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35C3 preroll music
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Herald Angel: The next talk will be given
by Régine Debatty and she will be talking
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about the goods the strange and the ugly
in art and science technology in 2018. Big
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applause to Régine
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Applause
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Sound from video
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Régine: This was not supposed to
happen, I am sorry. Hello everyone. So my
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name is Régine Debatty. I'm an art critic
and blogger. Since 2004 I've been writing
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"we make money not art" which is a blog
that looks at the way artists, designers
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and hackers are using science and
technology in a critical and socially
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engaged way. So a few weeks ago some of
the organizers of the Congress e-mailed me
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and they asked me if I could give a kind
of overview of the most exciting and
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interesting works in art and technology in
2018. And on Monday when I started working
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on my slides I was really on a mission to
deliver and then we had the intention
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to give an overview of the best of art
and tech in 2018. But somehow things got
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out of hand. I started inserting words
that are a bit older and also I could see
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a kind of narrative that emerged. So the result is going to be a
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presentation where I will still show some
of the works I found very interesting over
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this past year. But they're going to be
embedded into a broader narrative. And this
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narrative is going to look at the way
artists nowadays are using science and
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technology to really explore and expand
the boundaries and the limits of the human
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body. But also they use science and technology
to challenge intelligence or at least the
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understanding we have of human
intelligence. So Exhibit 1 it's "Face
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Detected". It's actually I wouldn't say it
was one of my favorites work from 2018
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but it's definitely by one of my favorite
artists. So that's why it's in
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there. So the setting is quite easy to
understand. Thérise Deporter, that's the name of the artist
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had a solo show a couple of months
ago at the New Art Space in Andover and
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install these blocks of clay on
tables and then invited artists sculpters
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to come and do portraits of people and
start shaping their head. And of course
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you know the process was followed by the
audience but it was also
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followed by face recognition software. And
as soon as the software had detected a
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face in the sculpture the Artist would
receive a message that say: Stop, we
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have detected a human face. And what is
interesting is that
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laughter
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there are several - I mean, there's worse -
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According to the face recognition system
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- because they work with different
parameters and they've been programmed by
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different programmers so they don't
necessarily - they're not as fast as, some
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are faster than others to recognize a face,
some have different parameters than
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others. So that's why the results are
always so different. But the reason why I
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found this project worth mentioning
is because it shows the increasingly big
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space that is called artificial
intelligence. You can call it algorithm,
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big data or software. It shows the
increasingly big role that systems and
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machines are taking into culture and the
place they're taking into spheres that
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until not so long ago we thought were
really the apanage and exclusivity of
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humans. So for example creativity,
innovation, imagination and art. And
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nowadays pretty banal I mean no one is
going to be surprised if you're listening
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to music and someone tells you: Oh
it's the music that's being composed
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actually by an algorithm or this is a
poem or a book that's been written
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by a machine. I mean it's becoming
almost mainstream. And this is happening
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also in the world of visual art. And we've
had a few examples this year. If you look
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at the newspaper like if a mainstream
newspaper or we had regularly news
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saying oh this algorithmic has made this
masterpiece. And one of the most recent
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example was this stunning portrait of a
gentleman that made the headlines because
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it was the first portrait that was made by
an algorithm that was sold at Christie's
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And Christie's is a famous auction house. And
it also made the headlines not only
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because he was the first one but it sold for a surprisingly high price like
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something like forty times the original
estimate. This painting made by an
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algorithm created by a Paris based
collective. So it sold for almost half a
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million dollar. And if I have to be honest
with you I cannot think of any work that's
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been mostly done by an algorithm that have
really impressed me and move me. But it
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seems that I am in the minority because
you might have heard of this. These
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scientific experiments where computer
scientists at Rutgers University in USA.
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They made this program that could
replicate just make and invent abstract
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paintings. And then they asked people like
human beings to have a look at the
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paintings made by the computer. But they
mixed it, like I said they were showing
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to people they mix it with paintings that
had really been done by human beings that
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had been exhibited at the famous art fair Art
Basel. And they asked them how they react
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and which one according to them had
been done by a human. And it turned out
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that people responded fairly well to the
paintings that had been done by this
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computer system. They tended to prefer
them. They found them this odd. They
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described them as being more communicative and
more inspiring. So you know maybe one day
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I will be impressed but so far I would say
I would not be worried if I were an
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artist. I'm not going to say to artists or
you know very soon machines are going to
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take your job. Well maybe if you make that
kind of painting yeah maybe you should be
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worried. But the kind of artist I'm
interested in. I really don't like it.
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Artists I'm interested in. I really trust
them to keep on challenging computer
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system. I trust them to explore and
collaborate with them and use them to
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expand their artistic range. And most of
all I trust them to keep on sabotaging
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and hacking and subverting these computer
systems. And so yeah I'm not worried at
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all for artists but maybe I should be
worried for art critic. Because a few years
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ago so it's 2006 and even in the
artificial intelligence time it's really
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really old. So in 2006 at the Palais de Tokyo
in Paris an artist was showing a program
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that was generated automatically. Text
written by art critique and I'm sorry but
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the example is in French. But if you
read French. And if you use the kind of
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press releases and "blah" they give you that
had been written by art critique. It is
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really the kind of thing they work. It is
so incredible you know it's the kind of
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inflated rhetoric and uses of vague terms
and also constantly referencing some fancy
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French philosopher. So it really really
worked. So personally I would be more
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worried for my job than for the job of the
artist. Anyway this is another work I
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really like in 2018 and it's one of
these work that challenges and play and
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try to subvert artificial intelligence and
in particular the so-called intelligent or
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home assistance which is Alexa or Siri. So
you may know the artist is Mediengruppe
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Bitnik. They collaborated with a DJ and
electronic music composer called Low Jack
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and they made an album to be played
exclusively for Alexa and Siri all this
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kind of devices. And we listen to a
track in a moment. And what did the
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music does is, it tries to interact and
make Alexa react. So it asked
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questions to Alex. It gives order to
Alex or Siri or whatever it's called. And
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it's also trying to express and convey and
communicate to these devices the kind of
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anxieties and ease and doubts they have
the artists have. And some of us have
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around these so-called intelligent home
assistant. Whether it's they're frightened
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about the encroachment of privacy and
unreliability and the fact that they are
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called smart. So that we kind became of lower
guard and implicitly start to trust
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them. So I'm going to make you listen to
one of the tracks. There are three of them
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- at least they sent me three of them.
