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35C3 preroll music
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Herald Angel: The next talk will be given[br]by Régine Debatty and she will be talking
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about the goods the strange and the ugly[br]in art and science technology in 2018. Big
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applause to Régine
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Applause
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Sound from video
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Régine: This was not supposed to[br]happen, I am sorry. Hello everyone. So my
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name is Régine Debatty. I'm an art critic[br]and blogger. Since 2004 I've been writing
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"we make money not art" which is a blog[br]that looks at the way artists, designers
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and hackers are using science and[br]technology in a critical and socially
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engaged way. So a few weeks ago some of[br]the organizers of the Congress e-mailed me
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and they asked me if I could give a kind[br]of overview of the most exciting and
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interesting works in art and technology in[br]2018. And on Monday when I started working
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on my slides I was really on a mission to[br]deliver and then we had the intention
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to give an overview of the best of art[br]and tech in 2018. But somehow things got
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out of hand. I started inserting words[br]that are a bit older and also I could see
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a kind of narrative that emerged. So the result is going to be a
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presentation where I will still show some[br]of the works I found very interesting over
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this past year. But they're going to be[br]embedded into a broader narrative. And this
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narrative is going to look at the way[br]artists nowadays are using science and
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technology to really explore and expand[br]the boundaries and the limits of the human
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body. But also they use science and technology[br]to challenge intelligence or at least the
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understanding we have of human[br]intelligence. So Exhibit 1 it's "Face
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Detected". It's actually I wouldn't say it[br]was one of my favorites work from 2018
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but it's definitely by one of my favorite[br]artists. So that's why it's in
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there. So the setting is quite easy to[br]understand. Thérise Deporter, that's the name of the artist
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had a solo show a couple of months[br]ago at the New Art Space in Andover and
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install these blocks of clay on[br]tables and then invited artists sculpters
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to come and do portraits of people and[br]start shaping their head. And of course
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you know the process was followed by the[br]audience but it was also
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followed by face recognition software. And[br]as soon as the software had detected a
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face in the sculpture the Artist would[br]receive a message that say: Stop, we
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have detected a human face. And what is[br]interesting is that
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laughter
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there are several - I mean, there's worse -
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According to the face recognition system
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- because they work with different[br]parameters and they've been programmed by
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different programmers so they don't[br]necessarily - they're not as fast as, some
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are faster than others to recognize a face, [br]some have different parameters than
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others. So that's why the results are[br]always so different. But the reason why I
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found this project worth mentioning[br]is because it shows the increasingly big
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space that is called artificial[br]intelligence. You can call it algorithm,
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big data or software. It shows the[br]increasingly big role that systems and
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machines are taking into culture and the[br]place they're taking into spheres that
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until not so long ago we thought were[br]really the apanage and exclusivity of
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humans. So for example creativity,[br]innovation, imagination and art. And
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nowadays pretty banal I mean no one is[br]going to be surprised if you're listening
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to music and someone tells you: Oh[br]it's the music that's being composed
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actually by an algorithm or this is a[br]poem or a book that's been written
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by a machine. I mean it's becoming[br]almost mainstream. And this is happening
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also in the world of visual art. And we've[br]had a few examples this year. If you look
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at the newspaper like if a mainstream[br]newspaper or we had regularly news
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saying oh this algorithmic has made this[br]masterpiece. And one of the most recent
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example was this stunning portrait of a[br]gentleman that made the headlines because
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it was the first portrait that was made by[br]an algorithm that was sold at Christie's
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And Christie's is a famous auction house. And[br]it also made the headlines not only
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because he was the first one but it sold for a surprisingly high price like
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something like forty times the original[br]estimate. This painting made by an
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algorithm created by a Paris based[br]collective. So it sold for almost half a
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million dollar. And if I have to be honest[br]with you I cannot think of any work that's
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been mostly done by an algorithm that have[br]really impressed me and move me. But it
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seems that I am in the minority because[br]you might have heard of this. These
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scientific experiments where computer[br]scientists at Rutgers University in USA.
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They made this program that could[br]replicate just make and invent abstract
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paintings. And then they asked people like[br]human beings to have a look at the
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paintings made by the computer. But they[br]mixed it, like I said they were showing
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to people they mix it with paintings that[br]had really been done by human beings that
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had been exhibited at the famous art fair Art[br]Basel. And they asked them how they react
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and which one according to them had[br]been done by a human. And it turned out
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that people responded fairly well to the[br]paintings that had been done by this
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computer system. They tended to prefer[br]them. They found them this odd. They
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described them as being more communicative and[br]more inspiring. So you know maybe one day
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I will be impressed but so far I would say[br]I would not be worried if I were an
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artist. I'm not going to say to artists or[br]you know very soon machines are going to
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take your job. Well maybe if you make that[br]kind of painting yeah maybe you should be
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worried. But the kind of artist I'm[br]interested in. I really don't like it.
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Artists I'm interested in. I really trust[br]them to keep on challenging computer
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system. I trust them to explore and[br]collaborate with them and use them to
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expand their artistic range. And most of[br]all I trust them to keep on sabotaging
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and hacking and subverting these computer[br]systems. And so yeah I'm not worried at
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all for artists but maybe I should be[br]worried for art critic. Because a few years
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ago so it's 2006 and even in the[br]artificial intelligence time it's really
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really old. So in 2006 at the Palais de Tokyo[br]in Paris an artist was showing a program
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that was generated automatically. Text[br]written by art critique and I'm sorry but
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the example is in French. But if you[br]read French. And if you use the kind of
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press releases and "blah" they give you that[br]had been written by art critique. It is
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really the kind of thing they work. It is[br]so incredible you know it's the kind of
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inflated rhetoric and uses of vague terms[br]and also constantly referencing some fancy
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French philosopher. So it really really[br]worked. So personally I would be more
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worried for my job than for the job of the[br]artist. Anyway this is another work I
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really like in 2018 and it's one of[br]these work that challenges and play and
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try to subvert artificial intelligence and[br]in particular the so-called intelligent or
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home assistance which is Alexa or Siri. So[br]you may know the artist is Mediengruppe
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Bitnik. They collaborated with a DJ and[br]electronic music composer called Low Jack
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and they made an album to be played[br]exclusively for Alexa and Siri all this
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kind of devices. And we listen to a[br]track in a moment. And what did the
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music does is, it tries to interact and[br]make Alexa react. So it asked
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questions to Alex. It gives order to[br]Alex or Siri or whatever it's called. And
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it's also trying to express and convey and[br]communicate to these devices the kind of
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anxieties and ease and doubts they have[br]the artists have. And some of us have
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around these so-called intelligent home[br]assistant. Whether it's they're frightened
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about the encroachment of privacy and[br]unreliability and the fact that they are
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called smart. So that we kind became of lower[br]guard and implicitly start to trust
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them. So I'm going to make you listen to[br]one of the tracks. There are three of them
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- at least they sent me three of them.[br]Played music track: Hello!
