[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:01.04,0:00:04.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm here to offer you\Na new way to think about my field,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:04.82,0:00:06.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,artificial intelligence.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:06.61,0:00:08.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think the purpose of AI
Dialogue: 0,0:00:08.64,0:00:12.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is to empower humans\Nwith machine intelligence.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.29,0:00:15.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And as machines get smarter,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.76,0:00:17.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we get smarter.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.91,0:00:20.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I call this "humanistic AI" --
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.44,0:00:24.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,artificial intelligence\Ndesigned to meet human needs
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.14,0:00:27.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by collaborating and augmenting people.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:28.15,0:00:30.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, today I'm happy to see
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.08,0:00:32.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the idea of an intelligent assistant
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.28,0:00:33.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is mainstream.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:33.78,0:00:38.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's the well-accepted metaphor\Nfor the interface between humans and AI.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.56,0:00:42.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the one I helped create\Nis called Siri.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.96,0:00:44.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know Siri.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.13,0:00:46.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Siri is the thing that knows your intent
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.80,0:00:48.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and helps you do it for you,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.87,0:00:50.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,helps you get things done.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.39,0:00:52.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But what you might not know\Nis that we designed Siri
Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.64,0:00:55.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as humanistic AI,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.64,0:00:58.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to augment people\Nwith a conversational interface
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.83,0:01:02.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that made it possible for them\Nto use mobile computing,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.31,0:01:05.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,regardless of who they were\Nand their abilities.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.81,0:01:08.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now for most of us,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.42,0:01:11.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the impact of this technology
Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.22,0:01:13.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is to make things\Na little bit easier to use.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.92,0:01:16.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But for my friend Daniel,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.35,0:01:20.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the impact of the AI\Nin these systems is a life changer.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.22,0:01:26.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You see, Daniel is a really social guy,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.07,0:01:27.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he's blind and quadriplegic,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:28.61,0:01:32.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which makes it hard to use those devices\Nthat we all take for granted.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.50,0:01:34.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The last time I was at his house,\Nhis brother said,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.96,0:01:36.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Hang on a second, Daniel's not ready.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.84,0:01:39.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He's on the phone with a woman\Nhe met online."
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.25,0:01:42.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm like, "That's cool, how'd he do it?"
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.28,0:01:45.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, Daniel uses Siri\Nto manage his own social life --
Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.73,0:01:48.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,his email, text and phone --
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.70,0:01:51.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,without depending on his caregivers.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.50,0:01:54.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is kind of interesting, right?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.26,0:01:55.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The irony here is great.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.60,0:01:58.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here's the man whose relationship with AI
Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.52,0:02:01.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,helps him have relationships\Nwith genuine human beings.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.80,0:02:05.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this is humanistic AI.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.40,0:02:09.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Another example with\Nlife-changing consequences
Dialogue: 0,0:02:09.83,0:02:11.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is diagnosing cancer.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.80,0:02:14.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When a doctor suspects cancer,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.97,0:02:17.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they take a sample\Nand send it to a pathologist,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.70,0:02:19.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who looks at it under a microscope.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.14,0:02:22.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, pathologists look at\Nhundreds of slides
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.69,0:02:25.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and millions of cells every day.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.63,0:02:27.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So to support this task,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.04,0:02:30.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some researchers made an AI classifier.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.55,0:02:36.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, the classifier says,\N"Is this cancer or is this not cancer?"