Played music track: Hello!
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music
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High speed intelligent personal assistance all
listening to everything I say. I brought
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you into my home. You scary. Alexa, Prime's
new in time is now and all forever.
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music
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Alexa, I used to bark commands on you. Now I say
"please" and "thank you". Never mess with
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someone who knows your secrets. Siri,
there is no way far enough to hide. Ok,
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Google - are you laughing at me? You used
to answer that. Now, you disengage. Never
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enough digital street smarts to outsmart
Alexa. Alexa? Alexa? Hey, Alexiety, I want
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my control back. I want my home back.
Siri, delete my calender. Siri, hold my
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calls. Siri, delete my contacts. Ok,
Google, what's the loneliest number? Ok,
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Google, stop! Ok, Google, stop! Ok,
Google. Hello! Please, stop. Alexa, help!
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Alexa, disable Uber. Alexa, disable
lighting. Alexa, disable Amazon music
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unlimited. Alexa, quit! Hey, Siri!
Activate airplane mode. If you need me,
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I'll be offline, in the real world.
R: And that's it for this one.
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Next track playing
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R: Oh, my god, what is this? That is
why...? laughing My boyfriend is
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watching, he's doing to love so much.
Yeah, let's be serious with a bit of art
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and tech, shall we? So, there are two
reasons why this work is interesting. The
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first one is that you don't really need to
have one of these devices at home to have
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fun because it's been actually
conceived to be played as loud as
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possible. So, you don't need to have to
have one of these devices but you
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can put the music very loud, open the
window and hopefully it is going to
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interact with the devices of your
neighbors and mess a bit with their
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domesticity. The other thing that is
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interesting is that of course Alexa has
been designed to appear as close to a
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human as possible. So each time the record
is asking some question the answer going
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to change slightly because it's the way
it's been programmed. Then also because
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each time there is an update in the
program and so might change. And also as I
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said the artist made this record to
communicate their doubts and anxieties
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around this smart system because there's a
few problems around these systems. One of
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them is as I'm sure you know
it's about surveillance because they come
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with corporate systems of surveillance
that are embedded into the hardware. And
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the software. And we may not realize it
until, you know, sometimes when you open -
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one day we opened the pages of a newspaper
and this is a story that appeared on the
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Verge a few days ago and it's the story of
a German citizen who e-mailed Amazon and
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say look Amazon I want to know all the
data you've collected about me over these
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past few years. And then you received
these data except that he received the
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wrong data. He received 1700 Alexa voice
recordings but he doesn't have an Alexa.
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These were not his data. So he wrote back
to Amazon and says "Oh look I think there
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is a problem there". Amazon never answered
back. So what did the guy do? He went to a
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German newspaper and the reporters managed
to analyze the data. And they managed to
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identify who the original owner of the
data was and who his girlfriend is and who
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his circle of friends is. And you know if
you couple all the data from Alexa with
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what is already available for everyone to
see on Facebook and other forms of social
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media, you get kind of a scary and worrying
picture so you understand why artists and
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other people might be worried and anxious
around Alexa. And so they're called smart
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or intelligent devices, but sometimes they
give us advices that may not be, that I
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would say, judicious and smart, such as
the one you might have heard of "Alexa's
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advice to kill your foster parents". And
also they don't necessarily react to the
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person they're supposed to obey. So that
like almost every month there is a story
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in the newspaper. So this is the story of
Rocco the parrot and Rocco really when
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he's alone at home and his owner has left
it's singing - it imitates very well.
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There are videos of Rocco imitating the
voice of Alexa, it's really kinny. But
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he also plays his older like, it doesn't
want to but, for example, he added to the
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Amazon shopping basket of its owner
broccoli and watermelons and kites and ice
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cream. And there are stories like that all
the time in the newspaper, when the TV
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presenter talks about, say, "Okay Google
something or Alexa do something", and if
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people are watching the TV and Alexa is in
the room Alexa is going to perform this
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action or order some goods online. So
as you see this so-called smart system
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isn't smart enough to differentiate
between the actual human being that's in
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the room and that they should obey or they
should answer to, and voices that come
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through the radio or the TV or the voices
of the pet. So if on the one hand
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intelligent machines can be confused, I
have the feeling that also as human being
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we are confused when it comes to, you
know, as soon as you throw in the arena
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the words artificial intelligence, most
people, not you I'm sure, but most people
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are ready to believe the hype. And a good
example of that, I would say, is you know
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we keep reading how in China they have
this super sophisticated and highly
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efficient networks of surveillance of CCTV.
