0:00:00.000,0:00:02.699 [cheers] 0:00:04.868,0:00:06.936 Thank you. 0:00:07.013,0:00:14.597 [cheers] 0:00:14.597,0:00:16.623 Thank you. 0:00:16.623,0:00:21.058 [cheers] 0:00:21.058,0:00:23.991 Thank you so much. 0:00:23.991,0:00:27.695 [cheers] 0:00:27.695,0:00:29.813 Thank you. 0:00:29.813,0:00:38.478 [cheers] 0:00:39.925,0:00:45.308 To Graça Machel and the Mandela family; 0:00:45.555,0:00:51.100 To President Zuma and members of the government; 0:00:51.439,0:00:54.357 to heads of states and goverments 0:00:54.357,0:00:57.275 -- past and present -- 0:00:57.275,0:01:00.194 distinguished guests. 0:01:00.518,0:01:05.139 It is a singular honor to be with you today 0:01:05.139,0:01:09.539 to celebrate a life like no other 0:01:10.771,0:01:13.580 To the people of South Africa 0:01:13.580,0:01:22.629 [cheers] 0:01:22.907,0:01:28.490 People of every race and every walk of life 0:01:28.798,0:01:35.257 the world thanks you [br]for sharing Nelson Mandela with us 0:01:35.565,0:01:39.548 His struggle was your struggle 0:01:39.887,0:01:44.258 his triumph was your triumph, 0:01:44.643,0:01:46.676 your dignity and your hope 0:01:46.676,0:01:48.709 found expression in his life and your freedom 0:01:50.743,0:01:53.793 Your democracy 0:01:53.793,0:01:57.604 it's his cherished legacy 0:01:59.375,0:02:03.583 It is hard to eulogize any man 0:02:04.599,0:02:07.153 to capture in words 0:02:07.430,0:02:13.152 not just the facts and the dates that make a life 0:02:13.583,0:02:17.027 but the essential truth of a person 0:02:17.351,0:02:20.853 the private joys and sorrows 0:02:21.146,0:02:24.068 the quiet moments and uniue qualities 0:02:24.068,0:02:27.746 that illuminate someone's soul 0:02:28.654,0:02:32.409 How much harder to do so for a giant of history 0:02:32.594,0:02:35.463 who moved a nation towards justice 0:02:35.463,0:02:41.202 and in the process moved billions around the world 0:02:41.926,0:02:44.154 Born during the World War I 0:02:44.154,0:02:47.005 fired from court orders of power 0:02:47.005,0:02:49.859 a boy raised herding cattle 0:02:49.859,0:02:53.713 and tutored by the elders of his Mambu tribe 0:02:53.713,0:03:00.599 Madiba would emerge [br]as the last great liberator of the 20th century. 0:03:01.045,0:03:05.009 Like Gandhi, he would lead a resistence movement 0:03:05.009,0:03:10.823 a movement [br]that at the start had little prospect for success 0:03:11.284,0:03:14.996 Like Dr. King, he would give potent voice 0:03:14.996,0:03:17.592 to the claims of the oppressed 0:03:17.592,0:03:21.856 and the moral necessity of racial justice 0:03:22.779,0:03:25.643 He would endure a brutal imprisonment 0:03:25.643,0:03:30.450 that began in the time of Kennedy and Khrushchev 0:03:30.450,0:03:34.816 and reached the final days of the Cold War 0:03:35.510,0:03:38.261 Emerging from prison without the force of arms 0:03:38.261,0:03:40.548 he would -- like Abraham Lincoln -- 0:03:40.548,0:03:41.680 hold his country together 0:03:41.680,0:03:45.122 when it threaten to break apart 0:03:45.384,0:03:48.805 and like America's founding fathers he would erect 0:03:48.805,0:03:54.761 a constitutional order [br]to preserve freedom for future generations 0:03:55.178,0:03:59.358 A commitment to democracy and rule of law 0:03:59.681,0:04:02.093 ratified not only by his election 0:04:02.093,0:04:08.142 but by his willingness to step down from power [br]after only one term 0:04:15.178,0:04:18.825 Given the sweep of his life 0:04:19.979,0:04:22.561 the scope of his accomplishments 0:04:22.561,0:04:26.315 the adoration that he so