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music
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High speed intelligent personal assistance all[br]listening to everything I say. I brought
0:11:04.500,0:11:13.731
you into my home. You scary. Alexa, Prime's[br]new in time is now and all forever.
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music
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Alexa, I used to bark commands on you. Now I say[br]"please" and "thank you". Never mess with
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someone who knows your secrets. Siri,[br]there is no way far enough to hide. Ok,
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Google - are you laughing at me? You used[br]to answer that. Now, you disengage. Never
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enough digital street smarts to outsmart[br]Alexa. Alexa? Alexa? Hey, Alexiety, I want
0:11:54.320,0:12:01.280
my control back. I want my home back.[br]Siri, delete my calender. Siri, hold my
0:12:01.280,0:12:08.700
calls. Siri, delete my contacts. Ok,[br]Google, what's the loneliest number? Ok,
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Google, stop! Ok, Google, stop! Ok,[br]Google. Hello! Please, stop. Alexa, help!
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Alexa, disable Uber. Alexa, disable[br]lighting. Alexa, disable Amazon music
0:12:24.240,0:12:31.680
unlimited. Alexa, quit! Hey, Siri![br]Activate airplane mode. If you need me,
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I'll be offline, in the real world.[br]R: And that's it for this one.
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Next track playing
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R: Oh, my god, what is this? That is[br]why...? laughing My boyfriend is
0:12:51.830,0:12:59.810
watching, he's doing to love so much.[br]Yeah, let's be serious with a bit of art
0:12:59.810,0:13:07.080
and tech, shall we? So, there are two[br]reasons why this work is interesting. The
0:13:07.080,0:13:11.290
first one is that you don't really need to[br]have one of these devices at home to have
0:13:11.290,0:13:16.250
fun because it's been actually[br]conceived to be played as loud as
0:13:16.250,0:13:22.890
possible. So, you don't need to have to[br]have one of these devices but you
0:13:22.890,0:13:27.479
can put the music very loud, open the[br]window and hopefully it is going to
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interact with the devices of your[br]neighbors and mess a bit with their
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domesticity. The other thing that is
0:13:36.830,0:13:42.810
interesting is that of course Alexa has[br]been designed to appear as close to a
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human as possible. So each time the record[br]is asking some question the answer going
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to change slightly because it's the way[br]it's been programmed. Then also because
0:13:51.931,0:14:00.175
each time there is an update in the[br]program and so might change. And also as I
0:14:00.175,0:14:05.936
said the artist made this record to[br]communicate their doubts and anxieties
0:14:05.936,0:14:11.499
around this smart system because there's a[br]few problems around these systems. One of
0:14:11.499,0:14:17.100
them is as I'm sure you know[br]it's about surveillance because they come
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with corporate systems of surveillance[br]that are embedded into the hardware. And
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the software. And we may not realize it[br]until, you know, sometimes when you open -
0:14:26.560,0:14:31.460
one day we opened the pages of a newspaper[br]and this is a story that appeared on the
0:14:31.460,0:14:39.630
Verge a few days ago and it's the story of[br]a German citizen who e-mailed Amazon and
0:14:39.630,0:14:44.430
say look Amazon I want to know all the[br]data you've collected about me over these
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past few years. And then you received[br]these data except that he received the
0:14:48.220,0:14:54.540
wrong data. He received 1700 Alexa voice[br]recordings but he doesn't have an Alexa.
0:14:54.540,0:15:00.240
These were not his data. So he wrote back[br]to Amazon and says "Oh look I think there
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is a problem there". Amazon never answered[br]back. So what did the guy do? He went to a
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German newspaper and the reporters managed[br]to analyze the data. And they managed to
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identify who the original owner of the[br]data was and who his girlfriend is and who
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his circle of friends is. And you know if[br]you couple all the data from Alexa with
0:15:24.620,0:15:28.890
what is already available for everyone to[br]see on Facebook and other forms of social
0:15:28.890,0:15:34.710
media, you get kind of a scary and worrying[br]picture so you understand why artists and
0:15:34.710,0:15:42.380
other people might be worried and anxious[br]around Alexa. And so they're called smart
0:15:42.380,0:15:51.250
or intelligent devices, but sometimes they[br]give us advices that may not be, that I
0:15:51.250,0:15:57.229
would say, judicious and smart, such as[br]the one you might have heard of "Alexa's
0:15:57.229,0:16:05.520
advice to kill your foster parents". And[br]also they don't necessarily react to the
0:16:05.520,0:16:11.290
person they're supposed to obey. So that[br]like almost every month there is a story
0:16:11.290,0:16:16.570
in the newspaper. So this is the story of[br]Rocco the parrot and Rocco really when
0:16:16.570,0:16:23.070
he's alone at home and his owner has left[br]it's singing - it imitates very well.
