[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.70,0:00:05.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When I was invited to give this talk \Na couple of months ago,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:05.38,0:00:08.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we discussed a number \Nof titles with the organizers,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:08.89,0:00:12.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and a lot of different items were \Nkicked around and were discussed.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.31,0:00:14.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But nobody suggested this one,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:14.35,0:00:17.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the reason for that\Nwas two months ago,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.28,0:00:20.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ebola was escalating exponentially
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.19,0:00:24.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and spreading over wider geographic areas\Nthan we had ever seen,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.55,0:00:27.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the world was terrified, \Nconcerned and alarmed
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.82,0:00:32.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by this disease, in a way we've not \Nseen in recent history.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.79,0:00:38.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But today, I can stand here \Nand I can talk to you about beating Ebola
Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.96,0:00:42.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because of people \Nwhom you've never heard of,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.66,0:00:49.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people like Peter Clement, a Liberian \Ndoctor who's working in Lofa County,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.82,0:00:55.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a place that many of you have \Nnever heard of, probably, in Liberia.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.29,0:00:57.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The reason that Lofa County \Nis so important
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.68,0:01:00.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is because about five months ago,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.12,0:01:04.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when the epidemic was \Njust starting to escalate,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.53,0:01:09.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Lofa County was right at the center, \Nthe epicenter of this epidemic.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.48,0:01:13.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At that time, MSF\Nand the treatment center there,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.22,0:01:16.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they were seeing dozens of patients \Nevery single day,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.10,0:01:20.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and these patients, these communities\Nwere becoming more and more terrified
Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.34,0:01:24.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as time went by, with this disease \Nand what it was doing to their families,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.71,0:01:28.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to their communities, \Nto their children, to their relatives.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:28.33,0:01:33.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so Peter Clement was charged with \Ndriving that 12-hour-long rough road
Dialogue: 0,0:01:33.09,0:01:37.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from Monrovia, the capital,\Nup to Lofa County,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.34,0:01:41.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to try and help bring control\Nto the escalating epidemic there.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.70,0:01:47.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what Peter found when he arrived was\Nthe terror that I just mentioned to you.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:47.06,0:01:51.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So he sat down with the local chiefs, \Nand he listened.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.30,0:01:54.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what he heard was heartbreaking.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.94,0:01:59.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He heard about the devastation \Nand the desperation
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.28,0:02:02.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of people affected by this disease.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.58,0:02:04.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He heard the heartbreaking stories
Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.66,0:02:08.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about not just the damage\Nthat Ebola did to people,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.10,0:02:11.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but what it did to families \Nand what it did to communities.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.59,0:02:16.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And he listened to the local chiefs there\Nand what they told him --
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.100,0:02:20.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They said, "When our children are sick, \Nwhen our children are dying,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.44,0:02:24.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we can't hold them at a time when \Nwe want to be closest to them.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.25,0:02:28.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When our relatives die, we can't take care\Nof them as our tradition demands.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.94,0:02:31.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are not allowed to wash \Nthe bodies to bury them
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.62,0:02:34.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the way our communities and \Nour rituals demand.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:34.80,0:02:38.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And for this reason, they were\Ndeeply disturbed, deeply alarmed
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.21,0:02:41.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the entire epidemic \Nwas unraveling in front of them.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.100,0:02:44.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People were turning on the healthcare \Nworkers who had come,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:44.91,0:02:48.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the heroes who had come to try \Nand help save the community,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.26,0:02:53.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to help work with the community,\Nand they were unable to access them.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.18,0:02:58.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what happened then was \NPeter explained to the leaders.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.40,0:03:01.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The leaders listened. \NThey turned the tables.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.14,0:03:04.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And Peter explained what Ebola was.\NHe explained what the disease was.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.74,0:03:07.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He explained what it did\Nto their communities.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.02,0:03:12.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And he explained that Ebola threatened \Neverything that made us human.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.18,0:03:16.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ebola means you can't hold your children\Nthe way you would in this situation.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.56,0:03:18.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can't bury your dead \Nthe way that you would.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.87,0:03:23.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You have to trust these people \Nin these space suits to do that for you.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.52,0:03:26.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And ladies and gentlemen, what \Nhappened then was rather extraordinary:
Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.86,0:03:30.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The community and the health workers, \NPeter, they sat down together
Dialogue: 0,0:03:30.11,0:03:35.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they put together a new plan \Nfor controlling Ebola in Lofa County.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.17,0:03:39.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the reason that this is such \Nan important story, ladies and gentlemen,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:39.64,0:03:44.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is because today, this county, which is \Nright at the center of this epidemic
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.74,0:03:47.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you've been watching, \Nyou've been seeing in the newspapers,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.56,0:03:51.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you've been seeing on \Nthe television screens,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:51.31,0:03:57.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,today Lofa County is nearly eight weeks\Nwithout seeing a single case of Ebola.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.39,0:04:04.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:04:04.45,0:04:07.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, this doesn't mean that \Nthe job is done, obviously.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.87,0:04:11.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's still a huge risk\Nthat there will be additional cases there.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.13,0:04:14.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But what it does teach us \Nis that Ebola can be beaten.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.39,0:04:16.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's the key thing.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:16.05,0:04:17.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Even on this scale,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.22,0:04:21.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even with the rapid kind of growth\Nthat we saw in this environment here,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:21.11,0:04:24.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we now know Ebola can be beaten.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:24.57,0:04:28.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When communities come together \Nwith health care workers, work together,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:28.56,0:04:31.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's when this disease can be stopped.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:31.24,0:04:34.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But how did Ebola end up\Nin Lofa County in the first place?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.88,0:04:39.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, for that, we have to go back \N12 months, to the start of this epidemic.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:39.58,0:04:42.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And as many of you know, \Nthis virus went undetected,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:42.83,0:04:46.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it evaded detection for three \Nor four months when it began.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:46.80,0:04:49.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's because this is not \Na disease of West Africa,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:49.47,0:04:52.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's a disease of Central Africa, \Nhalf a continent away.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:52.61,0:04:54.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People hadn't seen the disease before;
Dialogue: 0,0:04:54.55,0:04:57.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,health workers hadn't seen \Nthe disease before.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:57.16,0:04:59.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They didn't know what \Nthey were dealing with,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:59.32,0:05:01.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and to make it \Neven more complicated,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:01.38,0:05:05.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the virus itself was causing a symptom,\Na type of a presentation
Dialogue: 0,0:05:05.95,0:05:08.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that wasn't classical of the disease.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:08.22,0:05:12.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So people didn't even recognize \Nthe disease, people who knew Ebola.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:12.63,0:05:16.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For that reason it evaded detection \Nfor some time,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:16.49,0:05:19.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But contrary to public belief \Nsometimes these days,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:19.66,0:05:25.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,once the virus was detected, \Nthere was a rapid surge in of support.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:25.18,0:05:30.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,MSF rapidly set up an Ebola treatment \Ncenter, as many of you know, in the area.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:30.24,0:05:33.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The World Health Organization\Nand the partners that it works with
Dialogue: 0,0:05:33.33,0:05:37.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,deployed eventually hundreds of people \Nover the next two months
Dialogue: 0,0:05:37.00,0:05:39.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to be able to help track the virus.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:39.39,0:05:43.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The problem, ladies and gentlemen,\Nis by then, this virus,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:43.42,0:05:46.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,well known now as Ebola, \Nhad spread too far.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:46.98,0:05:50.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It had already outstripped what was \None of the largest responses
Dialogue: 0,0:05:50.19,0:05:53.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that had been mounted so far\Nto an Ebola outbreak.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:53.100,0:05:56.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By the middle of the year,\Nnot just Guinea
Dialogue: 0,0:05:56.40,0:06:00.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but now Sierra Leone and Liberia\Nwere also infected.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:00.37,0:06:05.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As the virus was spreading geographically,\Nthe numbers were increasing
Dialogue: 0,0:06:05.23,0:06:10.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and at this time, not only were \Nhundreds of people infected
Dialogue: 0,0:06:10.29,0:06:12.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and dying of the disease,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:12.17,0:06:14.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but as importantly,\Nthe front line responders,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:14.91,0:06:17.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the people who had gone to try and help,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:17.75,0:06:20.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the health care workers, the other \Nresponders