rightly earned 0:04:26.592,0:04:30.165 it's tempting -- I think --[br]to remember Nelson Mandela as an icon 0:04:30.638,0:04:33.389 smilling and serene 0:04:33.990,0:04:37.313 detached from the tawdry affairs of lesser men 0:04:37.313,0:04:40.743 but Madiba himself strongly resisted 0:04:40.743,0:04:43.387 such a lifeless portrait 0:04:43.648,0:04:54.077 [cheers] 0:04:54.077,0:04:55.400 Instead, 0:04:55.753,0:05:01.277 Madiba insisted on sharing with us [br]his doubts and his fears 0:05:01.739,0:05:06.763 his miscalculations along with his victories 0:05:07.179,0:05:08.931 "I am not a saint", he said 0:05:08.931,0:05:15.578 "unless you think of a saint [br]as a sinner who keeps on trying." 0:05:16.747,0:05:21.724 It was precisely [br]because he could admit to imperfection 0:05:21.724,0:05:25.765 because he could be so full of good humour 0:05:25.765,0:05:29.972 even mischief, [br]despite the heavy burdens that he carried 0:05:29.972,0:05:32.245 that we loved him so. 0:05:32.660,0:05:37.745 He was not a bust made of marble, [br]he was a man of flesh and blood 0:05:37.745,0:05:40.209 a son and a husband 0:05:40.209,0:05:42.943 a father and a friend 0:05:43.174,0:05:46.770 and that's why we learned so much from him 0:05:46.770,0:05:49.432 and that's why we can learn from him still 0:05:49.432,0:05:52.899 For nothing he achieved was inevitable 0:05:52.899,0:05:56.178 in the arch of his life we see a man 0:05:56.178,0:05:59.511 who earned his place in history through struggle 0:05:59.511,0:06:03.600 and shrewdness and persistance and faith 0:06:05.262,0:06:08.064 he tells us what is possible 0:06:08.064,0:06:11.192 not just in the pages of history books 0:06:11.192,0:06:14.043 but in our own lives as well. 0:06:16.810,0:06:20.348 Mandela showed us the power of action 0:06:20.348,0:06:25.442 of taking risks on behalf of our ideas 0:06:25.442,0:06:30.682 Perhaps Mandela was right [br]that he "inherited a proud rebelliousness 0:06:30.682,0:06:34.799 a stubborn sense of fairness" from his father 0:06:35.416,0:06:39.812 and we know he shared [br]with millions of black and coloured Southafricans 0:06:39.812,0:06:42.687 "the anger born of a thousand slights 0:06:42.687,0:06:45.775 a thousand indignities 0:06:45.775,0:06:48.863 a thousand unremembered moments 0:06:48.863,0:06:51.952 a desire to fight the system that imprisoned 0:06:51.952,0:06:54.447 my people", he said 0:06:55.432,0:06:59.101 But like other early giants of the ANC 0:06:59.101,0:07:02.026 the Zulus and the Tambos, 0:07:02.026,0:07:08.342 [cheers] 0:07:08.342,0:07:11.298 Madiba disciplined his anger 0:07:11.298,0:07:15.688 and channelled his desire to fight into organization 0:07:15.688,0:07:20.174 and platforms and strategies for action 0:07:20.174,0:07:23.162 so men and women could stand up 0:07:23.162,0:07:26.054 for the God given dignity 0:07:26.654,0:07:30.941 Moreover, he accepted the consequences [br]of his actions 0:07:30.941,0:07:37.258 knowing that standing up [br]to powerful interests and injustice carries a price 0:07:38.822,0:07:44.104 "I've fought against white domination[br]I've fought against black domination." 