[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:01.36,0:00:04.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A briefcase full of poop changed my life.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:04.81,0:00:06.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ten years ago, I was a graduate student
Dialogue: 0,0:00:06.71,0:00:09.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I was helping judge\Na genetic engineering competition
Dialogue: 0,0:00:09.41,0:00:10.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for undergrads.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:10.66,0:00:14.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There, I met a British artist and designer\Nnamed Alexandra Daisy Ginsberg.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:14.62,0:00:17.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She was wearing the white\Nembroidered polo shirt
Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.03,0:00:18.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the University of Cambridge team
Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.78,0:00:20.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and holding a silver briefcase,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.38,0:00:23.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like the kind that you would imagine\Nis handcuffed to your wrist.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.69,0:00:25.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She gestured over from a quiet corner
Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.50,0:00:27.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and asked me if I wanted to see something.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.80,0:00:30.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,With a sneaky look,\Nshe opened up the suitcase,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.06,0:00:35.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and inside were six glorious,\Nmulticolored turds.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.61,0:00:37.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Cambridge team, she explained,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.31,0:00:40.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,had spent their summer\Nengineering the bacteria E. coli
Dialogue: 0,0:00:40.24,0:00:43.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to be able to sense different things\Nin the environment
Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.03,0:00:45.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and produce a rainbow\Nof different colors in response.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.100,0:00:47.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Arsenic in your drinking water?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.75,0:00:49.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This strain would turn green.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.34,0:00:51.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She and her collaborator,\Nthe designer James King,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:51.75,0:00:55.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,worked with the students and imagined\Nthe different possible scenarios
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.07,0:00:56.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of how you might use these bacteria.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:56.85,0:00:58.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What if, they asked, you could use them
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.90,0:01:03.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as a living probiotic drink\Nand health monitor, all in one?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:03.78,0:01:06.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You could drink the bacteria\Nand it would live in your gut,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.58,0:01:07.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sensing what's going on,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.89,0:01:09.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then in response to something,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.54,0:01:11.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it would be able to produce\Na colored output.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.84,0:01:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Holy shit!
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.03,0:01:14.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Cambridge team went on to win
Dialogue: 0,0:01:14.63,0:01:17.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the International Genetically Engineered\NMachine competition,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.53,0:01:18.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or iGEM for short.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:18.91,0:01:22.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And as for me, those turds\Nwere a turning point.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.74,0:01:24.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I am a synthetic biologist,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.34,0:01:27.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is probably a weird term\Nthat most people aren't familiar with.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.64,0:01:29.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It definitely sounds like an oxymoron.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:29.72,0:01:32.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How can biology, something natural,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.03,0:01:33.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,be synthetic?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:33.22,0:01:36.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How can something artificial be alive?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.79,0:01:38.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Synthetic biologists sort of poke holes
Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.73,0:01:43.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in that boundary that we draw between\Nwhat is natural and what's technological.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:43.03,0:01:45.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And every year, iGEM students\Nfrom all over the world
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.70,0:01:46.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,spend their summer
Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.94,0:01:50.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,trying to engineer biology\Nto be technology.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.03,0:01:52.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They teach bacteria how to play sudoku,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.77,0:01:55.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they make multicolored spider silk,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.66,0:01:57.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they make self-healing concrete
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.84,0:02:01.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and tissue printers\Nand plastic-eating bacteria.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.16,0:02:02.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Up until that moment, though,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.58,0:02:05.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was a little bit more concerned\Nwith a different kind of oxymoron.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.18,0:02:08.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Just plain old genetic engineering.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.26,0:02:10.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The comedian Simon Munnery once wrote
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.37,0:02:15.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that genetic engineering is actually\Ninsulting to proper engineering.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.29,0:02:19.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Genetic engineering is more like throwing\Na bunch of concrete and steel in a river
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.18,0:02:21.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and if somebody can walk across,\Nyou call it a bridge.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.41,0:02:25.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so synthetic biologists\Nwere pretty worried about this,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.22,0:02:28.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and worried that genetic engineering\Nwas a little bit more art that science.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:29.37,0:02:33.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They wanted to turn genetic engineering\Ninto a real engineering discipline,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.50,0:02:37.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where we could program cells and write DNA