Dialogue: 0,0:06:20.89,0:06:23.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were also sick and dying by the dozens.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:23.93,0:06:26.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The presidents of these countries \Nrecognized the emergencies.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:26.88,0:06:30.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They met right around that time, \Nthey agreed on common action
Dialogue: 0,0:06:30.42,0:06:34.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they put together an emergency \Njoint operation center in Conakry
Dialogue: 0,0:06:34.64,0:06:38.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to try and work together to finish this\Ndisease and get it stopped,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:38.96,0:06:41.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to implement the strategies\Nwe talked about.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:42.24,0:06:46.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But what happened then was something \Nwe had never seen before with Ebola.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:46.20,0:06:49.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What happened then was the virus, \Nor someone sick with the virus,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:49.78,0:06:53.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,boarded an airplane, \Nflew to another country,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:53.18,0:06:57.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and for the first time,\Nwe saw in another distant country
Dialogue: 0,0:06:57.32,0:06:59.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the virus pop up again.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:59.88,0:07:04.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This time it was in Nigeria,\Nin the teeming metropolis of Lagos,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:04.29,0:07:06.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,21 million people.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:06.24,0:07:09.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now the virus was in that environment.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:09.23,0:07:12.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And as you can anticipate, \Nthere was international alarm,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:12.77,0:07:16.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,international concern on a scale that \Nwe hadn't seen in recent years
Dialogue: 0,0:07:16.54,0:07:18.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,caused by a disease like this.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:18.99,0:07:23.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The World Health Organization immediately \Ncalled together an expert panel,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:23.63,0:07:27.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,looked at the situation, \Ndeclared an international emergency.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:27.26,0:07:32.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in doing so, the expectation would be\Nthat there would be a huge outpouring
Dialogue: 0,0:07:32.35,0:07:35.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of international assistance\Nto help these countries
Dialogue: 0,0:07:35.32,0:07:39.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which were in so much trouble\Nand concern at that time.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:39.36,0:07:42.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But what we saw was \Nsomething very different.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:42.34,0:07:45.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There was some great response.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:45.87,0:07:50.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A number of countries came to assist --\Nmany, many NGOs and others, as you know,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:50.63,0:07:54.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but at the same time, the opposite \Nhappened in many places.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:54.05,0:07:58.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Alarm escalated, and very soon \Nthese countries found themselves
Dialogue: 0,0:07:58.16,0:08:02.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not receiving the support they needed,\Nbut increasingly isolated.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:02.56,0:08:07.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What we saw was commercial airlines\Nstarted flying into these countries
Dialogue: 0,0:08:07.29,0:08:09.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and people who hadn't even been\Nexposed to the virus
Dialogue: 0,0:08:09.88,0:08:12.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were no longer allowed to travel.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:12.04,0:08:15.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This cause not only problems, obviously, \Nfor the countries themselves,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:15.97,0:08:18.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but also for the response.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:18.09,0:08:21.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Those organizations that were \Ntrying to bring people in,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:21.06,0:08:23.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to try and help them\Nrespond to the outbreak,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:23.26,0:08:25.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they could not get \Npeople on airplanes,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:25.19,0:08:28.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they could not get them into the \Ncountries to be able to respond.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:28.39,0:08:30.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In that situation,\Nladies and gentleman,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:30.40,0:08:33.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a virus like Ebola takes advantage.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:33.64,0:08:38.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what we saw then was something \Nalso we hadn't seen before.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:38.58,0:08:41.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Not only did this virus \Ncontinue in the places
Dialogue: 0,0:08:41.73,0:08:45.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where they'd already become infected,\Nbut then it started to escalate
Dialogue: 0,0:08:45.32,0:08:47.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we saw the case numbers\Nthat you see here,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:47.69,0:08:50.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,something we'd never seen before\Non such a scale,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:50.75,0:08:53.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,an exponential increase of Ebola cases
Dialogue: 0,0:08:53.78,0:08:58.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not just in these countries or the areas \Nalready infected in these countries
Dialogue: 0,0:08:58.02,0:09:01.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but also spreading further and \Ndeeper into these countries.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:01.88,0:09:04.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ladies and gentleman,\Nthis was one of the most concerning
Dialogue: 0,0:09:04.95,0:09:09.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,international emergencies in public health\Nwe've ever seen.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:10.50,0:09:12.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what happened in these countries then,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:12.55,0:09:16.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,many of you saw, again, on the television,\Nread about in the newspapers,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:16.74,0:09:22.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we saw the health system start to collapse\Nunder the weight of this epidemic.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:22.10,0:09:26.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We saw the schools begin to close, \Nmarkets no longer started,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:26.72,0:09:30.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,no longer functioned the way \Nthat they should in these countries.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:30.04,0:09:34.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We saw that misinformation and \Nmisperceptions started to spread