0:16:23.070,0:16:28.440
There are videos of Rocco imitating the[br]voice of Alexa, it's really kinny. But
0:16:28.440,0:16:34.880
he also plays his older like, it doesn't[br]want to but, for example, he added to the
0:16:34.880,0:16:39.990
Amazon shopping basket of its owner[br]broccoli and watermelons and kites and ice
0:16:39.990,0:16:47.460
cream. And there are stories like that all[br]the time in the newspaper, when the TV
0:16:47.460,0:16:52.210
presenter talks about, say, "Okay Google[br]something or Alexa do something", and if
0:16:52.210,0:16:58.120
people are watching the TV and Alexa is in[br]the room Alexa is going to perform this
0:16:58.120,0:17:09.080
action or order some goods online. So[br]as you see this so-called smart system
0:17:09.080,0:17:14.250
isn't smart enough to differentiate[br]between the actual human being that's in
0:17:14.250,0:17:19.620
the room and that they should obey or they[br]should answer to, and voices that come
0:17:19.620,0:17:24.819
through the radio or the TV or the voices[br]of the pet. So if on the one hand
0:17:24.819,0:17:30.261
intelligent machines can be confused, I[br]have the feeling that also as human being
0:17:30.261,0:17:35.790
we are confused when it comes to, you[br]know, as soon as you throw in the arena
0:17:35.790,0:17:41.250
the words artificial intelligence, most[br]people, not you I'm sure, but most people
0:17:41.250,0:17:48.090
are ready to believe the hype. And a good[br]example of that, I would say, is you know
0:17:48.090,0:17:53.760
we keep reading how in China they have[br]this super sophisticated and highly
0:17:53.760,0:17:59.600
efficient networks of surveillance of CCTV.[br]And how they have face recognition systems
0:17:59.600,0:18:07.230
that are really really high hand and[br]highly sophisticated. So that is the
0:18:07.230,0:18:11.090
theory but the reality is that the[br]technology has limitations and also
0:18:11.090,0:18:17.640
limitations linked to bureaucracy and some[br]of the data in the files I've seen not
0:18:17.640,0:18:24.120
been digitalized. So sometimes the work of[br]the police is not aided by sophisticated
0:18:24.120,0:18:28.610
CCTV and their face recognition software,[br]but just consists of going through old
0:18:28.610,0:18:34.780
people files and photos. And yet, maybe[br]that doesn't matter if you know if the
0:18:34.780,0:18:39.640
system is not fully functional, because in[br]the case of surveillance what matters is
0:18:39.640,0:18:45.270
that we think that we might at some point[br]be under the gaze of surveillance that
0:18:45.270,0:18:54.720
might be enough to keep us docile and[br]compliant. Also, we are being told that
0:18:54.720,0:18:58.150
very soon we just have to wait for them to[br]be launched on the market. We're going to
0:18:58.150,0:19:02.890
have some fantastic autonomous car that's[br]going to drive us seamlessly from one part
0:19:02.890,0:19:10.140
of the town to the other one. And in[br]reality, we are still training them, you
0:19:10.140,0:19:16.730
and I, when we get these pop up images and[br]we are asked by the system to identify all
0:19:16.730,0:19:21.110
the squares where there is a shop window,[br]where there is a traffic sign or where
0:19:21.110,0:19:27.140
there is another vehicle. Where I want to[br]go with this is that there is still a lot
0:19:27.140,0:19:32.490
of human beings, a lot of human clocks[br]behind the machines, because artificial
0:19:32.490,0:19:38.360
intelligence is nothing without data, and[br]data is pretty useless if it's not been
0:19:38.360,0:19:44.330
targged. And so you see the emergence of[br]data tagging factory in China and it's
0:19:44.330,0:19:49.270
actually the new faces of outsourcing in[br]China, where you have people who spend the
0:19:49.270,0:19:55.540
whole day behind computer screen adding[br]dots and descriptions to images and
0:19:55.540,0:20:02.559
photo. And so artificial intelligence that[br]was supposed to, you know, free us from
0:20:02.559,0:20:10.482
very monotonous, mind-numbing and boring[br]work is still generating for us a lot of
0:20:10.482,0:20:16.760
this boring work. And these invisible[br]people behind artificial intelligence is
0:20:16.760,0:20:22.830
what Amazon, which is Amazon Mechanical[br]Turk, but it's what Amazon call
0:20:22.830,0:20:29.430
artificial intelligence. Some could photo[br]mission, and some of the characteristic of
0:20:29.430,0:20:34.980
this hidden human labor for the[br]digital factory is that it's, one, the
0:20:34.980,0:20:39.790
hyper fragmentation of the work and[br]because it's like the work is divided in
0:20:39.790,0:20:46.080
small chunks, it's loses a lot of his[br]prestige, a lot of its value, so people
0:20:46.080,0:20:50.851
are underpaid and what is a bit[br]frightening is that this kind of work
0:20:50.851,0:20:58.430
culture is actually creeping into the[br]world of creative people and freelancing
0:20:58.430,0:21:03.940
and you have platforms such as this one,[br]called Fiverr where it's also a
0:21:03.940,0:21:08.890
crowdsourcing platform where you can buy[br]the services of a person who is going to
0:21:08.890,0:21:13.570
design for you the logo of your new[br]company, or a birthday card, or a business
0:21:13.570,0:21:20.280
card, or do translation for you or shoot a[br]testimonial for your products and there is
0:21:20.280,0:21:24.840
one example there and someone who advertise[br]that they will design for you two
0:21:24.840,0:21:32.340
magnificent logos in 48 hours. And the[br]price that's it at five dollars, that's
0:21:32.340,0:21:38.850
very low - and the characteristic[br]of this kind of company is this scale of
0:21:38.850,0:21:46.580
crowdsourcing so-called services is that[br]they ruthlessly rely on precarity and
0:21:46.580,0:21:53.809
Fiverr recently had these ads, where[br]they were basically glorifying the idea of
0:21:53.809,0:22:02.820
working yourself to death. And then this.[br]Well I'm going to the third work I really
0:22:02.820,0:22:08.930
like in 2018. It was released a few months[br]ago. It's a work by Michael Mandiberg and
0:22:08.930,0:22:17.040
he wanted to make a portrait of the hidden[br]human being behind the digital factory.
0:22:17.040,0:22:23.920
And to do so he really wanted to recreate[br]or to modernized the iconic film by Charlie
0:22:23.920,0:22:30.010
Chaplin. Modern Times. It's a film from[br]1936 which was you know it was the seventh
0:22:30.010,0:22:34.760
year of the Great Depression. People[br]were struggling, being unemployed,
0:22:34.760,0:22:43.216
starving and having difficulty to get through [br]life. And Michael Mandiberg made an
0:22:43.216,0:22:49.670
update of this film, by... First of all he[br]wrote the code and the code cut the film
0:22:49.670,0:22:55.650
of Charlie Chaplin into very short clips[br]of a few seconds and then Michael
0:22:55.650,0:22:59.966
Mandiberg contacted people. He [br]found people on this platform on
0:22:59.966,0:23:04.880
Fiverr and he asked them, he gave [br]each of them a short clip. And
0:23:04.880,0:23:12.250
he asked them to recreate it as well[br]as they could. And that's what they did.
0:23:12.250,0:23:17.620
And Michael Mandiberg, I'm going to show[br]an extract. Yeah you will see, he had no
0:23:17.620,0:23:22.390
obviously no control over the location, he[br]had no control about around the production
0:23:22.390,0:23:31.260
choice. So hopefully I'm going to find[br]the correct video and not a fitness video.