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.12,0:02:37.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,looking at the pictures.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.36,0:02:39.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The classifier was pretty good,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.97,0:02:42.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but not as good as the person,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:43.94,0:02:45.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who got it right most of the time.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:46.43,0:02:52.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But when they combine the ability\Nof the machine and the human together,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.63,0:02:55.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,accuracy went to 99.5 percent.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.15,0:03:02.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Adding that AI to a partnership\Neliminated 85 percent of the errors
Dialogue: 0,0:03:02.18,0:03:05.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the human pathologist\Nwould have made working alone.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.82,0:03:09.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's a lot of cancer\Nthat would have otherwise gone untreated.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.10,0:03:13.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, for the curious, it turns out
Dialogue: 0,0:03:13.05,0:03:16.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the human was better\Nat rejecting false positives,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.55,0:03:20.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the machine was better\Nat recognizing those hard-to-spot cases.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.14,0:03:23.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the lesson here isn't about\Nwhich agent is better
Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.41,0:03:25.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at this image-classification task.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.89,0:03:27.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Those things are changing every day.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.75,0:03:29.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The lesson here
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.34,0:03:32.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that by combining the abilities\Nof the human and machine,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.73,0:03:37.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it created a partnership\Nthat had superhuman performance.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.54,0:03:41.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that is humanistic AI.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:42.79,0:03:44.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now let's look at another example
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.80,0:03:47.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with turbocharging performance.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.11,0:03:48.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is design.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:48.54,0:03:50.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, let's say you're an engineer.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.60,0:03:52.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You want to design\Na new frame for a drone.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.74,0:03:55.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You get out your favorite\Nsoftware tools, CAD tools,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.83,0:04:00.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you enter the form and the materials,\Nand then you analyze performance.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:00.07,0:04:01.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That gives you one design.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:02.16,0:04:05.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you give those same tools to an AI,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:05.86,0:04:08.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it can generate thousands of designs.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:10.19,0:04:12.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This video by Autodesk is amazing.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.15,0:04:13.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is real stuff.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.09,0:04:17.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this transforms how we do design.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.19,0:04:18.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The human engineer now
Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.64,0:04:21.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,says what the design should achieve,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:21.98,0:04:23.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the machine says,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:23.16,0:04:24.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Here's the possibilities."
Dialogue: 0,0:04:25.76,0:04:28.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now in her job, the engineer's job
Dialogue: 0,0:04:28.72,0:04:31.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is to pick the one that best meets\Nthe goals of the design,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:31.85,0:04:35.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which she knows as a human\Nbetter than anyone else,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:35.21,0:04:37.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,using human judgment and expertise.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.41,0:04:38.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In this case, the winning form
Dialogue: 0,0:04:39.02,0:04:41.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,looks kind of like something\Nnature would have designed,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:41.75,0:04:43.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,minus a few million years of evolution
Dialogue: 0,0:04:43.89,0:04:46.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and all that unnecessary fur.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:48.42,0:04:53.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now let's see where this idea\Nof humanistic AI might lead us
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.12,0:04:55.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if we follow it into\Nthe speculative beyond.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.12,0:04:59.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What's a kind of augmentation\Nthat we would all like to have?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:59.53,0:05:02.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, how about cognitive enhancement?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:03.90,0:05:05.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Instead of asking,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:05.41,0:05:07.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"How smart can we make our machines?"
Dialogue: 0,0:05:07.49,0:05:08.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,let's ask
Dialogue: 0,0:05:08.69,0:05:11.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"How smart can our machines make us?"
Dialogue: 0,0:05:13.10,0:05:14.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean, take memory for example.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:15.51,0:05:18.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Memory is the foundation\Nof human intelligence.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:19.77,0:05:22.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But human memory is famously flawed.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:23.54,0:05:25.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're great at telling stories,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:25.64,0:05:27.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but not getting the details right.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:27.61,0:05:30.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And our memories -- they decay over time.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:30.84,0:05:34.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean, like, where did the '60s go,\Nand can I go there, too?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:34.10,0:05:35.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:05:36.65,0:05:40.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But what if you could have a memory\Nthat was as good as computer memory,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:42.16,0:05:45.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and was about your life?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:45.71,0:05:48.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What if you could remember\Nevery person you ever met,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:48.53,0:05:50.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how to pronounce their name,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:50.50,0:05:52.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,their family details,\Ntheir favorite sports,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:52.61,0:05:54.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the last conversation you had with them?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:54.60,0:05:57.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you had this memory all your life,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:57.28,0:06:00.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you could have the AI look\Nat all the interactions