Dialogue: 0,0:09:34.16,0:09:37.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even faster through the communities,\Nwhich became even more alarmed
Dialogue: 0,0:09:37.64,0:09:39.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about the situation.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:39.26,0:09:42.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They started to recoil from those people \Nthat you saw in those space suits,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:42.84,0:09:45.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as they call them, \Nwho had come to help them.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:45.09,0:09:48.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then the situation\Ndeteriorated even further.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:48.12,0:09:50.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The countries had to declare\Na state of emergency.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:50.80,0:09:56.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Large populations needed to be quarantined\Nin some areas, and then riots broke out.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:56.20,0:09:59.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was a very, very terrifying situation.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:59.98,0:10:02.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Around the world,\Nmany people began to ask,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:02.83,0:10:06.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can we ever stop Ebola \Nwhen it starts to spread like this?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:06.80,0:10:11.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they started to ask, how well \Ndo we really know this virus?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:11.58,0:10:14.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The reality is we don't know \NEbola extremely well.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:14.74,0:10:18.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a relatively modern disease\Nin terms of what we know about it.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:18.74,0:10:21.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We've known the disease only for 40 years,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:21.02,0:10:24.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,since it first popped up\Nin Central Africa in 1976.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:24.50,0:10:27.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But despite that, we do know many things:
Dialogue: 0,0:10:27.58,0:10:31.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We know that this virus\Nprobably survives in a type of a bat.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:31.80,0:10:34.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We know that it probably enters \Na human population
Dialogue: 0,0:10:34.92,0:10:37.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when we come in contact with a wild animal
Dialogue: 0,0:10:37.53,0:10:41.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that has been infected with the virus \Nand probably sickened by it.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:41.09,0:10:44.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then we know that the virus\Nspreads from person to person
Dialogue: 0,0:10:44.31,0:10:46.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,through contaminated body fluids.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:46.58,0:10:48.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And as you've all seen,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:48.07,0:10:51.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we know the horrific disease\Nthat it then causes in humans,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:51.55,0:10:56.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where we see this disease cause\Nsevere fevers, diarrhea, vomiting,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:56.07,0:11:02.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then unfortunately, in 70 percent\Nof the cases or often more, death.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:02.54,0:11:07.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is a very dangerous,\Ndebilitating, and deadly disease.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:08.34,0:11:12.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But despite the fact that we've not known\Nthis disease for a particularly long time,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:12.52,0:11:17.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we don't know everything about it,\Nwe do know how to stop this disease.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:17.39,0:11:20.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are four things\Nthat are critical to stopping Ebola.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:20.61,0:11:24.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,First and foremost, the communities \Nhave got to understand this disease,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:24.92,0:11:28.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they've got to understand \Nhow it spreads and how to stop it.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:28.44,0:11:32.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then we've got to be able to have \Nsystems that can find every single case,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:32.52,0:11:34.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,every contact of those cases,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:34.52,0:11:38.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and begin to track the transmission chains\Nso that you can stop transmission.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:38.68,0:11:42.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have to have treatment centers,\Nspecialized Ebola treatment centers,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:42.30,0:11:44.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where the workers can be protected
Dialogue: 0,0:11:44.82,0:11:49.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as they try to provide support\Nto the people who are infected,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:49.69,0:11:52.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that they might survive the disease.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:52.13,0:11:54.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then for those who do die,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:54.33,0:12:00.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we have to ensure there is a safe, but at\Nthe same time dignified, burial process,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:00.19,0:12:04.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that there is no spread \Nat that time as well.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:04.80,0:12:09.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we do know how to stop Ebola, and these\Nstrategies work, ladies and gentlemen.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:09.30,0:12:13.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The virus was stopped in Nigeria \Nby these four strategies
Dialogue: 0,0:12:13.46,0:12:15.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the people implementing \Nthem, obviously.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:15.56,0:12:19.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was stopped in Senegal, where it had\Nspread, and also in the other countries
Dialogue: 0,0:12:19.58,0:12:23.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that were affected by this virus, \Nin this outbreak.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:23.18,0:12:27.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So there's no question that \Nthese strategies actually work.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:27.02,0:12:32.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The big question, ladies and gentlemen,\Nwas whether these strategies could work
Dialogue: 0,0:12:32.33,0:12:36.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on this scale, in this situation,\Nwith so many countries affected
