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Dialogue: 0,0:00:02.75,0:00:06.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[How will COVID-19 vaccines\Nbe prioritized?]
Dialogue: 0,0:00:06.30,0:00:09.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The people who are going to be\Nprioritized to receive the vaccines
Dialogue: 0,0:00:09.88,0:00:13.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are healthcare workers\Nwho are on the front lines,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.53,0:00:16.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as well as anybody\Nwho works in a hospital,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.65,0:00:20.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then those who live\Nin skilled nursing facilities.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.55,0:00:24.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Skilled nursing facilities\Naccount for about 6% of the population,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.66,0:00:27.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but almost 40% of the deaths due to COVID.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.26,0:00:33.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So these are very high-risk individuals\Nfor bad outcomes from COVID.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:33.11,0:00:38.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Are there side effects\Nfrom a COVID-19 vaccine?]
Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.15,0:00:40.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It looks like it's the same\Nkind of side effects
Dialogue: 0,0:00:40.91,0:00:44.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that you would get from influenza\Nor a tetanus shot.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.41,0:00:48.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You get a sore arm for a day or two,\Nmaybe a headache or fatigue,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.30,0:00:50.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then that goes away.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.24,0:00:53.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's no way that you can get COVID\Nfrom the coronavirus vaccine.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.84,0:00:55.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So there's absolutely no way.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.87,0:00:59.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's just a small fragment of the RNA
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.24,0:01:02.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that encodes for a small portion\Nof the spike protein.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.98,0:01:05.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So it doesn't replicate,\Nit can't replicate,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:05.88,0:01:07.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it can't cause COVID.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.67,0:01:13.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[What does a vaccine mean\Nfor masking and social distancing?]
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.20,0:01:15.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're going to have to be masking\Nand social distancing
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.79,0:01:17.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for the foreseeable future.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.15,0:01:20.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When we'll be able to stop masking\Nand social distancing
Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.13,0:01:23.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is when we achieve\Nsome level of herd immunity
Dialogue: 0,0:01:23.38,0:01:25.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,within our communities.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.20,0:01:30.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's going to take 60 to 70%\Nof the population to be immune.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.24,0:01:32.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Right now, through infection,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.35,0:01:36.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if people are immune after infection,\Nwhich we're still not sure,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.44,0:01:41.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there's been less than 10% of people\Nin the US who have been infected.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.17,0:01:42.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then when the vaccine comes out,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.90,0:01:45.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's going to come out\Nin limited quantities,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.04,0:01:48.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and so we're not going to be able\Nto vaccinate everybody all at once.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.76,0:01:54.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we anticipate that we will be able\Nto achieve that 60 to 70% immunity
Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.12,0:01:57.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,either through infection plus immunization
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.31,0:02:01.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in maybe the middle of 2021,\Nmaybe the end of 2021.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.23,0:02:02.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We'll just have to see.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.61,0:02:07.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[How do COVID-19 vaccines work?]
Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.88,0:02:09.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So there are three main vaccines,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:09.86,0:02:12.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and two of them\Nare messenger RNA vaccines,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.47,0:02:13.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,mRNA,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.85,0:02:17.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and those are the ones produced\Nby Pfizer as well as Moderna.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.34,0:02:22.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so those vaccines, what they are, \Nis a fragment of the messenger RNA
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.22,0:02:27.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that encodes for a certain portion\Nof the spike protein of the coronavirus.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.13,0:02:28.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's the vaccine.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.24,0:02:30.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So when that is given to us,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.03,0:02:36.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then our own cells make that protein,\Njust a fragment of that protein,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.76,0:02:39.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then we have an immune\Nresponse to that protein,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.46,0:02:42.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that's how they work\Nto develop immunity.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.96,0:02:47.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The other vaccine is similar,\Nthe Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.36,0:02:50.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a nonreplicating adenovirus vector
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.91,0:02:53.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that again has a fragment\Nof the spike protein,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.98,0:02:56.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and so then we get\Nan immune response to that.