0:07:44.181,0:07:46.182 [cheers] 0:07:46.182,0:07:51.078 "I've cherished the ideal of a democratic [br]and free society 0:07:51.078,0:07:54.061 in which all persons live together in harmony [br]and equal opportunities 0:07:54.384,0:07:59.759 it is an ideal which I hope to live for and to achieve 0:07:59.759,0:08:04.445 but if needs be it's an ideal [br]for which I am prepared to die." 0:08:04.445,0:08:15.185 [cheers] 0:08:15.401,0:08:17.889 Mandela taught us the power of action 0:08:17.889,0:08:21.904 but he also taught us the power of ideas 0:08:21.904,0:08:25.773 the importance of reason and arguments 0:08:25.773,0:08:28.927 the need to study not only those who you agree with 0:08:28.927,0:08:32.566 but also those you don't agree with. 0:08:32.921,0:08:37.391 He understood that ideas cannot be contained by prison walls 0:08:37.391,0:08:41.182 or extinguished by a sniper's bullet 0:08:41.182,0:08:44.556 He turned his trial into an indictment of apartheid 0:08:44.556,0:08:47.162 because of his eloquence and his passion 0:08:47.162,0:08:50.462 but also because of his training as an advocate 0:08:50.786,0:08:55.048 He used decades of prison to sharpen his arguments 0:08:55.048,0:09:00.705 but also to spread his thirst for knowledge [br]to others in the movement 0:09:00.705,0:09:04.218 and he learned the language [br]and the customs of his oppresors 0:09:04.218,0:09:07.019 so that one day he might better convey to them 0:09:07.019,0:09:10.124 how their own freedom depend upon his. 0:09:10.339,0:09:17.361 [cheers] 0:09:17.747,0:09:23.809 Mandela has demonstrated [br]that action and ideas are not enough 0:09:23.809,0:09:25.447 no matter how right 0:09:25.447,0:09:30.971 they must also be ciselled in the laws and institutions 0:09:31.495,0:09:34.744 He was practical, testing his beliefs 0:09:34.744,0:09:39.791 against the hard surface of circumstance and history 0:09:40.037,0:09:42.934 On core principles he was unyielding 0:09:42.934,0:09:46.343 which is why he could rebuff offers [br]of unconditional release 0:09:46.343,0:09:49.073 reminding the aparthaid regime 0:09:49.073,0:09:53.235 that "prisoners cannot enter into contracts." 0:09:53.559,0:09:56.551 But as he showed in painstaking negotiations 0:09:56.551,0:10:00.147 to transfer power and draft new laws 0:10:00.147,0:10:06.543 He was not afraid to compromise for the sake of a larger goal 0:10:06.543,0:10:10.342 And because he was not only a leader of a movement [br]but a skilful politician 0:10:10.342,0:10:16.730 the constitution that emerged was worthy [br]of this multi-racial democracy 0:10:16.730,0:10:19.977 true to his vision of laws to protect minority 0:10:19.977,0:10:28.067 as well as majority rights [br]and the precious freedom of every Southafrican 0:10:29.283,0:10:32.271 And finally Mandela uderstood 0:10:32.271,0:10:36.043 the ties that bind the human spirit. 0:10:36.874,0:10:40.620 There is a word in Southafrican 0:10:40.851,0:10:42.134 Ubuntu 0:10:42.350,0:10:48.423 [cheers] 0:10:48.654,0:10:53.830 A word that captures Mandela's greatest gift: 0:10:53.830,0:10:57.895 his recognition that we are all bound together in ways 0:10:57.895,0:11:00.557 that are invisible to the eye 0:11:00.557,0:11:03.690 that there is a oneness to humanity 0:11:03.690,0:11:07.042 that we achieve ourselves [br]by sharing ourselves with others 0:11:07.042,0:11:11.723 and caring for those around us 0:11:12.200,0:11:16.262 We can never know [br]how much of this sense was innate in him 0:11:16.262,0:11:22.298 or how much was shaped in a dark and solitary cell. 0:11:22.775,0:11:27.935 But we remember the gestures -- large and small -- 0:11:27.935,0:11:32.902 introducing his jailers as honored guests [br]at an inauguration; 0:11:32.902,0:11:37.757 taking a pitch in a springbok uniform; 0:11:38.065,0:11:43.688 turning his family's heartbreak into a call [br]to confront HIV-AIDS 0:11:43.765,0:11:49.367 that reveal the depths of his empathy [br]and his understanding 0:11:49.598,0:11:53.389 He not only embodied ubuntu he taught millions 0:11:53.389,0:11:56.973 to find that truth within themselves. 