And how they have face recognition systems
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that are really really high hand and
highly sophisticated. So that is the
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theory but the reality is that the
technology has limitations and also
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limitations linked to bureaucracy and some
of the data in the files I've seen not
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been digitalized. So sometimes the work of
the police is not aided by sophisticated
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CCTV and their face recognition software,
but just consists of going through old
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people files and photos. And yet, maybe
that doesn't matter if you know if the
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system is not fully functional, because in
the case of surveillance what matters is
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that we think that we might at some point
be under the gaze of surveillance that
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might be enough to keep us docile and
compliant. Also, we are being told that
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very soon we just have to wait for them to
be launched on the market. We're going to
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have some fantastic autonomous car that's
going to drive us seamlessly from one part
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of the town to the other one. And in
reality, we are still training them, you
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and I, when we get these pop up images and
we are asked by the system to identify all
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the squares where there is a shop window,
where there is a traffic sign or where
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there is another vehicle. Where I want to
go with this is that there is still a lot
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of human beings, a lot of human clocks
behind the machines, because artificial
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intelligence is nothing without data, and
data is pretty useless if it's not been
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targged. And so you see the emergence of
data tagging factory in China and it's
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actually the new faces of outsourcing in
China, where you have people who spend the
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whole day behind computer screen adding
dots and descriptions to images and
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photo. And so artificial intelligence that
was supposed to, you know, free us from
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very monotonous, mind-numbing and boring
work is still generating for us a lot of
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this boring work. And these invisible
people behind artificial intelligence is
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what Amazon, which is Amazon Mechanical
Turk, but it's what Amazon call
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artificial intelligence. Some could photo
mission, and some of the characteristic of
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this hidden human labor for the
digital factory is that it's, one, the
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hyper fragmentation of the work and
because it's like the work is divided in
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small chunks, it's loses a lot of his
prestige, a lot of its value, so people
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are underpaid and what is a bit
frightening is that this kind of work
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culture is actually creeping into the
world of creative people and freelancing
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and you have platforms such as this one,
called Fiverr where it's also a
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crowdsourcing platform where you can buy
the services of a person who is going to
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design for you the logo of your new
company, or a birthday card, or a business
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card, or do translation for you or shoot a
testimonial for your products and there is
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one example there and someone who advertise
that they will design for you two
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magnificent logos in 48 hours. And the
price that's it at five dollars, that's
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very low - and the characteristic
of this kind of company is this scale of
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crowdsourcing so-called services is that
they ruthlessly rely on precarity and
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Fiverr recently had these ads, where
they were basically glorifying the idea of
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working yourself to death. And then this.
Well I'm going to the third work I really
00:22:02.820 --> 00:22:08.930
like in 2018. It was released a few months
ago. It's a work by Michael Mandiberg and
00:22:08.930 --> 00:22:17.040
he wanted to make a portrait of the hidden
human being behind the digital factory.
00:22:17.040 --> 00:22:23.920
And to do so he really wanted to recreate
or to modernized the iconic film by Charlie
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Chaplin. Modern Times. It's a film from
1936 which was you know it was the seventh
00:22:30.010 --> 00:22:34.760
year of the Great Depression. People
were struggling, being unemployed,
00:22:34.760 --> 00:22:43.216
starving and having difficulty to get through
life. And Michael Mandiberg made an
00:22:43.216 --> 00:22:49.670
update of this film, by... First of all he
wrote the code and the code cut the film
00:22:49.670 --> 00:22:55.650
of Charlie Chaplin into very short clips
of a few seconds and then Michael
00:22:55.650 --> 00:22:59.966
Mandiberg contacted people. He
found people on this platform on
00:22:59.966 --> 00:23:04.880
Fiverr and he asked them, he gave
each of them a short clip. And
00:23:04.880 --> 00:23:12.250
he asked them to recreate it as well
as they could. And that's what they did.
00:23:12.250 --> 00:23:17.620
And Michael Mandiberg, I'm going to show
an extract. Yeah you will see, he had no
00:23:17.620 --> 00:23:22.390
obviously no control over the location, he
had no control about around the production
00:23:22.390 --> 00:23:31.260
choice. So hopefully I'm going to find
the correct video and not a fitness video.
00:23:31.260 --> 00:23:32.910
So here's an extract.
00:23:32.910 --> 00:25:19.836
music plays
00:25:19.836 --> 00:25:29.170
I think you've got the point here. Good.
So with this work Michael Mandiberg tried
00:25:29.170 --> 00:25:34.760
to do a kind of portrait of these hidden
digital factory and of its human clocks
00:25:34.760 --> 00:25:39.850
But the portrait is done by the
freelancers, by the workers themselves and
00:25:39.850 --> 00:25:45.580
you can see the result is kind of
messy and chaotic geographically disperse
00:25:45.580 --> 00:25:56.174
and hyper-fragmented. So that it's added
characteristic, of the digital factory. So
00:25:56.174 --> 00:26:03.049
carrying on with the world that is hidden,
I'd like to speak briefly about social
00:26:03.049 --> 00:26:09.220
media content moderators. Maybe you know
this story because imagine that in
00:26:09.220 --> 00:26:15.159
Germany, I was listening to an interview
with a woman who had work as a social
00:26:15.159 --> 00:26:23.549
media content moderator for Facebook in
Germany and she was explaining what kind
00:26:23.549 --> 00:26:29.150
of work she was doing. It doesn't happen
very often that you have testimony, because
00:26:29.150 --> 00:26:33.310
usually the worker have to sign a
nondisclosure agreement. But she was
00:26:33.310 --> 00:26:39.640
explaining that, how difficult the work is
because every single day, each of the
00:26:39.640 --> 00:26:47.030
moderator has to go to 1300 tickets. So
1300 cases of content that have been
00:26:47.030 --> 00:26:52.820
flagged as inappropriate or disturbing,
either automatically or by another users.
00:26:52.820 --> 00:26:58.690
So you know that doesn't leave a lot of
time to have a thorough analysis.
00:26:58.690 --> 00:27:05.890
And indeed she was explaining that human
reflection is absolutely not encouraged and
00:27:05.890 --> 00:27:10.810
that you have all the process of
judging, you have only a few seconds to
00:27:10.810 --> 00:27:14.950
judge whether or not the content has
to be blocked or you could stay on
00:27:14.950 --> 00:27:19.640
Facebook. And all the process of the
reflection is actually reduced to a series
00:27:19.640 --> 00:27:25.420
of automatisms. And the interesting part
for me was when she was explaining that at
00:27:25.420 --> 00:27:30.170
night she was still dreaming of her work, but
where some of her co-workers were dreaming
00:27:30.170 --> 00:27:36.860
of the kind of horrible content they have to
moderate, she was explaining how she was
00:27:36.860 --> 00:27:42.920
actually dreaming of doing the same
automatic gesture over and over again. And
00:27:42.920 --> 00:27:49.309
that's how you realized, that all these
big companies, they wish they could replace
00:27:49.309 --> 00:27:54.360
workers by machines, by algorithm, by
robots. But some of the tasks
00:27:54.360 --> 00:27:59.020
unfortunately the robots or the
algorithm cannot do them yet. So they have
00:27:59.020 --> 00:28:05.900
to rely on human being with all the
other unreliability and propension
00:28:05.900 --> 00:28:13.270
to contest and rebell and maybe
laziness and all their human defects. So
00:28:13.270 --> 00:28:19.140
the solution they found was to. Sorry?