Dialogue: 0,0:06:00.60,0:06:02.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you had with people over time
Dialogue: 0,0:06:02.04,0:06:05.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and help you reflect on the long arc\Nof your relationships.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:06.53,0:06:11.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What if you could have the AI read\Neverything you've ever read
Dialogue: 0,0:06:11.62,0:06:14.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and listen to every song\Nyou've ever heard?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:15.34,0:06:19.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,From the tiniest clue,\Nit could help you retrieve
Dialogue: 0,0:06:19.11,0:06:21.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,anything you've ever seen or heard before.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:21.93,0:06:25.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Imagine what that would do\Nfor the ability to make new connections
Dialogue: 0,0:06:25.20,0:06:26.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and form new ideas.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:26.81,0:06:28.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what about our bodies?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:29.73,0:06:34.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What if we could remember the consequences\Nof every food we eat,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:34.03,0:06:35.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,every pill we take,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:36.48,0:06:38.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,every all-nighter we pull?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:39.05,0:06:41.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We could do our own science\Non our own data
Dialogue: 0,0:06:41.78,0:06:45.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about what makes us feel\Ngood and stay healthy.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:45.67,0:06:48.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And imagine how this could revolutionize
Dialogue: 0,0:06:48.17,0:06:50.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the way we manage\Nallergies and chronic disease.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:52.91,0:06:57.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I believe that AI will make\Npersonal memory enhancement a reality.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:59.12,0:07:01.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I can't say when or what\Nform factors are involved,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:02.63,0:07:04.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but I think it's inevitable,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:05.92,0:07:10.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because the very things\Nthat make AI successful today --
Dialogue: 0,0:07:10.77,0:07:13.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the availability of comprehensive data
Dialogue: 0,0:07:13.29,0:07:16.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the ability for machines\Nto make sense of that data --
Dialogue: 0,0:07:16.86,0:07:19.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can be applied to the data of our lives.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:20.50,0:07:23.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And those data are here today,\Navailable for all of us,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:24.02,0:07:27.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because we lead digitally mediated lives,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:28.57,0:07:30.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in mobile and online.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:31.83,0:07:35.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In my view, a personal memory\Nis a private memory.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:35.75,0:07:39.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We get to choose what is and is not\Nrecalled and retained.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:40.52,0:07:44.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's absolutely essential\Nthat this be kept very secure.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:45.29,0:07:46.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now for most of us,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:46.78,0:07:49.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the impact of augmented personal memory
Dialogue: 0,0:07:49.70,0:07:52.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will be a more improved mental gain,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:52.46,0:07:54.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,maybe, hopefully, a bit more social grace.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:56.66,0:08:01.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But for the millions who suffer\Nfrom Alzheimer's and dementia,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:03.21,0:08:05.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the difference that augmented\Nmemory could make
Dialogue: 0,0:08:05.44,0:08:07.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is a difference\Nbetween a life of isolation
Dialogue: 0,0:08:09.02,0:08:10.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and a life of dignity and connection.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:12.17,0:08:17.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are in the middle of a renaissance\Nin artificial intelligence right now.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:18.65,0:08:20.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean, in just the past few years,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:20.65,0:08:24.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we're beginning to see\Nsolutions to AI problems
Dialogue: 0,0:08:24.30,0:08:28.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we have struggled\Nwith literally for decades:
Dialogue: 0,0:08:29.23,0:08:31.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,speech understanding, text understanding,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:31.92,0:08:33.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,image understanding.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:34.18,0:08:38.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have a choice in how we use\Nthis powerful technology.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:39.27,0:08:44.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can choose to use AI\Nto automate and compete with us,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:44.16,0:08:48.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or we can use AI to augment\Nand collaborate with us,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:48.16,0:08:51.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to overcome our cognitive limitations
Dialogue: 0,0:08:51.25,0:08:54.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and to help us do what we want to do,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:54.44,0:08:55.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,only better.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:56.34,0:09:02.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And as we discover new ways\Nto give machines intelligence,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:02.87,0:09:05.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we can distribute that intelligence
Dialogue: 0,0:09:05.96,0:09:08.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to all of the AI assistants in the world,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:08.36,0:09:11.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and therefore to every person,\Nregardless of circumstance.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:13.19,0:09:14.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that is why,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:14.74,0:09:17.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,every time a machine gets smarter,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:18.63,0:09:20.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we get smarter.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:21.03,0:09:24.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That is an AI worth spreading.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:24.78,0:09:25.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:25.99,0:09:29.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)