0:23:31.260,0:23:32.910
So here's an extract.
0:23:32.910,0:25:19.836
music plays
0:25:19.836,0:25:29.170
I think you've got the point here. Good.[br]So with this work Michael Mandiberg tried
0:25:29.170,0:25:34.760
to do a kind of portrait of these hidden[br]digital factory and of its human clocks
0:25:34.760,0:25:39.850
But the portrait is done by the[br]freelancers, by the workers themselves and
0:25:39.850,0:25:45.580
you can see the result is kind of[br]messy and chaotic geographically disperse
0:25:45.580,0:25:56.174
and hyper-fragmented. So that it's added[br]characteristic, of the digital factory. So
0:25:56.174,0:26:03.049
carrying on with the world that is hidden,[br]I'd like to speak briefly about social
0:26:03.049,0:26:09.220
media content moderators. Maybe you know[br]this story because imagine that in
0:26:09.220,0:26:15.159
Germany, I was listening to an interview[br]with a woman who had work as a social
0:26:15.159,0:26:23.549
media content moderator for Facebook in[br]Germany and she was explaining what kind
0:26:23.549,0:26:29.150
of work she was doing. It doesn't happen[br]very often that you have testimony, because
0:26:29.150,0:26:33.310
usually the worker have to sign a[br]nondisclosure agreement. But she was
0:26:33.310,0:26:39.640
explaining that, how difficult the work is[br]because every single day, each of the
0:26:39.640,0:26:47.030
moderator has to go to 1300 tickets. So[br]1300 cases of content that have been
0:26:47.030,0:26:52.820
flagged as inappropriate or disturbing,[br]either automatically or by another users.
0:26:52.820,0:26:58.690
So you know that doesn't leave a lot of[br]time to have a thorough analysis.
0:26:58.690,0:27:05.890
And indeed she was explaining that human[br]reflection is absolutely not encouraged and
0:27:05.890,0:27:10.810
that you have all the process of[br]judging, you have only a few seconds to
0:27:10.810,0:27:14.950
judge whether or not the content has[br]to be blocked or you could stay on
0:27:14.950,0:27:19.640
Facebook. And all the process of the[br]reflection is actually reduced to a series
0:27:19.640,0:27:25.420
of automatisms. And the interesting part[br]for me was when she was explaining that at
0:27:25.420,0:27:30.170
night she was still dreaming of her work, but[br]where some of her co-workers were dreaming
0:27:30.170,0:27:36.860
of the kind of horrible content they have to[br]moderate, she was explaining how she was
0:27:36.860,0:27:42.920
actually dreaming of doing the same[br]automatic gesture over and over again. And
0:27:42.920,0:27:49.309
that's how you realized, that all these[br]big companies, they wish they could replace
0:27:49.309,0:27:54.360
workers by machines, by algorithm, by[br]robots. But some of the tasks
0:27:54.360,0:27:59.020
unfortunately the robots or the[br]algorithm cannot do them yet. So they have
0:27:59.020,0:28:05.900
to rely on human being with all the [br]other unreliability and propension
0:28:05.900,0:28:13.270
to contest and rebell and maybe[br]laziness and all their human defects. So
0:28:13.270,0:28:19.140
the solution they found was to. Sorry?[br]Okay I thought someone had asked me
0:28:19.140,0:28:26.240
something. Where was I? So the solution,[br]yeah solution they found was to reduce
0:28:26.240,0:28:31.850
these people to machines and automate[br]their work as much as possible. And so
0:28:31.850,0:28:38.440
that's the work as a Facebook content[br]moderator. And just as is apparent as you
0:28:38.440,0:28:44.710
can see how their work ambience and[br]environment is different from the fancy
0:28:44.710,0:28:50.890
and glamorous image we see in architecture[br]magazine, each time one of these big media
0:28:50.890,0:28:55.970
companies will open up headquarters[br]somewhere in the world. But anyway to come
0:28:55.970,0:29:00.960
back to the work of Facebook content[br]moderator I think the way the work is
0:29:00.960,0:29:10.920
automated can be compared to the way the[br]work of the employees in Amazon warehouses
0:29:10.920,0:29:19.419
are being automated. As you know [br]they have to wear this kind of mini-
0:29:19.419,0:29:25.060
computer on their wrist that identifies[br]them, that tracks them, that give them all
0:29:25.060,0:29:34.020
the... monitor them, measure their[br]productivity in real time. And also like,
0:29:34.020,0:29:40.480
allows Amazon to really remote control[br]them and so they work in a pretty
0:29:40.480,0:29:46.940
alienating environment. Sometimes popup[br]online pretend that Amazon they feel this
0:29:46.940,0:29:52.540
one is particularly creepy, because they[br]were thinking of having, of, you know,
0:29:52.540,0:29:58.500
making this wrist computer even [br]more sophisticated and using haptic
0:29:58.500,0:30:02.830
feedback so that they could direct and[br]remote control even more precisely the
0:30:02.830,0:30:10.580
hands of the worker. So you see there is[br]this big push towards in certain contexts
0:30:10.580,0:30:15.419
towards turning humans into robots. And[br]you know we're always mentioning Amazon,
0:30:15.419,0:30:22.160
but this is the kind of work culture that[br]is being adopted elsewhere in France, but
0:30:22.160,0:30:28.840
also in other European countries. There[br]are services such as the Auchan Drive. So
0:30:28.840,0:30:32.280
if you're a customer and you don't[br]want to go to the supermarket to do your
0:30:32.280,0:30:36.960
groceries, you do your groceries online[br]and 10 minutes later you arrive on the
0:30:36.960,0:30:42.530
parking lot of your supermarket and[br]someone will be there with your grocery
0:30:42.530,0:30:49.100
bags ready. And I was listening to[br]testimonies by people who used to work
0:30:49.100,0:30:53.940
at Auchan Drive and as you can see they[br]wear all the same microcomputer
0:30:53.940,0:30:59.140
that is also monitoring precisely all[br]their movement. And the thing that I found
0:30:59.140,0:31:03.390
most disturbing was when they were[br]explaining, that they don't, when they get
0:31:03.390,0:31:08.220
the list of of items they have to pick up,[br]they don't get you know a list that say
0:31:08.220,0:31:13.660
you have to take three bananas and two[br]packs of soy milk. No they just get
0:31:13.660,0:31:20.000
numbers that say good to this alley[br]another number that say this is
0:31:20.000,0:31:24.780
the shelf where you have to take the item[br]and the number corresponding to the
0:31:24.780,0:31:29.530
precise item on the shelf. And they also[br]they are submitted to very strict rules of
0:31:29.530,0:31:35.929
being as fast as possible and I shouldn't[br]laugh, but they were explaining the kind
0:31:35.929,0:31:41.390
of if they rebelled the kind of vengeance[br]their boss would have. And if they are
0:31:41.390,0:31:45.790
particularly rebellious, they send them[br]into frozen food so they spend the day in
0:31:45.790,0:31:54.580
the cold. And I'd like to have a sharp[br]look with you at people who also want to
0:31:54.580,0:31:59.330
be closer to machines and robots. But[br]according to their own terms and they want
0:31:59.330,0:32:05.540
to have total control over it and it's[br]something they do voluntarily and it's the
0:32:05.540,0:32:10.610
community of so-called grinders. So these[br]people who don't hesitate to slice open
0:32:10.610,0:32:15.940
their body to put, insert chips and[br]devices and magnets, into it to either
0:32:15.940,0:32:22.150
facilitate their life or expand their[br]range of perception. And actually the
0:32:22.150,0:32:27.919
first time I heard about about them was at[br]the Chaos Communication Congress back a
0:32:27.919,0:32:36.950
long time ago in 2006 when a journalist[br]Quinn Norton had installed a magnet under
0:32:36.950,0:32:41.750
her fingers and she could sense the[br]electromagnetic fields. I found that very
0:32:41.750,0:32:47.950
fascinating. But as you can see the[br]aestetic is, it's pretty rough and gritty.