Okay I thought someone had asked me
00:28:19.140 --> 00:28:26.240
something. Where was I? So the solution,
yeah solution they found was to reduce
00:28:26.240 --> 00:28:31.850
these people to machines and automate
their work as much as possible. And so
00:28:31.850 --> 00:28:38.440
that's the work as a Facebook content
moderator. And just as is apparent as you
00:28:38.440 --> 00:28:44.710
can see how their work ambience and
environment is different from the fancy
00:28:44.710 --> 00:28:50.890
and glamorous image we see in architecture
magazine, each time one of these big media
00:28:50.890 --> 00:28:55.970
companies will open up headquarters
somewhere in the world. But anyway to come
00:28:55.970 --> 00:29:00.960
back to the work of Facebook content
moderator I think the way the work is
00:29:00.960 --> 00:29:10.920
automated can be compared to the way the
work of the employees in Amazon warehouses
00:29:10.920 --> 00:29:19.419
are being automated. As you know
they have to wear this kind of mini-
00:29:19.419 --> 00:29:25.060
computer on their wrist that identifies
them, that tracks them, that give them all
00:29:25.060 --> 00:29:34.020
the... monitor them, measure their
productivity in real time. And also like,
00:29:34.020 --> 00:29:40.480
allows Amazon to really remote control
them and so they work in a pretty
00:29:40.480 --> 00:29:46.940
alienating environment. Sometimes popup
online pretend that Amazon they feel this
00:29:46.940 --> 00:29:52.540
one is particularly creepy, because they
were thinking of having, of, you know,
00:29:52.540 --> 00:29:58.500
making this wrist computer even
more sophisticated and using haptic
00:29:58.500 --> 00:30:02.830
feedback so that they could direct and
remote control even more precisely the
00:30:02.830 --> 00:30:10.580
hands of the worker. So you see there is
this big push towards in certain contexts
00:30:10.580 --> 00:30:15.419
towards turning humans into robots. And
you know we're always mentioning Amazon,
00:30:15.419 --> 00:30:22.160
but this is the kind of work culture that
is being adopted elsewhere in France, but
00:30:22.160 --> 00:30:28.840
also in other European countries. There
are services such as the Auchan Drive. So
00:30:28.840 --> 00:30:32.280
if you're a customer and you don't
want to go to the supermarket to do your
00:30:32.280 --> 00:30:36.960
groceries, you do your groceries online
and 10 minutes later you arrive on the
00:30:36.960 --> 00:30:42.530
parking lot of your supermarket and
someone will be there with your grocery
00:30:42.530 --> 00:30:49.100
bags ready. And I was listening to
testimonies by people who used to work
00:30:49.100 --> 00:30:53.940
at Auchan Drive and as you can see they
wear all the same microcomputer
00:30:53.940 --> 00:30:59.140
that is also monitoring precisely all
their movement. And the thing that I found
00:30:59.140 --> 00:31:03.390
most disturbing was when they were
explaining, that they don't, when they get
00:31:03.390 --> 00:31:08.220
the list of of items they have to pick up,
they don't get you know a list that say
00:31:08.220 --> 00:31:13.660
you have to take three bananas and two
packs of soy milk. No they just get
00:31:13.660 --> 00:31:20.000
numbers that say good to this alley
another number that say this is
00:31:20.000 --> 00:31:24.780
the shelf where you have to take the item
and the number corresponding to the
00:31:24.780 --> 00:31:29.530
precise item on the shelf. And they also
they are submitted to very strict rules of
00:31:29.530 --> 00:31:35.929
being as fast as possible and I shouldn't
laugh, but they were explaining the kind
00:31:35.929 --> 00:31:41.390
of if they rebelled the kind of vengeance
their boss would have. And if they are
00:31:41.390 --> 00:31:45.790
particularly rebellious, they send them
into frozen food so they spend the day in
00:31:45.790 --> 00:31:54.580
the cold. And I'd like to have a sharp
look with you at people who also want to
00:31:54.580 --> 00:31:59.330
be closer to machines and robots. But
according to their own terms and they want
00:31:59.330 --> 00:32:05.540
to have total control over it and it's
something they do voluntarily and it's the
00:32:05.540 --> 00:32:10.610
community of so-called grinders. So these
people who don't hesitate to slice open
00:32:10.610 --> 00:32:15.940
their body to put, insert chips and
devices and magnets, into it to either
00:32:15.940 --> 00:32:22.150
facilitate their life or expand their
range of perception. And actually the
00:32:22.150 --> 00:32:27.919
first time I heard about about them was at
the Chaos Communication Congress back a
00:32:27.919 --> 00:32:36.950
long time ago in 2006 when a journalist
Quinn Norton had installed a magnet under
00:32:36.950 --> 00:32:41.750
her fingers and she could sense the
electromagnetic fields. I found that very
00:32:41.750 --> 00:32:47.950
fascinating. But as you can see the
aestetic is, it's pretty rough and gritty.