0:11:57.666,0:12:00.055 It took a man like Madiba to free 0:12:00.055,0:12:03.931 not just the prisoner but the jailer as well 0:12:04.192,0:12:06.527 [cheers] 0:12:06.527,0:12:08.374 to show that you must trust 0:12:08.374,0:12:11.906 others so that they may trust you 0:12:11.906,0:12:17.187 to teach that reconciliation is not a matter [br]of ignoring a cruel past 0:12:17.187,0:12:25.577 but a means of confronting it [br]with inclusion and generosity and truth 0:12:25.854,0:12:28.521 He changed laws 0:12:28.521,0:12:32.219 but he also changed hearts 0:12:33.896,0:12:36.910 For the people of South Africa 0:12:36.910,0:12:41.864 for those he inspired around the globe 0:12:41.864,0:12:46.079 Madiba's passing is rightly a time of mourning 0:12:46.079,0:12:50.612 and a time to celebrate a heroic life 0:12:51.305,0:12:54.588 But I believe it should also prompt in each of us 0:12:54.588,0:12:58.595 a time for self-reflection with honesty 0:12:58.595,0:13:02.557 regardless of our station or circumstance 0:13:02.557,0:13:05.014 we must ask: "How well have I applied 0:13:05.014,0:13:08.321 his lessons in my own life?" 0:13:12.348,0:13:15.232 It's a question I ask myself 0:13:15.232,0:13:18.972 as a man and as a president 0:13:19.265,0:13:22.178 We know that white South Africa 0:13:22.178,0:13:28.207 the United States had overcome [br]centuries of racial subjugation 0:13:29.100,0:13:31.607 As was true here, it took sacrifice 0:13:31.607,0:13:33.621 the sacrifices of countless people 0:13:33.621,0:13:36.221 -- known and unknown -- [br] 0:13:36.221,0:13:39.363 to see the dawn of a new day 0:13:39.810,0:13:42.999 Michelle and I are beneficiaries of that struggle 0:13:42.999,0:13:46.937 [cheers] 0:13:46.937,0:13:54.104 But in America and in South Africa [br]and in countries all around the globe 0:13:54.104,0:13:57.273 we cannot allow our progress to cloud the fact 0:13:57.273,0:14:00.946 that our work is not yet done 0:14:02.146,0:14:06.811 The struggles that follow [br]the victory of formal equality 0:14:06.811,0:14:12.447 or universal franchise [br]may not be as filled with drama and moral clarity 0:14:12.447,0:14:13.959 as those that came before 0:14:13.959,0:14:16.380 but they are not less important 0:14:17.011,0:14:19.293 For around the world today 0:14:19.293,0:14:24.022 we still see children [br]suffering from hunger and disease 0:14:24.022,0:14:26.997 we still see run down schools 0:14:26.997,0:14:31.605 we still see young people [br]without prospects for the future. 0:14:31.605,0:14:33.449 Around the world today 0:14:33.449,0:14:37.014 men and women are still imprisoned [br]for their political beliefs 0:14:37.014,0:14:39.946 and are still persecuted for what they look like 0:14:39.946,0:14:42.518 and how they worship, and who they love 0:14:42.518,0:14:44.767 and that is happening today 0:14:45.074,0:14:50.899 [cheers] 0:14:51.130,0:14:56.799 And so we, too, must act on behalf of justice 0:14:57.046,0:15:00.956 We, too, must act on behalf of peace 0:15:01.434,0:15:04.274 There are too many people who happily embrace 0:15:04.274,0:15:07.712 Madiba's legacy of racial reconciliation 0:15:07.712,0:15:11.445 but passionately resist even modest reforms. 