Dialogue: 0,0:12:36.60,0:12:40.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the kind of exponential \Ngrowth that you saw.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:40.21,0:12:44.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That was the big question that we were \Nfacing just two or three months ago.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:44.76,0:12:48.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Today we know the answer to that question.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:48.80,0:12:51.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we know that answer \Nbecause of the extraordinary work
Dialogue: 0,0:12:51.78,0:12:56.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of an incredible group of NGOs,\Nof governments, of local leaders,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:56.55,0:13:00.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of U.N. agencies and many humanitarian \Nand other organizations
Dialogue: 0,0:13:00.93,0:13:04.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that came and joined the fight\Nto try and stop Ebola in West Africa.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:04.85,0:13:08.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But what had to be done there \Nwas slightly different.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:08.29,0:13:11.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These countries took those strategies \NI just showed you;
Dialogue: 0,0:13:11.22,0:13:16.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the community engagement,\Nthe case finding, contact tracing, etc.,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:16.62,0:13:18.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they turned them on their head.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:18.55,0:13:21.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There was so much disease,\Nthey approached it differently.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:21.48,0:13:26.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What they decided to do was they would \Nfirst try and slow down this epidemic
Dialogue: 0,0:13:26.91,0:13:31.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by rapidly building as many beds as\Npossible in specialized treatment centers
Dialogue: 0,0:13:31.90,0:13:37.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that they could prevent the disease\Nfrom spreading from those were infected.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:37.20,0:13:39.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They would rapidly build out\Nmany, many burial teams
Dialogue: 0,0:13:39.65,0:13:41.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that they could safely\Ndeal with the dead,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:41.83,0:13:44.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and with that, they would try \Nand slow this outbreak
Dialogue: 0,0:13:44.39,0:13:48.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to see if it could actually then \Nbe controlled using the classic approach
Dialogue: 0,0:13:48.61,0:13:51.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of case finding and contact tracing.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:51.36,0:13:54.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when I went to West Africa\Nabout three months ago,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:54.66,0:13:57.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when I was there\Nwhat I saw was extraordinary.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:57.67,0:14:02.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I saw presidents opening emergency\Noperation centers themselves against Ebola
Dialogue: 0,0:14:02.60,0:14:06.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that they could personally coordinate \Nand oversee and champion
Dialogue: 0,0:14:06.36,0:14:10.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this surge of international support \Nto try and stop this disease.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:10.45,0:14:14.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We saw militaries from within \Nthose countries and from far beyond
Dialogue: 0,0:14:14.00,0:14:16.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,coming in to help build \NEbola treatment centers
Dialogue: 0,0:14:16.74,0:14:19.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that could be used to isolate \Nthose who were sick.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:24.42,0:14:29.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to help train the communities so that\Nthey could actually safely bury their dead
Dialogue: 0,0:14:19.99,0:14:24.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We saw the Red Cross movement working with\Nits partner agencies on the ground there
Dialogue: 0,0:14:29.57,0:14:32.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a dignified manner themselves.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:32.13,0:14:34.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we saw the U.N. agencies, \Nthe World Food Program,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:34.93,0:14:36.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,build a tremendous air bridge
Dialogue: 0,0:14:36.83,0:14:40.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that could get responders to every single\Ncorner of these countries rapidly
Dialogue: 0,0:14:40.74,0:14:44.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to be able to implement the strategies\Nthat we just talked about.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:44.09,0:14:47.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What we saw, ladies and gentlemen, \Nwhich was probably most impressive,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:47.43,0:14:50.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was this incredible work\Nby the governments,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:50.45,0:14:53.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by the leaders in these countries,\Nwith the communities,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:53.47,0:14:56.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to try to ensure people \Nunderstood this disease,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:56.49,0:15:02.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,understood the extraordinary things they \Nwould have to do to try and stop Ebola.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:02.17,0:15:04.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And as a result, ladies and gentlemen,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:04.46,0:15:08.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we saw something that we did not know\Nonly two or three months earlier,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:08.90,0:15:11.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whether or not it would be possible.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:11.18,0:15:14.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What we saw was \Nwhat you see now in this graph,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:14.31,0:15:17.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when we took stock on December 1.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:17.12,0:15:20.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What we saw was we could \Nbend that curve, so to speak,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:20.56,0:15:22.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,change this exponential growth,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:22.93,0:15:27.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and bring some hope back\Nto the ability to control this outbreak.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:27.16,0:15:31.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And for this reason, ladies and gentlemen,\Nthere's absolutely no question now
Dialogue: 0,0:15:31.22,0:15:37.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we can catch up with this outbreak \Nin West Africa and we can beat Ebola.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:37.78,0:15:40.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The big question, though, \Nthat many people are asking,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:40.96,0:15:42.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even when they saw this curve, they said,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:42.94,0:15:45.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Well, hang on a minute --\Nthat's great you can slow it down,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:45.84,0:15:47.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but can you actually\Ndrive it down to zero?"