00:32:47.950 --> 00:32:52.670
It's very, it's a vision of a world to
come and of a communion with the machine
00:32:52.670 --> 00:32:58.789
that is completely aesthetically it's very
different from the one that you saw by the
00:32:58.789 --> 00:33:04.290
Silicon Valley. But I find it equally
fascinating how they take control of the
00:33:04.290 --> 00:33:12.580
way they want technology to be closer to
technology. Yes. So in the third part of
00:33:12.580 --> 00:33:17.390
my talk, the first part was about this
confusion we have between the intelligence
00:33:17.390 --> 00:33:22.910
of machine and human intelligence. The
second part was about the robotisation of
00:33:22.910 --> 00:33:28.059
the human body. And the third and
last part I would like to have a look
00:33:28.059 --> 00:33:35.560
and I don't know the type of hybridisation of
bodies, but this time not between the human body
00:33:35.560 --> 00:33:44.470
and the machine, but human body and other
animal species. So we may have actually
00:33:44.470 --> 00:33:51.000
been tinkering with their bodies for
decades since the 60s when they started
00:33:51.000 --> 00:33:58.740
taking the contraceptive pills and also
people going through want to change
00:33:58.740 --> 00:34:04.450
gender, they also tinker with their body
and the first transgender celebrity I
00:34:04.450 --> 00:34:11.099
recently found out was George Jorgensen
Jr. who started his adult life as a G.I.
00:34:11.099 --> 00:34:18.099
during World War 2 and ended his life as a
female entertainer in the US. And while
00:34:18.099 --> 00:34:22.089
assembling the slides I could not resist
adding this one because I saw it a couple
00:34:22.089 --> 00:34:28.119
of weeks ago in an exhibition - the World
Press Photo Exhibition. And it's a photo
00:34:28.119 --> 00:34:34.080
that was taken in Taiwan and Taiwan is
actually, it is a major on of the top
00:34:34.080 --> 00:34:38.630
tourist destination for medicine. People
fly to Taiwan because you get, you can get
00:34:38.630 --> 00:34:47.300
very good health care and and pretty
affordable surgery. And one of the hot
00:34:47.300 --> 00:34:53.680
niche in surgery for this kind of tourist
is actually gender reassignment surgery.
00:34:53.680 --> 00:35:01.390
So in this photo you have, the operation
is finished and the surgeon is showing to
00:35:01.390 --> 00:35:10.820
the patient her new vagina. And
before undergoing this surgery the
00:35:10.820 --> 00:35:16.119
patient of course had to go through a
course of... had to take hormones and
00:35:16.119 --> 00:35:22.210
series of hormones and one of them is
estrogen and estrogen is the primarily
00:35:22.210 --> 00:35:28.670
sex female hormone, it's the hormone
responsible for the feminization of the
00:35:28.670 --> 00:35:36.600
body and also sometimes of the emotion.
And, if you are a guy in the room you're
00:35:36.600 --> 00:35:39.680
probably thinking, well I'm going to leave
the room because I don't care about
00:35:39.680 --> 00:35:43.440
estrogen. What does it have to do with me?
And I'm going to spend the next few
00:35:43.440 --> 00:35:47.260
minutes trying to convince you that you
should you should care about estrogen.
00:35:47.260 --> 00:35:53.160
Because even fish care about estrogen it
turns out. At least the biologist. You
00:35:53.160 --> 00:35:57.380
might have heard a few years ago that
biology started to get very worrying
00:35:57.380 --> 00:36:04.160
because they discovered that some fish
population, especially the male ones, were
00:36:04.160 --> 00:36:11.110
getting feminized that their sexual organs
were both sometimes male and female and
00:36:11.110 --> 00:36:16.080
they were worried about it and they
discovered that it was the result of
00:36:16.080 --> 00:36:21.500
contact with xenoestrogen. And
xenoestrogen, everywhere in the
00:36:21.500 --> 00:36:27.619
environment, and they affect not only fish
but all animal species including human
00:36:27.619 --> 00:36:32.340
species. So when I say that they are
everywhere in the environment, it's really
00:36:32.340 --> 00:36:41.410
everywhere - only 10 minutes - They are
very often the result of industrial
00:36:41.410 --> 00:36:46.430
process so for example you can find them
in recycled plastic, in lacquers, in beauty
00:36:46.430 --> 00:36:54.050
products, in products you use to clean the
house, in wheat killers, insecticides, in
00:36:54.050 --> 00:36:58.020
PVC, they are pretty much everywhere.
Sometimes they are released by
00:36:58.020 --> 00:37:04.490
industries into the watersteam and I
wanted to show you again abstract art.
00:37:04.490 --> 00:37:08.410
It's a work by Juliette Bonneviot, and she
was really interested in these
00:37:08.410 --> 00:37:12.750
xenoestrogens. So she looked around her in
the environment where they were present
00:37:12.750 --> 00:37:19.400
then and she took all these, some of these
xenoestrogen sources I've just mentioned
00:37:19.400 --> 00:37:24.910
and she separated them according to colors
and then she crush them and turn them into
00:37:24.910 --> 00:37:31.080
powder. They then mixed them with PVC and
silicone which also contain xenoestrogens
00:37:31.080 --> 00:37:36.400
and then pulled them onto canvas and then
you have this kind of portrait of the
00:37:36.400 --> 00:37:43.670
silent colonizing chemicals that is
modifying our body and the kind of things
00:37:43.670 --> 00:37:48.150
they can do to the human body have already
been observed. So they're linked to higher
00:37:48.150 --> 00:37:56.200
cases of cancer for both men and women,
lowering of IQ, problems in fertility,
00:37:56.200 --> 00:38:05.280
early onset of puberty, etc. So we
should really be more vigilant around
00:38:05.280 --> 00:38:13.800
xenoestrogen and in the next few minutes
I'd like to mention briefly two projects
00:38:13.800 --> 00:38:20.940
where women artist exploring how
their hormones, more general their female
00:38:20.940 --> 00:38:29.690
body can be used to have other kinds of
relationships with non-human animals.
