[Script Info]
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[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:03.37,0:00:06.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I may not get there with you.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:06.23,0:00:09.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I want you to know tonight,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:09.03,0:00:13.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we, as a people, will get to the Promised Land.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.92,0:00:17.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Human progress is neither automatic, nor inevitable.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.48,0:00:18.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Welcome to WatchMojo.com,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.95,0:00:23.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And today we'll be learning more about the history of the American Civil Rights Movement.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.62,0:00:29.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The end of the American Civil War in 1865 effectively meant the end of slavery.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.20,0:00:34.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But, African Americans were in for a long struggle before they were finally awarded equal rights.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.70,0:00:39.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As of 1870, all eligible male citizens were able to vote.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.29,0:00:44.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However, blacks were discouraged to by violence and eventually legal stipulations.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.76,0:00:51.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 1896, the Supreme Court ruled to maintain racial segregation in private businesses,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:51.14,0:00:53.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a case called Plessy v. Ferguson.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.56,0:00:55.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Soon broadened to include schools,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.42,0:01:00.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,many southern states applied this 'separate but equal' mentality to all aspects of life.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.84,0:01:04.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However, this led to the application of Jim Crow laws,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.76,0:01:08.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which resulted in blacks being treated as second-class citizens.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.73,0:01:12.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Segregated schools, public transit, restrooms,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.10,0:01:15.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,water fountains and more continued well into the 1900s.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.97,0:01:20.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 1909, a group of prominent black and white campaigners
Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.08,0:01:25.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,created the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People or NAACP.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.92,0:01:31.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Their goal was to increase racial equality and challenge issues like the Jim Crow laws.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.36,0:01:36.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Unfortunately, it was between 1910 and 1930 that white supremacist group
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.63,0:01:41.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Ku Klux Klan saw its biggest expansion amid increased racial friction.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.31,0:01:42.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Following the First World War,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.85,0:01:47.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the NAACP was devoted to ending lynching by white vigilantes.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:47.48,0:01:50.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By mid-century, the group became instrumental
Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.31,0:01:54.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the Brown v. the Board of Education of Topeka court case.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.31,0:02:00.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This class-action suit filed in 1951 asked that segregation in schools be struck down.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:00.08,0:02:01.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Taken to the Supreme Court,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.45,0:02:08.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the case resulted in the first integrated school in the United States to open in the fall of 1955.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.23,0:02:13.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Encouraged by the decision, the Civil Rights Movement began to hold high-profile boycotts,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.45,0:02:16.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,marches, sit-ins and other peaceful protests.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.97,0:02:22.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These included 1955’s Montgomery Bus Boycott in support of Rosa Parks.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.72,0:02:25.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A watershed moment came in 1957
Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.28,0:02:29.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when a high school in Arkansas admitted a group of African American students,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:29.48,0:02:31.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,nicknamed the Little Rock Nine.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.45,0:02:36.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Protested by fellow students, the governor, and even the state’s National Guard,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.20,0:02:41.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,President Dwight Eisenhower eventually intervened to ensure the students’ safe passage.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.26,0:02:44.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By 1962, Universities also began integrating,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:44.100,0:02:48.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,though black students were still met with protests and violence.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.54,0:02:51.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Southern Freedom Movement continued into the '60s,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.70,0:02:55.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with support from newly-elected President John F. Kennedy and his brother:
Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.80,0:02:57.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Attorney General, Robert Kennedy.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.68,0:03:00.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The violence of the Birmingham, Alabama campaign
Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.31,0:03:03.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,influenced the President to fully endorse the movement.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.47,0:03:09.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A great change is at hand, and our task, our obligation,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:09.00,0:03:13.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is to make that revolution, that change, peaceful and constructive for all.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:13.73,0:03:18.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On June 19th, 1963, he proposed a Civil Rights Bill to Congress,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.85,0:03:24.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which was approved in 1964 after his death with support from President Lyndon Johnson.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.82,0:03:28.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The bill struck down existing legislation that allowed for discrimination,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.98,0:03:32.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and its approval was largely influenced by Martin Luther King Jr.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.73,0:03:36.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the March on Washington of August 1963.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.18,0:03:49.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Capturing the attention of the media and the population,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.01,0:03:53.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this event attracted hundreds of thousands of people in support of civil rights.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.79,0:03:59.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Following that, the Voting Rights Act of 1965 ended the prejudiced voting system.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:59.63,0:04:04.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Instantly effective, blacks began voting and running for public office.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:04.08,0:04:06.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However, just days later on August 11th,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.74,0:04:12.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a violent six-day riot in the Los Angeles neighborhood of Watts resulted in 34 deaths.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.54,0:04:18.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This was indicative of a period of racially-motivated violence that occurred in the mid-to-late 1960s.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.91,0:04:24.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This era also saw the rise of Black Power, led in large part by Stokely Carmichael,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:24.24,0:04:27.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in opposition to extremists like the Ku Klux Klan.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.36,0:04:30.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This ideology was exemplified by the Black Panther Party,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:30.99,0:04:34.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which followed the principles set forth by Malcolm X.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.15,0:04:40.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Rising to prominence in the 1950s, his radical ideas advocated militancy for blacks.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.32,0:04:41.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Black poeple are dissatisfied.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:41.95,0:04:44.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're dissatisfied not only with the white man,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:44.12,0:04:47.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but they're dissatisfied with these Negroes who have been sitting around posing as leaders
Dialogue: 0,0:04:47.75,0:04:49.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and spokesmen for black people
Dialogue: 0,0:04:49.76,0:04:52.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and actually making the problem worse instead of making the problem better.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:52.59,0:04:59.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He remained an influential and controversial human rights activist until his assassination in 1965.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:59.39,0:05:05.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The murders of civil rights leaders continued when Martin Luther King Jr. was killed in April 1968,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:05.39,0:05:07.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and Robert Kennedy two months later.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:07.60,0:05:12.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Despite racial tensions continuing into the 1990s, progress has been measurable.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:12.76,0:05:16.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The election of President Barack Obama in 2008 is seen by many
Dialogue: 0,0:05:16.68,0:05:21.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to be a culmination of centuries of work in favor of racial equality.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:21.20,0:05:23.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is the meaning of our liberty and our creed,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:23.46,0:05:27.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,why men and women and children of every race and every faith
Dialogue: 0,0:05:27.55,0:05:32.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can join in celebration across this magnificent mall,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:32.69,0:05:35.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and why a man whose father less than sixty years ago
Dialogue: 0,0:05:35.87,0:05:38.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,might not have been served at a local restaurant
Dialogue: 0,0:05:38.91,0:05:45.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can now stand before you to take a most sacred oath.