[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.64,0:00:04.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People are living longer\Nand societies are getting grayer.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:05.11,0:00:06.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You hear about it all the time.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:06.98,0:00:08.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You read about it in your newspapers.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:08.79,0:00:11.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You hear about it on your television sets.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:11.16,0:00:12.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sometimes, I'm concerned
Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.45,0:00:17.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we hear about it so much\Nthat we've come to accept longer lives
Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.08,0:00:20.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with a kind of a complacency, even ease.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.94,0:00:26.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But make no mistake, longer lives can --
Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.25,0:00:32.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and, I believe, will improve\Nquality of life at all ages.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:33.70,0:00:36.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now to put this in perspective,\Nlet me just zoom out for a minute.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.82,0:00:43.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,More years were added to average\Nlife expectancy in the 20th century
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.89,0:00:51.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than all years added\Nacross all prior millennia
Dialogue: 0,0:00:51.82,0:00:53.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of human evolution combined.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.28,0:00:56.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the blink of an eye,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:56.83,0:01:00.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we nearly doubled the length of time\Nthat we're living.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:01.42,0:01:04.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So if you ever feel like you don't have\Nthis aging thing quite pegged,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.75,0:01:06.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,don't kick yourself.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.09,0:01:07.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's brand new.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.63,0:01:12.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And because fertility rates fell\Nacross that very same period
Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.80,0:01:15.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that life expectancy was going up,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.60,0:01:22.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that pyramid that has always represented\Nthe distribution of age in the population,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.21,0:01:27.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with many young ones at the bottom\Nwinnowed to a tiny peak of older people
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.26,0:01:29.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who make it and survive to old age,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:29.52,0:01:33.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is being reshaped into a rectangle.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.47,0:01:37.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And now, if you're the kind of person
Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.30,0:01:39.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who can get chills\Nfrom population statistics,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.68,0:01:40.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.73,0:01:42.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these are the ones that should do it.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.55,0:01:43.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because what that means
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.00,0:01:47.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that for the first time\Nin the history of the species,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:47.86,0:01:51.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the majority of babies born\Nin the developed world
Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.66,0:01:55.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are having the opportunity to grow old.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.41,0:01:58.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How did this happen?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.44,0:02:03.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, we're no genetically hardier\Nthan our ancestors were 10,000 years ago.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.98,0:02:08.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This increase in life expectancy\Nis the remarkable product of culture --
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.82,0:02:12.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the crucible that holds\Nscience and technology
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.54,0:02:17.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and wide-scale changes in behavior\Nthat improve health and well-being.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.16,0:02:25.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Through cultural changes, our ancestors\Nlargely eliminated early death
Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.47,0:02:28.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that people can now\Nlive out their full lives.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:29.52,0:02:32.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now there are problems\Nassociated with aging --
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.49,0:02:34.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,diseases, poverty, loss of social status.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:34.81,0:02:36.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's hardly time to rest on our laurels.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:37.77,0:02:39.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the more we learn about aging,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.87,0:02:43.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the clearer it becomes\Nthat a sweeping downward course
Dialogue: 0,0:02:43.93,0:02:45.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is grossly inaccurate.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:46.95,0:02:50.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Aging brings some rather\Nremarkable improvements --
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.25,0:02:52.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,increased knowledge, expertise --
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.10,0:02:58.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and emotional aspects of life improve.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.38,0:03:03.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's right, older people are happy.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.53,0:03:08.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're happier than middle-aged people,\Nand younger people, certainly.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.15,0:03:09.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:03:09.36,0:03:12.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Study after study\Nis coming to the same conclusion.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.49,0:03:15.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The CDC recently conducted a survey
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.35,0:03:18.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where they asked respondents\Nsimply to tell them
Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.26,0:03:21.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whether they experienced\Nsignificant psychological distress
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.40,0:03:22.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the previous week.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.58,0:03:26.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And fewer older people\Nanswered affirmatively to that question
Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.24,0:03:28.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than middle-aged people,\Nand younger people as well.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.87,0:03:32.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And a recent Gallup poll\Nasked participants
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.86,0:03:37.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how much stress and worry and anger\Nthey had experienced the previous day.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.66,0:03:41.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And stress, worry, anger
Dialogue: 0,0:03:42.23,0:03:44.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all decrease with age.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:45.61,0:03:48.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now social scientists call this\Nthe paradox of aging.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:48.64,0:03:51.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean, after all,\Naging is not a piece of cake.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.09,0:03:56.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we've asked all sorts of questions\Nto see if we could undo this finding.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.40,0:04:02.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We've asked whether it may be that\Nthe current generations of older people
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.34,0:04:05.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are and always have been\Nthe greatest generations.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.61,0:04:10.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That is that younger people today\Nmay not typically experience
Dialogue: 0,0:04:10.30,0:04:12.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these improvements as they grow older.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:13.23,0:04:14.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We've asked,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.58,0:04:18.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,well, maybe older people\Nare just trying to put a positive spin
Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.54,0:04:20.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on an otherwise depressing existence.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.98,0:04:22.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.75,0:04:25.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the more we've tried\Nto disavow this finding,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:25.63,0:04:28.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the more evidence we find to support it.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.55,0:04:31.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Years ago, my colleagues\Nand I embarked on a study
Dialogue: 0,0:04:31.90,0:04:34.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where we followed the same group\Nof people over a 10-year period.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:35.02,0:04:37.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Originally, the sample was aged 18 to 94.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.49,0:04:41.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we studied whether and how\Ntheir emotional experiences changed
Dialogue: 0,0:04:41.86,0:04:43.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as they grew older.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:43.79,0:04:47.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Our participants would carry\Nelectronic pagers
Dialogue: 0,0:04:47.12,0:04:48.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for a week at a time,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:48.65,0:04:51.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we'd page them throughout the day\Nand evenings at random times.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:51.97,0:04:53.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And every time we paged them,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.78,0:04:55.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we'd ask them to answer\Nseveral questions --
Dialogue: 0,0:04:55.86,0:04:58.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"On a one to seven scale,\Nhow happy are you right now?"