00:38:29.690 --> 00:38:35.900
So the first is a project by Ai Hasegawa,
she was in her early 30s and she had that
00:38:35.900 --> 00:38:41.140
dilemma. She thought maybe, maybe it's
time to have a child but do I really want
00:38:41.140 --> 00:38:46.530
to have a child because it's a lot of
responsibility and there is already
00:38:46.530 --> 00:38:50.540
overpopulation. But on the other hand if I
don't have a child it means that all these
00:38:50.540 --> 00:38:55.500
painful periods would have been there in
vain. She was also faced with another
00:38:55.500 --> 00:39:01.280
dilemma, is that she really likes to eat
endangered species and in particular
00:39:01.280 --> 00:39:07.400
dolphin and shark and whales and so on the
one hand she liked eating them. And on the
00:39:07.400 --> 00:39:13.280
other hand she realized that she was
contributing to their disappearance and
00:39:13.280 --> 00:39:18.360
the fact that their extinct. So she found
this solution, and this is a speculative
00:39:18.360 --> 00:39:24.190
project, but she saw it as a solution
maybe she could give birth to an
00:39:24.190 --> 00:39:28.660
endangered species, So maybe she could
become the surrogate mother of a dolphin.
00:39:28.660 --> 00:39:36.820
So using her belly as a kind of incubator
for another animal and to do this she
00:39:36.820 --> 00:39:41.520
consulted with an expert in synthetic
biology and an expert in obstetric who
00:39:41.520 --> 00:39:48.830
told her that technically it's possible,
that she would just have to resort to
00:39:48.830 --> 00:39:55.180
synthetic biology to modify the placenta
of the baby. She would not have to modify
00:39:55.180 --> 00:39:59.680
our own body but she just had to modify
the placenta of the baby to be sure
00:39:59.680 --> 00:40:04.750
that all the nutrients and the hormones
and the oxygen and everything is
00:40:04.750 --> 00:40:08.660
communicated between the mother and the
baby except the antibodies because they
00:40:08.660 --> 00:40:13.490
could damage the body. So in a scenario,
even if everything goes well, she gives
00:40:13.490 --> 00:40:20.800
birth will lovely healthy baby
Maui dolphin. And she gives it the
00:40:20.800 --> 00:40:27.609
antibodies through fat milk containing
these antibodies and she see grow. And
00:40:27.609 --> 00:40:32.760
once it's an adult he could be released
with a chip and under its skin. And then
00:40:32.760 --> 00:40:38.110
when once it's fished she can buy it and
eat it and have it again inside her own
00:40:38.110 --> 00:40:44.470
body. Well, when I first heard about the
project, I can tell you I was not
00:40:44.470 --> 00:40:48.390
laughing. I said it was really really
revolting. But the more I thought about,
00:40:48.390 --> 00:40:54.820
it the smarter I saw this project was,
because I understand it doesn't sadly make
00:40:54.820 --> 00:40:59.410
a lot of sense to give birth to yet
another human being that is going to put
00:40:59.410 --> 00:41:04.790
strain on this planet. So why not dedicate
your reproductive system to the
00:41:04.790 --> 00:41:11.620
environment and use it to help save
endanger species. And I have five minutes
00:41:11.620 --> 00:41:17.859
left so I have to make some really really
drastic choices. I wanted to talk about
00:41:17.859 --> 00:41:24.010
Maja Smrekar. I'm going to do it. So she
had a series of projects, where she is
00:41:24.010 --> 00:41:31.040
exploring the core evolution of dogs and
human and to make it very very brief. One
00:41:31.040 --> 00:41:36.630
of her performances consisted in spending
four months in a flat in Berlin with her
00:41:36.630 --> 00:41:41.540
two dogs. One of them is an adult Byron
and the other one is a puppy called Ada.
00:41:41.540 --> 00:41:46.510
And she tricked her body by some
physiological training and also by eating
00:41:46.510 --> 00:41:52.820
certain food and using a breast pump. She
treats her body to stimulate the hormone
00:41:52.820 --> 00:41:56.869
that make the body of a woman lactate,
even if she wasn't pregnant, so that she
00:41:56.869 --> 00:42:03.410
could breastfeed her puppy. And these two
projects I saw, were really are really
00:42:03.410 --> 00:42:08.859
interesting, because it shows the power of
the female body. It shows that what
00:42:08.859 --> 00:42:14.140
prevents women from having this kind of
transgender motherhood isn't is that
00:42:14.140 --> 00:42:19.960
technology. It's just it's just society
and the kind of limits that our culture is
00:42:19.960 --> 00:42:26.720
bringing on what woman can or should do
with her body. And I also like this
00:42:26.720 --> 00:42:32.190
project, because the kind of question our
anthropocentrism and our tendency to think
00:42:32.190 --> 00:42:37.859
that all the resources of the world are made
for us and not for other living creatures.
00:42:37.859 --> 00:42:43.470
So just as a parent this if you're
interested in estrogen and xenoestrogen
00:42:43.470 --> 00:42:49.860
I would recommend that you have
a look at the talk that Mary Maggic give last
00:42:49.860 --> 00:42:56.020
year had the Chaos Communication Congress
where she was talking about estrogen and
00:42:56.020 --> 00:43:01.900
then linked the history and links
to her work as a biohacker. So now my
00:43:01.900 --> 00:43:06.480
conclusion... maybe you're already wondering
why is she talking to us about artificial
00:43:06.480 --> 00:43:12.965
intelligence and transspecies motherhood?
What does it have to do with each other? I
00:43:12.965 --> 00:43:19.349
would say a lot! Because we have the
feeling that the digital world sometimes
00:43:19.349 --> 00:43:24.490
we tend to forget that behind it
there is a material world that to have
00:43:24.490 --> 00:43:29.210
artificial intelligence. You need
the infrastructure, you need the devices,
00:43:29.210 --> 00:43:35.109
you need the server farm, you need spaces
to manage these data. Physical spaces.
00:43:35.109 --> 00:43:40.540
And I would say it's a bit like the human
brain. The human brain is kind in dimensions
00:43:40.540 --> 00:43:47.040
pretty small, but apparently it's it eats
up a fifth of all the energy that our body
00:43:47.040 --> 00:43:53.560
consume. And so that means that artificial
intelligence is, it needs like a very
00:43:53.560 --> 00:43:59.810
heavy infrastructure, energy, hungry,
server farms and I'm sure you've seen all
00:43:59.810 --> 00:44:04.816
the PR stunts and the press releases of
Amazon, Google, Facebook, etc. promising
00:44:04.816 --> 00:44:09.450
you that they're transitioning that
they're going to use green energy, but the
00:44:09.450 --> 00:44:16.241
energy is not still green and they're still
using a lot of fossil fuel to pull out.