Dialogue: 0,0:02:37.42,0:02:41.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the way that engineers write\Nsoftware for computers.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.12,0:02:45.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That day 10 years ago started me on a path\Nthat gets me to where I am now.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.66,0:02:47.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Today, I'm the creative director
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.31,0:02:50.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at a synthetic biology company\Ncalled Ginkgo Bioworks.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.43,0:02:52.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Creative director" is a weird title
Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.18,0:02:54.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for a biotech company\Nwere people try to program life
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.76,0:02:56.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the way that we program computers.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.16,0:02:59.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But that day when I met Daisy,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.24,0:03:01.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I learned something about engineering.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.11,0:03:03.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I learned that engineering\Nisn't really just about equations
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.97,0:03:05.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and steel and circuits,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.77,0:03:07.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's actually about people.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.81,0:03:10.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's something that people do,\Nand it impacts us.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.35,0:03:11.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So in my work,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.58,0:03:15.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I try to open up new spaces\Nfor different kinds of engineering.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.63,0:03:17.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How can we ask better questions,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.99,0:03:19.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and can we have better conversations
Dialogue: 0,0:03:19.74,0:03:22.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about what we want\Nfrom the future of technology?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.21,0:03:24.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How can we understand the technological
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.81,0:03:27.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but also social and political\Nand economic reasons
Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.69,0:03:30.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that GMOs are so polarizing\Nin our society?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:30.48,0:03:32.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Can we make GMOs that people love?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:33.32,0:03:38.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Can we use biology to make technology\Nthat's more expansive and regenerative?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.96,0:03:42.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think it starts by recognizing\Nthat we, as synthetic biologists,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:42.76,0:03:46.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are also shaped by a culture\Nthat values "real engineering"
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.70,0:03:48.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,more than any of the squishy stuff.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.56,0:03:53.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We get so caught up in circuits\Nand what happens inside of computers,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.61,0:03:57.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we sometimes lose sight of the magic\Nthat's happening inside of us.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.28,0:03:59.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There is plenty of shitty\Ntechnology out there,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:59.94,0:04:04.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but this was the first time\Nthat I imagined poop as technology.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:04.43,0:04:07.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I began to see that synthetic\Nbiology was awesome,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.99,0:04:10.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not because we could turn\Ncells into computers,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:10.78,0:04:13.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but because we could bring\Ntechnology to life.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:13.61,0:04:15.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This was technology that was visceral,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:15.52,0:04:18.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,an unforgettable vision\Nof what the future might hold.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.70,0:04:21.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But importantly, it was also\Nframed as the question
Dialogue: 0,0:04:21.17,0:04:23.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Is this the kind of future\Nthat we actually want?"
Dialogue: 0,0:04:23.60,0:04:26.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We've been promised a future of chrome,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:26.10,0:04:28.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but what if the future is fleshy?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.01,0:04:31.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Science and science fiction
Dialogue: 0,0:04:31.14,0:04:33.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,help us remember\Nthat we're made of star stuff.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:33.75,0:04:36.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But can it also help us remember\Nthe wonder and weirdness
Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.45,0:04:38.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of being made of flesh?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.15,0:04:39.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Biology is us,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:39.46,0:04:41.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's our bodies, it's what we eat.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:41.69,0:04:45.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What happens when biology\Nbecomes technology?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:45.71,0:04:47.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These images are questions,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:47.81,0:04:51.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they challenge what we think of\Nas normal and desirable.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:51.80,0:04:54.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they also show us\Nthat the future is full of choices
Dialogue: 0,0:04:54.75,0:04:56.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that we could choose differently.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:57.28,0:05:00.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What's the future of the body, of beauty?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:00.58,0:05:04.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we change the body,\Nwill we have new kinds of awareness?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:04.51,0:05:07.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And will new kinds of awareness\Nof the microbial world
Dialogue: 0,0:05:07.21,0:05:09.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,change the way that we eat?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:09.13,0:05:12.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The last chapter of my dissertation\Nwas all about cheese that I made