Dialogue: 0,0:04:58.95,0:05:00.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"How sad are you right now?"
Dialogue: 0,0:05:00.46,0:05:02.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"How frustrated are you right now?" --
Dialogue: 0,0:05:02.63,0:05:06.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that we could get a sense of the kinds\Nof emotions and feelings they were having
Dialogue: 0,0:05:06.89,0:05:08.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in their day-to-day lives.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:09.05,0:05:12.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And using this intense study\Nof individuals,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:12.37,0:05:16.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we find that it's not\None particular generation
Dialogue: 0,0:05:16.24,0:05:18.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's doing better than the others,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:18.53,0:05:21.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the same individuals over time
Dialogue: 0,0:05:21.43,0:05:26.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,come to report relatively greater\Npositive experience.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:26.31,0:05:30.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now you see this slight downturn\Nat very advanced ages.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:30.77,0:05:32.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And there is a slight downturn.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:32.43,0:05:37.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But at no point does it return\Nto the levels we see in early adulthood.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:38.63,0:05:45.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now it's really too simplistic\Nto say that older people are "happy."
Dialogue: 0,0:05:46.67,0:05:48.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In our study, they are more positive.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:49.83,0:05:52.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But they're also more likely\Nthan younger people
Dialogue: 0,0:05:52.17,0:05:54.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to experience mixed emotions --
Dialogue: 0,0:05:54.37,0:05:56.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sadness at the same time\Nyou experience happiness;
Dialogue: 0,0:05:57.01,0:06:00.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you know, that tear in the eye\Nwhen you're smiling at a friend.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:01.63,0:06:06.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And other research has shown that\Nolder people seem to engage with sadness
Dialogue: 0,0:06:06.30,0:06:07.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,more comfortably.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:07.73,0:06:10.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're more accepting of sadness\Nthan younger people are.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:10.64,0:06:13.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we suspect\Nthat this may help to explain
Dialogue: 0,0:06:13.26,0:06:15.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,why older people are better\Nthan younger people
Dialogue: 0,0:06:16.00,0:06:20.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at solving hotly charged\Nemotional conflicts and debates.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:22.00,0:06:26.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Older people can view injustice\Nwith compassion,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:26.96,0:06:28.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but not despair.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:29.36,0:06:31.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And all things being equal,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:31.12,0:06:35.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,older people direct their cognitive\Nresources, like attention and memory,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:35.24,0:06:37.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to positive information\Nmore than negative.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:38.62,0:06:41.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we show older, middle-aged,\Nyounger people images,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:41.99,0:06:43.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like the ones you see on the screen,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:44.70,0:06:49.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we later ask them\Nto recall all the images that they can,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:49.88,0:06:52.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,older people, but not younger people,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:52.27,0:06:55.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,remember more positive images\Nthan negative images.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:56.65,0:07:00.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We've asked older and younger people\Nto view faces in laboratory studies,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:00.81,0:07:02.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some frowning, some smiling.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:02.71,0:07:07.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Older people look toward the smiling faces\Nand away from the frowning, angry faces.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:09.26,0:07:14.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In day-to-day life, this translates\Ninto greater enjoyment and satisfaction.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:16.53,0:07:20.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But as social scientists, we continue\Nto ask about possible alternatives.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:20.85,0:07:24.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We've said, well, maybe older people\Nreport more positive emotions
Dialogue: 0,0:07:24.52,0:07:26.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because they're cognitively impaired.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:27.00,0:07:30.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:07:30.88,0:07:32.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We've said, could it be
Dialogue: 0,0:07:32.13,0:07:35.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that positive emotions are simply easier\Nto process than negative emotions,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:35.75,0:07:38.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and so you switch\Nto the positive emotions?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:38.94,0:07:41.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Maybe our neural centers in our brain
Dialogue: 0,0:07:41.10,0:07:45.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are degraded such that we're unable\Nto process negative emotions anymore.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:45.57,0:07:47.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But that's not the case.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:47.61,0:07:50.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The most mentally sharp older adults
Dialogue: 0,0:07:50.87,0:07:53.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are the ones who show\Nthis positivity effect the most.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:54.95,0:07:57.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And under conditions\Nwhere it really matters,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:57.26,0:07:59.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,older people do process\Nthe negative information
