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One of the problems with corruption is
that sometimes you get the wrong outputs,

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the wrong kinds of output.

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Let's compare two kinds 
of government projects.

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The first kind of project is local,
small-scale, labor-intensive.

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Imagine educating children in a village.

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The second kind of project
is very glamorous.

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It's capital-intensive.

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It has a lot of hard-to-value
inputs and outputs.

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Imagine, for instance,
government building a large dam.

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With which kind of project
is it easier to skim money off the top?

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Well, when the inputs
of the project are opaque,

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when the project lacks transparency,

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and when there are large expenditures
running both in and out of the project,

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in that case, it's probably easier
to have bribery and corruption.

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So what's the result of this?

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A lot of governments will build
too many large-scale capital projects

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with hard-to-value inputs and outputs

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and perhaps too few small-scale,
local labor-intensive outputs,

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such as educating children in a village.

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And again, this is a distortion
driven by corruption.

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This argument comes from a paper
called "Corruption"

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by Shleifer and Vishny.