0:32:47.950,0:32:52.670
It's very, it's a vision of a world to[br]come and of a communion with the machine
0:32:52.670,0:32:58.789
that is completely aesthetically it's very[br]different from the one that you saw by the
0:32:58.789,0:33:04.290
Silicon Valley. But I find it equally[br]fascinating how they take control of the
0:33:04.290,0:33:12.580
way they want technology to be closer to[br]technology. Yes. So in the third part of
0:33:12.580,0:33:17.390
my talk, the first part was about this[br]confusion we have between the intelligence
0:33:17.390,0:33:22.910
of machine and human intelligence. The[br]second part was about the robotisation of
0:33:22.910,0:33:28.059
the human body. And the third and [br]last part I would like to have a look
0:33:28.059,0:33:35.560
and I don't know the type of hybridisation of [br]bodies, but this time not between the human body
0:33:35.560,0:33:44.470
and the machine, but human body and other[br]animal species. So we may have actually
0:33:44.470,0:33:51.000
been tinkering with their bodies for[br]decades since the 60s when they started
0:33:51.000,0:33:58.740
taking the contraceptive pills and also[br]people going through want to change
0:33:58.740,0:34:04.450
gender, they also tinker with their body[br]and the first transgender celebrity I
0:34:04.450,0:34:11.099
recently found out was George Jorgensen[br]Jr. who started his adult life as a G.I.
0:34:11.099,0:34:18.099
during World War 2 and ended his life as a[br]female entertainer in the US. And while
0:34:18.099,0:34:22.089
assembling the slides I could not resist[br]adding this one because I saw it a couple
0:34:22.089,0:34:28.119
of weeks ago in an exhibition - the World[br]Press Photo Exhibition. And it's a photo
0:34:28.119,0:34:34.080
that was taken in Taiwan and Taiwan is[br]actually, it is a major on of the top
0:34:34.080,0:34:38.630
tourist destination for medicine. People[br]fly to Taiwan because you get, you can get
0:34:38.630,0:34:47.300
very good health care and and pretty[br]affordable surgery. And one of the hot
0:34:47.300,0:34:53.680
niche in surgery for this kind of tourist[br]is actually gender reassignment surgery.
0:34:53.680,0:35:01.390
So in this photo you have, the operation[br]is finished and the surgeon is showing to
0:35:01.390,0:35:10.820
the patient her new vagina. And[br]before undergoing this surgery the
0:35:10.820,0:35:16.119
patient of course had to go through a[br]course of... had to take hormones and
0:35:16.119,0:35:22.210
series of hormones and one of them is[br]estrogen and estrogen is the primarily
0:35:22.210,0:35:28.670
sex female hormone, it's the hormone[br]responsible for the feminization of the
0:35:28.670,0:35:36.600
body and also sometimes of the emotion.[br]And, if you are a guy in the room you're
0:35:36.600,0:35:39.680
probably thinking, well I'm going to leave[br]the room because I don't care about
0:35:39.680,0:35:43.440
estrogen. What does it have to do with me?[br]And I'm going to spend the next few
0:35:43.440,0:35:47.260
minutes trying to convince you that you[br]should you should care about estrogen.
0:35:47.260,0:35:53.160
Because even fish care about estrogen it[br]turns out. At least the biologist. You
0:35:53.160,0:35:57.380
might have heard a few years ago that[br]biology started to get very worrying
0:35:57.380,0:36:04.160
because they discovered that some fish[br]population, especially the male ones, were
0:36:04.160,0:36:11.110
getting feminized that their sexual organs[br]were both sometimes male and female and
0:36:11.110,0:36:16.080
they were worried about it and they[br]discovered that it was the result of
0:36:16.080,0:36:21.500
contact with xenoestrogen. And[br]xenoestrogen, everywhere in the
0:36:21.500,0:36:27.619
environment, and they affect not only fish[br]but all animal species including human
0:36:27.619,0:36:32.340
species. So when I say that they are[br]everywhere in the environment, it's really
0:36:32.340,0:36:41.410
everywhere - only 10 minutes - They are[br]very often the result of industrial
0:36:41.410,0:36:46.430
process so for example you can find them[br]in recycled plastic, in lacquers, in beauty
0:36:46.430,0:36:54.050
products, in products you use to clean the[br]house, in wheat killers, insecticides, in
0:36:54.050,0:36:58.020
PVC, they are pretty much everywhere.[br]Sometimes they are released by
0:36:58.020,0:37:04.490
industries into the watersteam and I[br]wanted to show you again abstract art.