00:44:16.241 --> 00:44:22.210
Their server farms to make the devices
that we use. We still need minerals that
00:44:22.210 --> 00:44:25.930
have to be dug up from the ground,
sometimes in really horrible conditions.
00:44:25.930 --> 00:44:31.400
This is the coltan mine in the Democratic
Republic of the Congo. The minerals we
00:44:31.400 --> 00:44:36.890
use, well, they are not infinite and,
unless and it's not for tomorrow, unless we
00:44:36.890 --> 00:44:42.210
go and get these minerals in the asteroid
or in the deep sea. We are going to get
00:44:42.210 --> 00:44:47.109
into trouble very very fast and I don't
have the time for this one. But trust me
00:44:47.109 --> 00:44:52.849
the resources are not infinite. And then,
refind them and produce them. That's very
00:44:52.849 --> 00:44:59.900
very damaging for the environment. Yes. So
I have the feeling sometimes that we are a
00:44:59.900 --> 00:45:06.750
bit like the golfers in this image, that
when I go to some, not all of them, but
00:45:06.750 --> 00:45:12.050
some tech conference or art and tech
conferences, I have the feeling that we
00:45:12.050 --> 00:45:17.190
are kind of complacent and that we have
our vision of the future may be a bit
00:45:17.190 --> 00:45:21.710
narrow minded and maybe that's
normal. I guess it's like, if you go to
00:45:21.710 --> 00:45:25.800
someone who's working as a fancy job at
Silicon Valley and you ask him: "What's
00:45:25.800 --> 00:45:29.800
your vision of tomorrow? What's your
vision of the future?" And then you ask
00:45:29.800 --> 00:45:34.060
the same question to someone else, for
example is an activist for Greenpeace. Then
00:45:34.060 --> 00:45:39.280
we have a completely different
perspective, a very different answer of
00:45:39.280 --> 00:45:47.380
what the future might be. So sometimes I'm
wondering also, if we are not too obsessed
00:45:47.380 --> 00:45:51.765
with the technology and to obsess with
what I would call a techno feats. This
00:45:51.765 --> 00:45:57.450
tendency we have to see a problem and to
think, if we throw more technology on top
00:45:57.450 --> 00:46:01.870
of it we are going to solve it. Even if
the problem has been created in the first
00:46:01.870 --> 00:46:06.460
place by technology. So, that's why we get
extremely excited and I do get excited
00:46:06.460 --> 00:46:11.073
about the perspective that when they maybe
will get a baby mammoth that will be
00:46:11.073 --> 00:46:17.140
resurrected. And at the same time
we don't take care of the species that are
00:46:17.140 --> 00:46:21.790
getting instincts, you know every single
day every 24 hours. There are something
00:46:21.790 --> 00:46:28.210
like between 150 and 200 types of plants,
animals, insects that get disappeared and
00:46:28.210 --> 00:46:34.470
we'll never see again. Every single day
they disappear around the world. And yet
00:46:34.470 --> 00:46:38.070
we still get excited about the idea of
resurrecting the baby mammoth, the
00:46:38.070 --> 00:46:44.530
passenger pigeon or dodo, we still create
and breed creature, so that we can exploit
00:46:44.530 --> 00:46:50.060
them even better. Should we be looking
forward to a lab grown meat that is
00:46:50.060 --> 00:46:55.900
promised. I mean we are told that is going
to be cruelty-free and guilt-free, where it
00:46:55.900 --> 00:47:02.320
has in reality they are not totally guilt-
free and cruelty-free. And I don't think so that
00:47:02.320 --> 00:47:07.490
they are the best solution to solved the
horrible impact that the meat industry is
00:47:07.490 --> 00:47:12.790
having on the environment, on our health
and on the well-being of animals. I mean
00:47:12.790 --> 00:47:17.940
there is a solution. It's not the sexy
one. It's not a tricky one. It's to
00:47:17.940 --> 00:47:25.020
adapt to plain plant based diet and I
managed to do a bit of vegan propaganda
00:47:25.020 --> 00:47:34.090
here. Should we get excited, because there
are few vegan in the room. Should we get
00:47:34.090 --> 00:47:42.800
excited, because someone in Japan has made
some tiny drones with, on top of it, it's
00:47:42.800 --> 00:47:47.580
horse hair that they're used to pollinate
flowers, because everywhere around the
00:47:47.580 --> 00:47:54.200
world the population of bees is collapsing
and that is very bad for our food system.
00:47:54.200 --> 00:48:01.250
So should we, should we use geo
engineering to solve our climate trouble.
00:48:01.250 --> 00:48:06.260
And at the end with these slides of what
this for me ours, I see you know the
00:48:06.260 --> 00:48:12.329
service, which is for me the really the
embodiment of techno feats. So, you
00:48:12.329 --> 00:48:20.460
probably know that California has gone
through some very bad period of dry
00:48:20.460 --> 00:48:25.560
weather, so rich people wake up and they
see that the grass on their magnificent
00:48:25.560 --> 00:48:30.140
lawn is yellow instead of being green. So,
now in California you have services where
00:48:30.140 --> 00:48:34.109
you can call someone and they will just,
you know, fix the problem by painting the
00:48:34.109 --> 00:48:39.450
grass in green. So there you have it and,
you know, fuck you Anthropocene and global
00:48:39.450 --> 00:48:45.868
warming, my lawn is green!