0:15:11.445,0:15:16.936 that would challange chronic property [br]and growing inequality 0:15:17.213,0:15:20.340 There are too many leaders who claim solidarity 0:15:20.340,0:15:22.321 with Madiba's struggle for freedom 0:15:22.321,0:15:25.948 but do not tolerate the same for their own people 0:15:26.285,0:15:32.863 [cheers] 0:15:33.110,0:15:35.698 And there are too many of us 0:15:35.698,0:15:38.485 too many of us on the side lines 0:15:38.485,0:15:42.519 comfortable in complacency or cynicism 0:15:42.519,0:15:46.758 when our voices must be heard 0:15:47.082,0:15:50.091 The questions we face today 0:15:50.091,0:15:54.024 how to promote equality and justice; 0:15:54.024,0:15:57.622 how to uphold freedom and human rights; 0:15:57.622,0:16:01.123 how to end a conflict and sectarian war 0:16:01.123,0:16:05.040 these things do not have easy answers 0:16:05.040,0:16:07.833 But there were no easy answers 0:16:07.833,0:16:13.156 in front of that child born in World War I 0:16:13.156,0:16:15.133 Nelson Mandela reminds us that 0:16:15.133,0:16:19.611 it always seems impossible until it is done 0:16:19.611,0:16:22.824 South Africa shows that it is true 0:16:22.824,0:16:26.275 South Africa shows we can change 0:16:26.275,0:16:29.736 that we can choose a world [br]defined not by our differences 0:16:29.736,0:16:31.768 but by our common hopes 0:16:31.768,0:16:35.002 we can choose a world defined not by conflict 0:16:35.002,0:16:39.216 but by peace and justice and opportunity 0:16:39.216,0:16:45.109 [cheers] 0:16:45.525,0:16:47.725 We will never see 0:16:47.725,0:16:51.945 the likes of Nelson Mandela again 0:16:52.376,0:16:55.633 But let me say that the young people of Africa 0:16:55.633,0:17:00.358 and the young people around the world 0:17:00.358,0:17:05.013 you, too, can make his life's work your own 0:17:06.198,0:17:10.415 Over thirty years ago, while still a student 0:17:10.415,0:17:13.943 I learned of Nelson Mandela 0:17:13.943,0:17:18.523 and the struggles taking place in this beautiful land 0:17:18.523,0:17:21.606 and it stirred something in me 0:17:21.960,0:17:24.769 it woke me up to my responsibilities 0:17:24.769,0:17:27.246 -- to others and to myself -- 0:17:27.246,0:17:30.309 and set me on an improbable journey 0:17:30.309,0:17:33.081 that finds me here today 0:17:34.897,0:17:39.156 and while I will always fall short of Madiba's example 0:17:39.156,0:17:42.692 he makes me want to be a better man 0:17:42.692,0:17:44.449 [cheers] 0:17:44.449,0:17:46.243 He speaks 0:17:46.243,0:17:49.124 to what is best inside us 0:17:51.448,0:17:55.252 After this great liberator is laid to rest 0:17:55.252,0:17:59.716 and when we return to our cities and villages 0:17:59.716,0:18:03.558 and rejoined our daily routines 0:18:03.558,0:18:06.924 let us search for his strength 0:18:06.924,0:18:11.157 let us search for his largeness of spirit 0:18:11.157,0:18:15.394 somewhere inside of ourselves 0:18:15.394,0:18:18.565 and when the night grows dark 0:18:18.565,0:18:22.243 when injustice weights heavy on our hearts 0:18:22.243,0:18:26.572 when our best laid plans seem beyond our reach 0:18:26.572,0:18:29.305 let us think of Madiba 0:18:29.305,0:18:32.736 and the words that brought him comfort 0:18:32.736,0:18:36.167 within the 4 walls of his cell: 0:18:36.167,0:18:39.599 "It matters not how streight the gate, 0:18:39.599,0:18:45.232 how charged the punishment the scroll 0:18:45.232,0:18:48.356 I am the master of my fate, 0:18:48.356,0:18:51.397 I am the captain of my soul." 0:18:52.228,0:18:55.034 What a magnificent soul it was 0:18:55.358,0:18:57.519 We will miss him deeply 0:18:58.073,0:19:00.830 May God bless the memory of Nelson Mandela. 0:19:01.091,0:19:04.786 May God bless the people of South Africa 0:19:05.078,0:19:16.906 [cheers]