0:37:04.490,0:37:08.410
It's a work by Juliette Bonneviot, and she[br]was really interested in these
0:37:08.410,0:37:12.750
xenoestrogens. So she looked around her in[br]the environment where they were present
0:37:12.750,0:37:19.400
then and she took all these, some of these[br]xenoestrogen sources I've just mentioned
0:37:19.400,0:37:24.910
and she separated them according to colors[br]and then she crush them and turn them into
0:37:24.910,0:37:31.080
powder. They then mixed them with PVC and[br]silicone which also contain xenoestrogens
0:37:31.080,0:37:36.400
and then pulled them onto canvas and then[br]you have this kind of portrait of the
0:37:36.400,0:37:43.670
silent colonizing chemicals that is[br]modifying our body and the kind of things
0:37:43.670,0:37:48.150
they can do to the human body have already[br]been observed. So they're linked to higher
0:37:48.150,0:37:56.200
cases of cancer for both men and women,[br]lowering of IQ, problems in fertility,
0:37:56.200,0:38:05.280
early onset of puberty, etc. So we [br]should really be more vigilant around
0:38:05.280,0:38:13.800
xenoestrogen and in the next few minutes[br]I'd like to mention briefly two projects
0:38:13.800,0:38:20.940
where women artist exploring how[br]their hormones, more general their female
0:38:20.940,0:38:29.690
body can be used to have other kinds of[br]relationships with non-human animals.
0:38:29.690,0:38:35.900
So the first is a project by Ai Hasegawa,[br]she was in her early 30s and she had that
0:38:35.900,0:38:41.140
dilemma. She thought maybe, maybe it's[br]time to have a child but do I really want
0:38:41.140,0:38:46.530
to have a child because it's a lot of[br]responsibility and there is already
0:38:46.530,0:38:50.540
overpopulation. But on the other hand if I[br]don't have a child it means that all these
0:38:50.540,0:38:55.500
painful periods would have been there in[br]vain. She was also faced with another
0:38:55.500,0:39:01.280
dilemma, is that she really likes to eat[br]endangered species and in particular
0:39:01.280,0:39:07.400
dolphin and shark and whales and so on the[br]one hand she liked eating them. And on the
0:39:07.400,0:39:13.280
other hand she realized that she was[br]contributing to their disappearance and
0:39:13.280,0:39:18.360
the fact that their extinct. So she found[br]this solution, and this is a speculative
0:39:18.360,0:39:24.190
project, but she saw it as a solution[br]maybe she could give birth to an
0:39:24.190,0:39:28.660
endangered species, So maybe she could[br]become the surrogate mother of a dolphin.
0:39:28.660,0:39:36.820
So using her belly as a kind of incubator[br]for another animal and to do this she
0:39:36.820,0:39:41.520
consulted with an expert in synthetic[br]biology and an expert in obstetric who
0:39:41.520,0:39:48.830
told her that technically it's possible,[br]that she would just have to resort to
0:39:48.830,0:39:55.180
synthetic biology to modify the placenta[br]of the baby. She would not have to modify
0:39:55.180,0:39:59.680
our own body but she just had to modify[br]the placenta of the baby to be sure
0:39:59.680,0:40:04.750
that all the nutrients and the hormones[br]and the oxygen and everything is
0:40:04.750,0:40:08.660
communicated between the mother and the[br]baby except the antibodies because they
0:40:08.660,0:40:13.490
could damage the body. So in a scenario,[br]even if everything goes well, she gives
0:40:13.490,0:40:20.800
birth will lovely healthy baby[br]Maui dolphin. And she gives it the
0:40:20.800,0:40:27.609
antibodies through fat milk containing[br]these antibodies and she see grow. And
0:40:27.609,0:40:32.760
once it's an adult he could be released[br]with a chip and under its skin. And then
0:40:32.760,0:40:38.110
when once it's fished she can buy it and[br]eat it and have it again inside her own
0:40:38.110,0:40:44.470
body. Well, when I first heard about the[br]project, I can tell you I was not
0:40:44.470,0:40:48.390
laughing. I said it was really really[br]revolting. But the more I thought about,
0:40:48.390,0:40:54.820
it the smarter I saw this project was,[br]because I understand it doesn't sadly make
0:40:54.820,0:40:59.410
a lot of sense to give birth to yet[br]another human being that is going to put
0:40:59.410,0:41:04.790
strain on this planet. So why not dedicate[br]your reproductive system to the
0:41:04.790,0:41:11.620
environment and use it to help save [br]endanger species. And I have five minutes
0:41:11.620,0:41:17.859
left so I have to make some really really[br]drastic choices. I wanted to talk about
0:41:17.859,0:41:24.010
Maja Smrekar. I'm going to do it. So she[br]had a series of projects, where she is
0:41:24.010,0:41:31.040
exploring the core evolution of dogs and[br]human and to make it very very brief. One
0:41:31.040,0:41:36.630
of her performances consisted in spending[br]four months in a flat in Berlin with her
0:41:36.630,0:41:41.540
two dogs. One of them is an adult Byron[br]and the other one is a puppy called Ada.
0:41:41.540,0:41:46.510
And she tricked her body by some[br]physiological training and also by eating
0:41:46.510,0:41:52.820
certain food and using a breast pump. She[br]treats her body to stimulate the hormone
0:41:52.820,0:41:56.869
that make the body of a woman lactate,[br]even if she wasn't pregnant, so that she
0:41:56.869,0:42:03.410
could breastfeed her puppy. And these two[br]projects I saw, were really are really
0:42:03.410,0:42:08.859
interesting, because it shows the power of[br]the female body. It shows that what
0:42:08.859,0:42:14.140
prevents women from having this kind of[br]transgender motherhood isn't is that
0:42:14.140,0:42:19.960
technology. It's just it's just society[br]and the kind of limits that our culture is
0:42:19.960,0:42:26.720
bringing on what woman can or should do[br]with her body. And I also like this
0:42:26.720,0:42:32.190
project, because the kind of question our[br]anthropocentrism and our tendency to think
0:42:32.190,0:42:37.859
that all the resources of the world are made[br]for us and not for other living creatures.