Dialogue: 0,0:05:12.67,0:05:15.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,using bacteria that I swabbed\Nfrom in between my toes.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:16.24,0:05:18.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I told you that the poop changed my life.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:18.46,0:05:21.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I worked with the smell artist\Nand researcher Sissel Tolaas
Dialogue: 0,0:05:21.24,0:05:26.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to explore all of the ways\Nthat our bodies and cheese are connected
Dialogue: 0,0:05:26.31,0:05:29.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,through smell and therefore microbes.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:29.08,0:05:30.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we created this cheese
Dialogue: 0,0:05:30.54,0:05:33.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to challenge how we think\Nabout the bacteria
Dialogue: 0,0:05:33.50,0:05:34.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's part of our lives
Dialogue: 0,0:05:34.98,0:05:37.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the bacteria\Nthat we work with in the lab.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:37.48,0:05:39.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are, indeed, what we eat.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:39.73,0:05:41.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The intersection of biology and technology
Dialogue: 0,0:05:41.94,0:05:46.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is more often told as a story\Nof transcending our fleshy realities.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:46.05,0:05:48.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you can upload\Nyour brain to a computer,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:48.11,0:05:50.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you don't need to poop anymore after all.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:50.10,0:05:53.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that's usually a story\Nthat's told as a good thing, right?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:53.20,0:05:58.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because computers are clean,\Nand biology is messy.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:58.54,0:06:01.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Computers make sense and are rational,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:01.16,0:06:04.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and biology is an unpredictable tangle.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:05.33,0:06:06.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It kind of follows from there
Dialogue: 0,0:06:06.74,0:06:09.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that science and technology\Nare supposed to be rational,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:09.97,0:06:11.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,objective
Dialogue: 0,0:06:11.45,0:06:13.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and pure,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:13.43,0:06:16.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's humans that are a total mess.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:16.41,0:06:18.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But like synthetic biologists poke holes
Dialogue: 0,0:06:18.67,0:06:21.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in that line between nature\Nand technology,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:21.72,0:06:24.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,artists, designers and social scientists
Dialogue: 0,0:06:24.22,0:06:28.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,showed me that the lines that we draw\Nbetween nature, technology and society
Dialogue: 0,0:06:28.52,0:06:30.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are a little bit softer\Nthan we might think.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:30.92,0:06:34.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They challenge us to reconsider\Nour visions for the future
Dialogue: 0,0:06:34.42,0:06:37.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and our fantasies\Nabout controlling nature.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:37.38,0:06:40.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They show us how our prejudices,\Nour hopes and our values
Dialogue: 0,0:06:40.100,0:06:43.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are embedded in science and technology
Dialogue: 0,0:06:43.25,0:06:46.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,through the questions that we ask\Nand the choices that we make.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:46.25,0:06:50.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They make visible the ways\Nthat science and technology are human
Dialogue: 0,0:06:50.62,0:06:52.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and therefore political.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:52.28,0:06:54.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What does it mean for us\Nto be able to control life
Dialogue: 0,0:06:54.79,0:06:56.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for our own purposes?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:56.36,0:06:58.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The artists Oron Catts and Ionat Zurr
Dialogue: 0,0:06:58.24,0:07:00.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,made a project\Ncalled "Victimless Leather,"
Dialogue: 0,0:07:00.40,0:07:03.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where they engineered\Na tiny leather jacket
Dialogue: 0,0:07:03.31,0:07:04.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,out of mouse cells.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:04.80,0:07:06.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Is this jacket alive?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:07.01,0:07:10.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What does it take to grow it\Nand keep it this way?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:10.32,0:07:11.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Is it really victimless?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:11.93,0:07:14.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what does it mean\Nfor something to be victimless?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:15.02,0:07:16.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The choices that we make
Dialogue: 0,0:07:16.26,0:07:19.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in what we show and what we hide\Nin our stories of progress,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:19.78,0:07:23.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are often political choices\Nthat have real consequences.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:23.51,0:07:27.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How will genetic technologies\Nshape the way that we understand ourselves
Dialogue: 0,0:07:27.79,0:07:29.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and define our bodies?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:29.24,0:07:31.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The artist Heather Dewey-Hagborg\Nmade these faces
Dialogue: 0,0:07:31.86,0:07:34.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,based on DNA sequences\Nshe extracted from sidewalk litter,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:34.94,0:07:38.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,forcing us to ask questions\Nabout genetic privacy,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:38.17,0:07:41.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but also how and whether\NDNA can really define us.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:42.25,0:07:45.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How will we fight against\Nand cope with climate change?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:45.41,0:07:47.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Will we change the way\Nthat we make everything,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:47.66,0:07:51.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,using biological materials\Nthat can grow and decay alongside us?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:51.78,0:07:54.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Will we change our own bodies?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:54.10,0:07:55.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or nature itself?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:55.97,0:08:00.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or can we change the system\Nthat keeps reinforcing those boundaries
