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[How to transcribe]

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Transcribing means creating
same-language subtitles.

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OK, but what do we need transcripts for?

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Well, same-language subtitles
help in three ways.

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They allow
Deaf and hard-of-hearing viewers

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to access the talk.

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They help to spread
the ideas in the talk online,

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because once a video has a transcript,

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it will show up in Google
when people search for related topics.

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And finally, once a talk has a transcript,

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it can be translated into other languages
and set free into the world.

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So, OK, what's transcribing like?

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Generally, while transcribing,
you'll type down what you hear

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and set up the time
when the subtitle shows up

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and when it disappears.

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However, there are a few
other simple rules

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to keep in mind while you're working
on your transcript.

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Don't transcribe slips of the tongue
and obvious mistakes,

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like when the speaker says
"we thinks" instead of "we think."

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Make every subtitle
a clean little bit of text,

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even if the speaker
changes their mind mid-sentence

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or is struggling with grammar
when giving a talk in a foreign language.

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Keep to the limits for line length,
subtitle length and reading speed.

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And remember that,
just like when you're translating,

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on rare occasions,
when adjusting the timing doesn't help,

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you will need to compress
the text in the subtitle

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to maintain the reading speed.

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Try to synchronize the subtitle
with what is being said.

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It's OK to have your subtitle run a little
into the time the next sentence is spoken,

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especially if you need that
for good reading speed.

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However, don't start your subtitle
more than about 100 milliseconds

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before the next sentence is spoken.

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Otherwise, you'll be giving the viewer
a weird sense of precognition

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when they see the speaker's body language
doesn't match the subtitle.

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And don't let the subtitle stay
on the screen longer than about 1 second

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after the speaker says
the equivalent bit of speech.

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Don't end the subtitle
with a bit of the next sentence.

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As much as possible, make your subtitles
full sentences or clauses.

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This will make them easier to follow,

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but it will also make them
easier to translate,

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since the grammar of the target language

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may make it impossible
to divide the sentence

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the way it's split up in the transcript.

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Include sound information
for Deaf and hard-of-hearing viewers.

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Using parentheses,

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indicate where there's laughter,
music and applause,

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identify off-screen speaker changes

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and describe every other sound
essential to understanding the talk.

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Don't have any subtitle display
shorter than 1 second and longer than 7.

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For longer bits of music or applause,

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just let the sound information display
for the first 3 seconds,

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and then indicate when the sound ends.

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If there is on-screen text
in the language of the talk,

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like embedded subtitles
in a video played on the stage,

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transcribe this text if it's possible
without overlapping other subtitles.

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This will allow that on-screen text
to be translated into other languages.

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And to indicate that it's on-screen text
and not what the speaker is saying,

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use square brackets.

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Do some research to get the right spelling
of the proper names used in the talk.

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If you can't make out
what the speaker is saying,

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ask in the "I transcribe TEDx talks" group

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or in your language's group on Facebook.

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And most of all,
remember that by transcribing,

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you're doing the whole world
a great service,

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because you allow the ideas in the talk
to reach a wider, global audience.

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If you want to learn more
about transcribing,

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check out our more detailed guide,
"How to tackle a Transcript."

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And for now,
happy transcribing and translating!