Dialogue: 0,0:15:47.90,0:15:51.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We already answered that question \Nback at the beginning of this talk,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:51.44,0:15:55.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when I spoke about Lofa County in Liberia.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:55.59,0:15:59.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We told you the story\Nhow Lofa County got to a situation
Dialogue: 0,0:15:59.02,0:16:01.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where they have not seen\NEbola for eight weeks.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:01.83,0:16:05.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But there are similar stories from \Nthe other countries as well.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:05.20,0:16:07.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,From Gueckedou in Guinea,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:07.45,0:16:11.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the first area where the first case was\Nactually diagnosed.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:11.96,0:16:15.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We've seen very, very few cases\Nin the last couple of months,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:15.37,0:16:19.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and here in Kenema, in Sierra Leone, \Nanother area in the epicenter,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:19.80,0:16:23.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we have not seen the virus\Nfor more than a couple of weeks --
Dialogue: 0,0:16:23.06,0:16:26.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,way too early to declare \Nvictory, obviously,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:26.16,0:16:27.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but evidence, ladies and gentlemen,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:27.93,0:16:31.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not only can the response \Ncatch up to the disease,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:31.56,0:16:34.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but this disease can be driven to zero.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:34.72,0:16:38.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The challenge now, of course, \Nis doing this on the scale needed
Dialogue: 0,0:16:38.88,0:16:44.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,right across these three countries,\Nand that is a huge challenge.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:44.24,0:16:48.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because when you've been at something\Nfor this long, on this scale,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:48.95,0:16:52.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,two other big threats \Ncome in to join the virus.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:52.95,0:16:56.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The first of those is complacency,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:56.05,0:16:59.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the risk that as this \Ndisease curve starts to bend,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:59.48,0:17:02.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the media look elsewhere, \Nthe world looks elsewhere.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:02.74,0:17:04.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Complacency always a risk.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:04.37,0:17:08.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the other risk, of course, is when\Nyou've been working so hard for so long,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:08.71,0:17:12.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and slept so few hours \Nover the past months,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:12.35,0:17:14.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people are tired, people become fatigued,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:14.59,0:17:18.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and these new risks \Nstart to creep into the response.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:18.66,0:17:22.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ladies and gentlemen, I can tell you today\NI've just come back from West Africa.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:22.94,0:17:26.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The people of these countries,\Nthe leaders of these countries,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:26.64,0:17:28.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they are not complacent.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:28.14,0:17:31.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They want to drive Ebola to zero \Nin their countries.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:31.88,0:17:35.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And these people, yes, they're tired, \Nbut they are not fatigued.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:35.66,0:17:37.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They have an energy, they have a courage,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:37.87,0:17:40.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they have the strength \Nto get this finished.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:40.40,0:17:43.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What they need, ladies\Nand gentlemen, at this point,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:43.15,0:17:46.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is the unwavering support of the \Ninternational community,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:46.78,0:17:48.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to stand with them,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:48.19,0:17:53.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to bolster and bring even more support \Nat this time, to get the job finished.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:53.05,0:17:58.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because finishing Ebola right now \Nmeans turning the tables on this virus,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:58.08,0:17:59.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and beginning to hunt it.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:59.82,0:18:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Remember, this virus, this whole crisis, \Nrather, started with one case,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:05.00,0:18:07.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and is going to finish with one case.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:07.70,0:18:12.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it will only finish if those countries\Nhave got enough epidemiologists,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:12.03,0:18:16.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,enough health workers, enough logisticians\Nand enough other people working with them
Dialogue: 0,0:18:16.64,0:18:20.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to be able to find every one \Nof those cases, track their contacts
Dialogue: 0,0:18:20.13,0:18:24.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and make sure that this disease \Nstops once and for all.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:24.22,0:18:27.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ladies and gentleman, Ebola can be beaten.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:27.56,0:18:32.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now we need you to take this story out\Nto tell it to the people who will listen
Dialogue: 0,0:18:32.24,0:18:35.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and educate them \Non what it means to beat Ebola,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:35.46,0:18:39.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and more importantly,\Nwe need you to advocate with the people
Dialogue: 0,0:18:39.19,0:18:42.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who can help us bring the resources we\Nneed to these countries,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:42.74,0:18:44.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to beat this disease.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:44.52,0:18:48.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are a lot of people out there \Nwho will survive and will thrive,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:48.70,0:18:52.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in part because of what you do \Nto help us beat Ebola.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:52.10,0:18:53.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:53.59,0:18:57.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)