0:42:37.859,0:42:43.470
So just as a parent this if you're[br]interested in estrogen and xenoestrogen
0:42:43.470,0:42:49.860
I would recommend that you have[br]a look at the talk that Mary Maggic give last
0:42:49.860,0:42:56.020
year had the Chaos Communication Congress[br]where she was talking about estrogen and
0:42:56.020,0:43:01.900
then linked the history and links[br]to her work as a biohacker. So now my
0:43:01.900,0:43:06.480
conclusion... maybe you're already wondering[br]why is she talking to us about artificial
0:43:06.480,0:43:12.965
intelligence and transspecies motherhood?[br]What does it have to do with each other? I
0:43:12.965,0:43:19.349
would say a lot! Because we have the[br]feeling that the digital world sometimes
0:43:19.349,0:43:24.490
we tend to forget that behind it[br]there is a material world that to have
0:43:24.490,0:43:29.210
artificial intelligence. You need[br]the infrastructure, you need the devices,
0:43:29.210,0:43:35.109
you need the server farm, you need spaces[br]to manage these data. Physical spaces.
0:43:35.109,0:43:40.540
And I would say it's a bit like the human[br]brain. The human brain is kind in dimensions
0:43:40.540,0:43:47.040
pretty small, but apparently it's it eats[br]up a fifth of all the energy that our body
0:43:47.040,0:43:53.560
consume. And so that means that artificial[br]intelligence is, it needs like a very
0:43:53.560,0:43:59.810
heavy infrastructure, energy, hungry,[br]server farms and I'm sure you've seen all
0:43:59.810,0:44:04.816
the PR stunts and the press releases of[br]Amazon, Google, Facebook, etc. promising
0:44:04.816,0:44:09.450
you that they're transitioning that[br]they're going to use green energy, but the
0:44:09.450,0:44:16.241
energy is not still green and they're still[br]using a lot of fossil fuel to pull out.
0:44:16.241,0:44:22.210
Their server farms to make the devices[br]that we use. We still need minerals that
0:44:22.210,0:44:25.930
have to be dug up from the ground,[br]sometimes in really horrible conditions.
0:44:25.930,0:44:31.400
This is the coltan mine in the Democratic[br]Republic of the Congo. The minerals we
0:44:31.400,0:44:36.890
use, well, they are not infinite and,[br]unless and it's not for tomorrow, unless we
0:44:36.890,0:44:42.210
go and get these minerals in the asteroid[br]or in the deep sea. We are going to get
0:44:42.210,0:44:47.109
into trouble very very fast and I don't[br]have the time for this one. But trust me
0:44:47.109,0:44:52.849
the resources are not infinite. And then,[br]refind them and produce them. That's very
0:44:52.849,0:44:59.900
very damaging for the environment. Yes. So[br]I have the feeling sometimes that we are a
0:44:59.900,0:45:06.750
bit like the golfers in this image, that[br]when I go to some, not all of them, but
0:45:06.750,0:45:12.050
some tech conference or art and tech[br]conferences, I have the feeling that we
0:45:12.050,0:45:17.190
are kind of complacent and that we have[br]our vision of the future may be a bit
0:45:17.190,0:45:21.710
narrow minded and maybe that's [br]normal. I guess it's like, if you go to
0:45:21.710,0:45:25.800
someone who's working as a fancy job at[br]Silicon Valley and you ask him: "What's
0:45:25.800,0:45:29.800
your vision of tomorrow? What's your[br]vision of the future?" And then you ask
0:45:29.800,0:45:34.060
the same question to someone else, for[br]example is an activist for Greenpeace. Then
0:45:34.060,0:45:39.280
we have a completely different[br]perspective, a very different answer of
0:45:39.280,0:45:47.380
what the future might be. So sometimes I'm[br]wondering also, if we are not too obsessed
0:45:47.380,0:45:51.765
with the technology and to obsess with[br]what I would call a techno feats. This
0:45:51.765,0:45:57.450
tendency we have to see a problem and to[br]think, if we throw more technology on top
0:45:57.450,0:46:01.870
of it we are going to solve it. Even if[br]the problem has been created in the first
0:46:01.870,0:46:06.460
place by technology. So, that's why we get[br]extremely excited and I do get excited
0:46:06.460,0:46:11.073
about the perspective that when they maybe[br]will get a baby mammoth that will be
0:46:11.073,0:46:17.140
resurrected. And at the same time[br]we don't take care of the species that are
0:46:17.140,0:46:21.790
getting instincts, you know every single[br]day every 24 hours. There are something
0:46:21.790,0:46:28.210
like between 150 and 200 types of plants,[br]animals, insects that get disappeared and
0:46:28.210,0:46:34.470
we'll never see again. Every single day[br]they disappear around the world. And yet
0:46:34.470,0:46:38.070
we still get excited about the idea of[br]resurrecting the baby mammoth, the
0:46:38.070,0:46:44.530
passenger pigeon or dodo, we still create [br]and breed creature, so that we can exploit
0:46:44.530,0:46:50.060
them even better. Should we be looking[br]forward to a lab grown meat that is
0:46:50.060,0:46:55.900
promised. I mean we are told that is going[br]to be cruelty-free and guilt-free, where it
0:46:55.900,0:47:02.320
has in reality they are not totally guilt-[br]free and cruelty-free. And I don't think so that
0:47:02.320,0:47:07.490
they are the best solution to solved the[br]horrible impact that the meat industry is
0:47:07.490,0:47:12.790
having on the environment, on our health[br]and on the well-being of animals. I mean
0:47:12.790,0:47:17.940
there is a solution. It's not the sexy[br]one. It's not a tricky one. It's to
0:47:17.940,0:47:25.020
adapt to plain plant based diet and I[br]managed to do a bit of vegan propaganda
0:47:25.020,0:47:34.090
here. Should we get excited, because there[br]are few vegan in the room. Should we get
0:47:34.090,0:47:42.800
excited, because someone in Japan has made[br]some tiny drones with, on top of it, it's
0:47:42.800,0:47:47.580
horse hair that they're used to pollinate[br]flowers, because everywhere around the
0:47:47.580,0:47:54.200
world the population of bees is collapsing[br]and that is very bad for our food system.
0:47:54.200,0:48:01.250
So should we, should we use geo[br]engineering to solve our climate trouble.
0:48:01.250,0:48:06.260
And at the end with these slides of what[br]this for me ours, I see you know the
0:48:06.260,0:48:12.329
service, which is for me the really the[br]embodiment of techno feats. So, you
0:48:12.329,0:48:20.460
probably know that California has gone[br]through some very bad period of dry
0:48:20.460,0:48:25.560
weather, so rich people wake up and they[br]see that the grass on their magnificent
0:48:25.560,0:48:30.140
lawn is yellow instead of being green. So,[br]now in California you have services where
0:48:30.140,0:48:34.109
you can call someone and they will just,[br]you know, fix the problem by painting the
0:48:34.109,0:48:39.450
grass in green. So there you have it and,[br]you know, fuck you Anthropocene and global
0:48:39.450,0:48:45.868
warming, my lawn is green!