Dialogue: 0,0:08:00.10,0:08:03.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between science, society,\Nnature and technology?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:03.22,0:08:07.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Relationships that today keep us\Nlocked in these unsustainable patterns.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:07.58,0:08:09.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How we understand and respond to crises
Dialogue: 0,0:08:09.81,0:08:12.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that are natural, technical\Nand social all at once,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:12.87,0:08:15.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from coronavirus to climate change,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:15.14,0:08:16.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is deeply political,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:16.87,0:08:19.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and science never happens in a vacuum.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:20.16,0:08:21.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's go back in time
Dialogue: 0,0:08:21.40,0:08:23.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to when the first European settlers\Narrived in Hawaii.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:24.49,0:08:28.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They eventually brought their cattle\Nand their scientists with them.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:28.03,0:08:30.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The cattle roamed the hillsides,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:30.23,0:08:33.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,trampling and changing\Nthe ecosystems as they went.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:33.16,0:08:36.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The scientists catalogued the species\Nthat they found there,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:36.65,0:08:39.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,often taking the last specimen\Nbefore they went extinct.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:40.12,0:08:42.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is the Maui hau kuahiwi,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:42.36,0:08:44.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or the Hibiscadelphus wilderianus,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:44.58,0:08:46.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so named by Gerrit Wilder in 1910.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:47.28,0:08:49.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By 1912, it was extinct.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:49.88,0:08:53.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I found this specimen\Nin the Harvard University Herbarium,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:53.19,0:08:57.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where it's housed with five million\Nother specimens from all over the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:57.38,0:09:00.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I wanted to take a piece\Nof science's past,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:00.14,0:09:02.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,tied up as it was with colonialism,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:02.32,0:09:03.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and all of the embedded ideas
Dialogue: 0,0:09:03.74,0:09:07.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the way that nature and science\Nand society should work together,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:07.83,0:09:10.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and ask questions about science's future.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:11.11,0:09:13.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Working with an awesome team at Ginkgo,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:13.04,0:09:14.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and others at UC Santa Cruz,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:15.01,0:09:17.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we were able to extract\Na little bit of the DNA
Dialogue: 0,0:09:17.63,0:09:20.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from a tiny sliver of this plant specimen
Dialogue: 0,0:09:20.16,0:09:22.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and to sequence the DNA inside.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:22.29,0:09:25.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then resynthesize a possible version
Dialogue: 0,0:09:25.46,0:09:28.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the genes that made\Nthe smell of the plant.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:28.65,0:09:31.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By inserting those genes into yeast,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:31.05,0:09:33.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we could produce little bits of that smell
Dialogue: 0,0:09:33.59,0:09:35.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and be able to, maybe, smell
Dialogue: 0,0:09:35.35,0:09:37.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a little bit of something\Nthat's lost forever.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:37.68,0:09:39.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Working again with Daisy\Nand Sissel Tolaas,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:39.73,0:09:42.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,my collaborator on the cheese project,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:42.24,0:09:46.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we reconstructed and composed\Na new smell of that flower,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:46.30,0:09:49.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and created an installation\Nwhere people could experience it,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:49.36,0:09:52.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to be part of this natural history\Nand synthetic future.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:54.48,0:09:56.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ten years ago, I was a synthetic biologist
Dialogue: 0,0:09:56.55,0:09:59.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,worried that genetic engineering\Nwas more art than science
Dialogue: 0,0:09:59.55,0:10:01.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that people were too messy
Dialogue: 0,0:10:01.24,0:10:03.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and biology was too complicated.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:03.64,0:10:06.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now I use genetic engineering as art
Dialogue: 0,0:10:06.62,0:10:09.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to explore all the different ways\Nthat we are entangled together
Dialogue: 0,0:10:09.67,0:10:11.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and imagine different possible futures.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:11.92,0:10:13.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A fleshy future
Dialogue: 0,0:10:13.65,0:10:16.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is one that does recognize\Nall those interconnections
Dialogue: 0,0:10:16.97,0:10:19.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the human realities of technology.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:19.93,0:10:23.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it also recognizes\Nthe incredible power of biology,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:23.46,0:10:25.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,its resilience and sustainability,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:25.43,0:10:28.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,its ability to heal and grow and adapt.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:28.46,0:10:30.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Values that are so necessary
Dialogue: 0,0:10:30.44,0:10:33.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for the visions of the futures\Nthat we can have today.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:33.06,0:10:35.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Technology will shape that future,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:35.40,0:10:37.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but humans make technology.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:37.70,0:10:40.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How we decide what that future will be
Dialogue: 0,0:10:40.33,0:10:41.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is up to all of us.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:42.56,0:10:43.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.