry but apologized.
Dialogue: 0,0:52:05.74,0:52:11.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\i1}applause{\i0}\NHerald: {\i1}laughs{\i0} you've got all reason to.
Dialogue: 0,0:52:11.23,0:52:16.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A question from the Internet.\NInternet: There was a popular vote in
Dialogue: 0,0:52:16.02,0:52:20.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Switzerland on basic income and it was\Nmassively rejected. How do you analyse
Dialogue: 0,0:52:20.08,0:52:23.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that, what should be the way forward, and\Nhow can we {\i1}inaudible{\i0} against the
Dialogue: 0,0:52:23.92,0:52:30.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,globalists who oppose basic income?\NStanding: I ... again address that
Dialogue: 0,0:52:30.41,0:52:37.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,particular referendum. I participated in\Nthe referendum. We had no money. We
Dialogue: 0,0:52:37.52,0:52:42.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,mobilized a hundred twenty five thousand\Nsignatures, literally going in the
Dialogue: 0,0:52:42.44,0:52:47.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,streets. All the banks were putting up\Nmoney. The main political parties were
Dialogue: 0,0:52:47.73,0:52:54.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,opposed, etc. But we were doing\Nfantastically well. We got up to about 40
Dialogue: 0,0:52:54.48,0:53:01.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,percent opinion poll support {\i1}applause{\i0}\Nand then one of our leaders, one of our
Dialogue: 0,0:53:01.20,0:53:07.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,leaders without permission from any of us,\Nwent on television and an interviewer
Dialogue: 0,0:53:07.77,0:53:14.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,asked him, he said "Well how much do you\Nthink the basic income should be?" and the
Dialogue: 0,0:53:14.09,0:53:19.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,man, instead of saying it's up to\Nparliament and everything, which is what
Dialogue: 0,0:53:19.30,0:53:25.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the referendum said, he said it should be\Ntwo thousand five hundred Swiss francs per
Dialogue: 0,0:53:25.53,0:53:33.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,month. Which, for your information, is\Nconsiderably higher than all the rural
Dialogue: 0,0:53:33.65,0:53:41.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,areas, the rural cantons, in Switzerland.\NAt that moment we lost the referendum. We
Dialogue: 0,0:53:41.95,0:53:49.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,lost. I'm proud of the fact that in Geneva\Nwe got 38 percent. And that was where I
Dialogue: 0,0:53:49.41,0:53:53.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was campaigning—it had nothing to do with\Nme, but the fact was that they had more
Dialogue: 0,0:53:53.36,0:53:59.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,meetings and more people could understand\Nwhat the politics were. But the greatest
Dialogue: 0,0:53:59.08,0:54:05.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,thing about that referendum is that today\Npeople in Switzerland in the auberges, the
Dialogue: 0,0:54:05.10,0:54:14.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,cafes, they're talking about basic income,\Nthey know what it means. I gave a talk
Dialogue: 0,0:54:14.05,0:54:21.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,recently in a big theater in Geneva. There\Nwere hundreds and hundreds of people. Many
Dialogue: 0,0:54:21.81,0:54:27.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of those had not participated. If there is\Nanother referendum I think it will
Dialogue: 0,0:54:27.13,0:54:36.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,succeed. Switzerland has a history of even\Nvery mild ideas losing in the first
Dialogue: 0,0:54:36.15,0:54:41.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,referendum and then a few years later a\Nsecond referendum, they pass. So I'm
Dialogue: 0,0:54:41.49,0:54:50.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,actually optimistic that it will come in\NSwitzerland—but not 2500.
Dialogue: 0,0:54:50.50,0:54:56.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Herald: Thank you. Mic six again.\NMic 6: I think a lot of the ideas you
Dialogue: 0,0:54:56.60,0:55:03.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,presented here are, like, respected in the\Ncommunity and the Congress. But how can we
Dialogue: 0,0:55:03.01,0:55:09.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,change the society? How can we change the\Nmind of all the other people to also
Dialogue: 0,0:55:09.18,0:55:16.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,considers these ideas to transform to a\Nnew society?
Dialogue: 0,0:55:16.34,0:55:25.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Standing: I think this is the biggest\Nquestion you could ask. I strongly believe
Dialogue: 0,0:55:25.28,0:55:36.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that it's up to us. It really is up to us.\NPoliticians have spaghetti in backbones.
Dialogue: 0,0:55:36.60,0:55:44.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Our job is to strengthen the spaghetti.\NOur job is to desplain why dreaming of the
Dialogue: 0,0:55:44.84,0:55:54.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,impossible leads to it becoming possible,\Nand then happening. I believe that we have
Dialogue: 0,0:55:54.56,0:56:04.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to be taking part in any small way we can.\NI will tell you a secret. Yesterday a very
Dialogue: 0,0:56:04.06,0:56:10.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,good friend of mine, an economist, very\Nwell-known economist. He contacted me and
Dialogue: 0,0:56:10.69,0:56:16.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we were talking and he said : "Guy, why\Nare you wasting your time going to
Dialogue: 0,0:56:16.04,0:56:24.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Leipzig? On December the 27th, when you\Nshould be having relaxation with
Dialogue: 0,0:56:24.35,0:56:36.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Christmas?" and I said "John, that's not\Nit. I hope that just one person, just one,
Dialogue: 0,0:56:36.78,0:56:45.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will leave this room, with more energy and\Nwith more thought than when I started.
Dialogue: 0,0:56:45.52,0:56:53.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Just one." That would be worth coming to\NLeipzig. I feel energized. I hope somebody
Dialogue: 0,0:56:53.19,0:56:58.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,here feels energized. We have to realise\Nthat it is up to us. We have no excuse for
Dialogue: 0,0:56:58.79,0:57:08.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,cynicism. We have to challenge the Trumps.\NWe can't let them win. For our children
Dialogue: 0,0:57:08.66,0:57:21.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and grandchildren, we can't let them win.\N{\i1}applause{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:57:21.33,0:57:25.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Herald: Thank you very much. I think\Nyou'll be around for more questions. We're
Dialogue: 0,0:57:25.71,0:57:31.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,out of time, sorry, but you can ask those\Nquestions directly and I think they will
Dialogue: 0,0:57:31.100,0:57:36.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,be answered in great length.\NStanding: Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:57:36.14,0:57:41.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\i1}35c3 postroll music{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:57:41.38,0:57:59.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,subtitles created by c3subtitles.de\Nin the year 2019. Join, and help us!