Dialogue: 0,0:07:59.81,0:08:01.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just as well as the positive information.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:02.36,0:08:04.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So how can this be?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:05.88,0:08:07.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, in our research,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:07.96,0:08:11.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we've found that these changes\Nare grounded fundamentally
Dialogue: 0,0:08:11.97,0:08:15.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the uniquely human\Nability to monitor time --
Dialogue: 0,0:08:15.21,0:08:18.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not just clock time\Nand calendar time, but lifetime.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:19.21,0:08:21.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if there's a paradox of aging,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:21.67,0:08:24.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's that recognizing\Nthat we won't live forever
Dialogue: 0,0:08:24.70,0:08:28.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,changes our perspective on life\Nin positive ways.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:30.20,0:08:35.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When time horizons are long and nebulous,\Nas they typically are in youth,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:35.03,0:08:36.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people are constantly preparing,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:37.00,0:08:40.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,trying to soak up all the information\Nthey possibly can,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:40.78,0:08:43.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,taking risks, exploring.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:43.05,0:08:45.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We might spend time with people\Nwe don't even like
Dialogue: 0,0:08:46.02,0:08:48.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it's somehow interesting.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:48.14,0:08:50.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We might learn something unexpected.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:50.36,0:08:52.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:08:52.44,0:08:53.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We go on blind dates.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:54.00,0:08:57.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:08:57.28,0:08:58.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, after all,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:58.47,0:09:00.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if it doesn't work out,\Nthere's always tomorrow.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:02.12,0:09:04.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People over 50 don't go on blind dates.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:04.72,0:09:11.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:09:12.01,0:09:17.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As we age, our time horizons grow shorter\Nand our goals change.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:18.34,0:09:21.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When we recognize that we don't have\Nall the time in the world,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:21.36,0:09:24.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we see our priorities most clearly.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:24.23,0:09:26.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We take less notice of trivial matters.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:26.97,0:09:28.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We savor life.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:29.14,0:09:30.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're more appreciative,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:30.78,0:09:32.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,more open to reconciliation.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:33.46,0:09:36.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We invest in more emotionally\Nimportant parts of life,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:36.32,0:09:38.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and life gets better,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:39.42,0:09:41.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so we're happier day-to-day.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:42.30,0:09:44.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But that same shift in perspective
Dialogue: 0,0:09:44.27,0:09:48.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,leads us to have less tolerance\Nthan ever for injustice.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:50.06,0:09:51.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By 2015,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:52.14,0:09:54.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there will be more people\Nin the United States
Dialogue: 0,0:09:54.80,0:09:58.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,over the age of 60 than under 15.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:00.02,0:10:04.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What will happen to societies\Nthat are top-heavy with older people?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:05.36,0:10:08.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The numbers won't determine the outcome.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:09.21,0:10:10.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Culture will.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:12.20,0:10:15.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we invest in science and technology
Dialogue: 0,0:10:15.33,0:10:19.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and find solutions for the real problems\Nthat older people face
Dialogue: 0,0:10:20.18,0:10:26.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we capitalize on the very real\Nstrengths of older people,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:26.84,0:10:32.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then added years of life can dramatically\Nimprove quality of life at all ages.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:33.90,0:10:38.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Societies with millions of talented,\Nemotionally stable citizens
Dialogue: 0,0:10:38.39,0:10:43.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who are healthier and better educated\Nthan any generations before them,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:43.34,0:10:47.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,armed with knowledge\Nabout the practical matters of life
Dialogue: 0,0:10:47.19,0:10:51.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and motivated to solve the big issues
Dialogue: 0,0:10:52.30,0:10:57.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can be better societies\Nthan we have ever known.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:59.29,0:11:02.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My father, who is 92, likes to say,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:03.78,0:11:07.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Let's stop talking\Nonly about how to save the old folks
Dialogue: 0,0:11:07.45,0:11:11.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and start talking about\Nhow to get them to save us all."
Dialogue: 0,0:11:13.84,0:11:15.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:15.30,0:11:18.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)