00:48:45.868 --> 00:48:52.650
applause
00:48:52.650 --> 00:48:57.250
Okay so this how this why I wanted to
bring all these really contrasting visions
00:48:57.250 --> 00:49:02.109
together because we might have different
visions of the future but at some point
00:49:02.109 --> 00:49:08.770
they will have to dialogue because we have
only one humanity and one planet. And I'm
00:49:08.770 --> 00:49:15.890
very very bad that at conclusion. So I
wrote it down. So the artist whose work
00:49:15.890 --> 00:49:22.670
made in 2018 a truly exciting year
for me not the artist will showcase the
00:49:22.670 --> 00:49:28.230
magic and the wonders of science and
technology. They are the artists who bring
00:49:28.230 --> 00:49:33.619
to the table realistic complex and
sometimes also difficult conversation
00:49:33.619 --> 00:49:39.040
about the future whether it is the future
of technology, the future of men, or the
00:49:39.040 --> 00:49:43.830
future of other forms of life and other
forms of intelligence. They are the
00:49:43.830 --> 00:49:48.369
artists who try and establish a dialogue
between the organic, the digital and the
00:49:48.369 --> 00:49:53.510
mineral because they're all part of our
world and we cannot go on pretending that
00:49:53.510 --> 00:49:57.518
they don't affect each other. Thank you so
much.
00:49:57.518 --> 00:50:14.617
Applause
00:50:14.617 --> 00:50:20.010
Herald: Thank you Régine for the very
interesting times. Bit confusing talk
00:50:20.010 --> 00:50:29.849
about - I'm still thinking about the
dolphin part, but anyway. But by the way
00:50:29.849 --> 00:50:34.490
there's this grass painting thing is maybe
it's something that I can apply to
00:50:34.490 --> 00:50:39.970
my house. Okay. We have questions at
microphone 2, I guess. So let's start
00:50:39.970 --> 00:50:42.970
there.
Question: Hi. I have a question on a
00:50:42.970 --> 00:50:48.810
particular part at the beginning you
talked about AI in arts and you mentioned
00:50:48.810 --> 00:50:57.429
that there are no AI programs that draw
pictures or run texts but have you heard
00:50:57.429 --> 00:51:04.810
about AI developing ideas for say an art
installation?
00:51:04.810 --> 00:51:11.570
Régine: Yes as a matter of fact I think
tonight... I mean, if you're going to program
00:51:11.570 --> 00:51:17.720
and you may maybe tonight or tomorrow
night there is a talk by Maria and
00:51:17.720 --> 00:51:23.960
Nicole. There two artists and I think
that the title might be Disnovation
00:51:23.960 --> 00:51:28.010
and I think you might like what
they present. I don't know what they're
00:51:28.010 --> 00:51:33.150
going to present but what I know is that
one of their work... I forget the name... if
00:51:33.150 --> 00:51:38.540
they're in the room that would be
fantastic. But they had a project where
00:51:38.540 --> 00:51:45.339
they have a bot. It's on Twitter and it's
going through some blogs and newspaper
00:51:45.339 --> 00:51:51.769
about creativity and also about
technology and using all these data to
00:51:51.769 --> 00:51:59.839
generate really crazy stupid title for
installation . And then the artist
00:51:59.839 --> 00:52:07.339
challenge other artists to take these
tweets which are really crazy and make an
00:52:07.339 --> 00:52:14.020
installation out of it. So that's
a kind of a tricky way of AI being used
00:52:14.020 --> 00:52:18.390
for installation I'm sure. Like
right now I cannot think of about
00:52:18.390 --> 00:52:24.270
anything else but I mean if you
want you can write me and when my brain
00:52:24.270 --> 00:52:34.081
is switched on back, probably
I'll have other ideas.
00:52:34.081 --> 00:52:42.579
Herald: OK. Any more questions. I don't
see any.... Ah, there over there.
00:52:42.579 --> 00:52:48.650
Microphone 4 please.
Question: Yeah. I was wondering if, well.
00:52:48.650 --> 00:52:54.310
there's probably more certain that
we're developing to more suppose human race
00:52:54.310 --> 00:53:01.369
because we simply have to do to climate
change. There are also developments right
00:53:01.369 --> 00:53:08.359
now that when relatively short term we
would go to Mars and in a sort of sense do
00:53:08.359 --> 00:53:16.160
we need to do to fight the human race for
possible multiple planets and with modern
00:53:16.160 --> 00:53:21.787
human modification.
Régine: Okay, I didn't understand the
00:53:21.787 --> 00:53:26.710
question.
Herald: So, please repeat.
00:53:26.710 --> 00:53:35.099
Question: So in general we're going to a
human... both human race that definitely...
00:53:35.099 --> 00:53:43.010
we're not able to survive on this planet
for that long anymore. Really optimistic.
00:53:43.010 --> 00:53:52.750
I am vegan so yay. And we have
some new developments going on that we'll
00:53:52.750 --> 00:53:58.110
be able to go to Mars relatively soon.
Régine: I don't believe it. Who is going
00:53:58.110 --> 00:54:02.200
to want to go to that planet like
seriously, like it's going to be like
00:54:02.200 --> 00:54:07.570
Australia we are going to send prisoners
and criminals there. Who wants to be like
00:54:07.570 --> 00:54:15.803
Like come on. Yeah. Anyway now I
see what you mean. I think I'm kind of
00:54:15.803 --> 00:54:20.589
more optimistic about the future
than you are. I think we can still survive
00:54:20.589 --> 00:54:26.599
on this planet even if we get very
numerous. We just have to find another
00:54:26.599 --> 00:54:30.500
way to consume and take care of each
other. But maybe this my feminine side
00:54:30.500 --> 00:54:37.630
talking.
Question: Maybe in general without a lot
00:54:37.630 --> 00:54:45.030
of modification to the human
beings it's simply not possible.
00:54:45.030 --> 00:54:53.070
Certainly. I think that's a common ground.
And yeah I sort of wish we didn't need a
00:54:53.070 --> 00:54:59.290
planet B but I think we do.
Régine: Well I hope I'd be dead when that
00:54:59.290 --> 00:55:06.179
comes. That's my philosophy sometimes.
Okay.
00:55:06.179 --> 00:55:14.500
Herald: I don't see any more questions so
let's thank the speaker again. Thank you.
00:55:14.500 --> 00:55:18.144
Applause
00:55:18.144 --> 00:55:31.670
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