0:48:45.868,0:48:52.650
applause
0:48:52.650,0:48:57.250
Okay so this how this why I wanted to[br]bring all these really contrasting visions
0:48:57.250,0:49:02.109
together because we might have different[br]visions of the future but at some point
0:49:02.109,0:49:08.770
they will have to dialogue because we have[br]only one humanity and one planet. And I'm
0:49:08.770,0:49:15.890
very very bad that at conclusion. So I[br]wrote it down. So the artist whose work
0:49:15.890,0:49:22.670
made in 2018 a truly exciting year[br]for me not the artist will showcase the
0:49:22.670,0:49:28.230
magic and the wonders of science and[br]technology. They are the artists who bring
0:49:28.230,0:49:33.619
to the table realistic complex and[br]sometimes also difficult conversation
0:49:33.619,0:49:39.040
about the future whether it is the future[br]of technology, the future of men, or the
0:49:39.040,0:49:43.830
future of other forms of life and other[br]forms of intelligence. They are the
0:49:43.830,0:49:48.369
artists who try and establish a dialogue[br]between the organic, the digital and the
0:49:48.369,0:49:53.510
mineral because they're all part of our[br]world and we cannot go on pretending that
0:49:53.510,0:49:57.518
they don't affect each other. Thank you so[br]much.
0:49:57.518,0:50:14.617
Applause
0:50:14.617,0:50:20.010
Herald: Thank you Régine for the very[br]interesting times. Bit confusing talk
0:50:20.010,0:50:29.849
about - I'm still thinking about the[br]dolphin part, but anyway. But by the way
0:50:29.849,0:50:34.490
there's this grass painting thing is maybe[br]it's something that I can apply to
0:50:34.490,0:50:39.970
my house. Okay. We have questions at[br]microphone 2, I guess. So let's start
0:50:39.970,0:50:42.970
there.[br]Question: Hi. I have a question on a
0:50:42.970,0:50:48.810
particular part at the beginning you[br]talked about AI in arts and you mentioned
0:50:48.810,0:50:57.429
that there are no AI programs that draw[br]pictures or run texts but have you heard
0:50:57.429,0:51:04.810
about AI developing ideas for say an art[br]installation?
0:51:04.810,0:51:11.570
Régine: Yes as a matter of fact I think[br]tonight... I mean, if you're going to program
0:51:11.570,0:51:17.720
and you may maybe tonight or tomorrow[br]night there is a talk by Maria and
0:51:17.720,0:51:23.960
Nicole. There two artists and I think[br]that the title might be Disnovation
0:51:23.960,0:51:28.010
and I think you might like what[br]they present. I don't know what they're
0:51:28.010,0:51:33.150
going to present but what I know is that[br]one of their work... I forget the name... if
0:51:33.150,0:51:38.540
they're in the room that would be[br]fantastic. But they had a project where
0:51:38.540,0:51:45.339
they have a bot. It's on Twitter and it's[br]going through some blogs and newspaper
0:51:45.339,0:51:51.769
about creativity and also about [br]technology and using all these data to
0:51:51.769,0:51:59.839
generate really crazy stupid title for[br]installation . And then the artist
0:51:59.839,0:52:07.339
challenge other artists to take these[br]tweets which are really crazy and make an
0:52:07.339,0:52:14.020
installation out of it. So that's[br]a kind of a tricky way of AI being used
0:52:14.020,0:52:18.390
for installation I'm sure. Like[br]right now I cannot think of about
0:52:18.390,0:52:24.270
anything else but I mean if you [br]want you can write me and when my brain
0:52:24.270,0:52:34.081
is switched on back, probably[br]I'll have other ideas.
0:52:34.081,0:52:42.579
Herald: OK. Any more questions. I don't[br]see any.... Ah, there over there.
0:52:42.579,0:52:48.650
Microphone 4 please.[br]Question: Yeah. I was wondering if, well.
0:52:48.650,0:52:54.310
there's probably more certain that[br]we're developing to more suppose human race
0:52:54.310,0:53:01.369
because we simply have to do to climate[br]change. There are also developments right
0:53:01.369,0:53:08.359
now that when relatively short term we[br]would go to Mars and in a sort of sense do
0:53:08.359,0:53:16.160
we need to do to fight the human race for[br]possible multiple planets and with modern
0:53:16.160,0:53:21.787
human modification.[br]Régine: Okay, I didn't understand the
0:53:21.787,0:53:26.710
question.[br]Herald: So, please repeat.
0:53:26.710,0:53:35.099
Question: So in general we're going to a[br]human... both human race that definitely...
0:53:35.099,0:53:43.010
we're not able to survive on this planet[br]for that long anymore. Really optimistic.
0:53:43.010,0:53:52.750
I am vegan so yay. And we have[br]some new developments going on that we'll
0:53:52.750,0:53:58.110
be able to go to Mars relatively soon.[br]Régine: I don't believe it. Who is going
0:53:58.110,0:54:02.200
to want to go to that planet like [br]seriously, like it's going to be like
0:54:02.200,0:54:07.570
Australia we are going to send prisoners[br]and criminals there. Who wants to be like
0:54:07.570,0:54:15.803
Like come on. Yeah. Anyway now I[br]see what you mean. I think I'm kind of
0:54:15.803,0:54:20.589
more optimistic about the future[br]than you are. I think we can still survive
0:54:20.589,0:54:26.599
on this planet even if we get very[br]numerous. We just have to find another
0:54:26.599,0:54:30.500
way to consume and take care of each[br]other. But maybe this my feminine side
0:54:30.500,0:54:37.630
talking.[br]Question: Maybe in general without a lot
0:54:37.630,0:54:45.030
of modification to the human[br]beings it's simply not possible.
0:54:45.030,0:54:53.070
Certainly. I think that's a common ground.[br]And yeah I sort of wish we didn't need a
0:54:53.070,0:54:59.290
planet B but I think we do.[br]Régine: Well I hope I'd be dead when that
0:54:59.290,0:55:06.179
comes. That's my philosophy sometimes.[br]Okay.
0:55:06.179,0:55:14.500
Herald: I don't see any more questions so[br]let's thank the speaker again. Thank you.
0:55:14.500,0:55:18.144
Applause
0:55:18.144,0:55:31.670
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