[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:01.34,0:00:02.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Over the decades,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:02.52,0:00:05.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,my colleagues and I have exposed\Nterrible misdeeds and crimes
Dialogue: 0,0:00:05.86,0:00:07.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by large corporations,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:08.47,0:00:10.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which have taken many lives
Dialogue: 0,0:00:10.25,0:00:12.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and caused injuries and diseases,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.22,0:00:16.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on top of damaging economic costs,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.59,0:00:18.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,affecting many incidents.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.97,0:00:21.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But exposure was not enough.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:22.52,0:00:25.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We had to secure congressional mandates
Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.24,0:00:28.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to prevent such devastation.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:28.88,0:00:32.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As a result, many lives were saved\Nand many traumas prevented,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.82,0:00:36.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,especially in the areas of automobile,\Npharmaceutical, environmental
Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.47,0:00:38.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and workplace health and safety.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.58,0:00:42.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Along the way, we kept getting\None question again and again:
Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.10,0:00:45.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Ralph, how do you do all this?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.80,0:00:47.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Your groups are small,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.52,0:00:49.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,your funds are modest
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.28,0:00:52.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you don't make campaign\Ncontributions to politicians."
Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.48,0:00:56.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My response points to an overlooked,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:56.02,0:00:58.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,amazing pattern of American history.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.03,0:01:01.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Just about every advance in justice,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:01.70,0:01:03.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,every blessing of democracy,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:03.91,0:01:07.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,came from the efforts of small numbers\Nof individual citizens.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.59,0:01:10.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They knew what they were talking about.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.04,0:01:13.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They expanded public opinion,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.28,0:01:17.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or what Abraham Lincoln called\N"the all-important public sentiment."
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.99,0:01:20.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The few citizens who started\Nthese movements
Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.71,0:01:24.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,enlisted larger numbers along the way
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.19,0:01:27.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to achieving these reforms\Nand redirections.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.78,0:01:30.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However, even at their peak,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.19,0:01:35.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the actively engaged people never\Nexceeded one percent of the citizenry,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.76,0:01:37.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,often far less.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.89,0:01:41.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These builders of democracy and justice
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.28,0:01:44.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,came out of the antislavery drives,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.12,0:01:46.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the pressures for women's right to vote.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:47.02,0:01:51.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They rose from farmers and workers\Nin industrial sectors
Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.19,0:01:55.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,demanding regulation of banks,\Nrailroads and manufacturers
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.93,0:01:57.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and fair labor standards.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.37,0:02:00.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the 20th century,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:00.20,0:02:06.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,improvements of life came\Nwith tiny third parties and their allies
Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.45,0:02:09.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,pushing the major parties\Nin the electoral arena
Dialogue: 0,0:02:09.50,0:02:11.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to adopt such measures,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.32,0:02:15.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,such as the right to form labor unions,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.72,0:02:17.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the 40-hour week,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.32,0:02:19.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,progressive taxation, the minimum wage,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.70,0:02:21.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,unemployment compensation
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.89,0:02:23.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and social security.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.86,0:02:25.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,More recently came Medicare
Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.86,0:02:28.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and civil rights, civil liberties,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.57,0:02:30.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,nuclear arms treaties,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.58,0:02:33.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,consumer and environmental triumphs --
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.92,0:02:36.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all sparked by citizen advocates
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.47,0:02:38.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and small third parties
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.14,0:02:40.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who never won a national election.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.55,0:02:44.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you're willing to lose persistently,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:44.36,0:02:47.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,your causes can become winners in time.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.03,0:02:48.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.26,0:02:50.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The story of how I came\Nto these civic activities
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.88,0:02:52.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,may be instructive
Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.79,0:02:56.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for people who go along\Nwith Senator Daniel Webster's belief,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.14,0:03:00.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Justice, sir, is the great interest\Nof man on earth."
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.65,0:03:06.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I grew up in a small,\Nhighly industrialized town in Connecticut
Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.21,0:03:08.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with three siblings and parents
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.46,0:03:12.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who owned a popular restaurant,\Nbakery and delicatessen.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:13.12,0:03:14.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Two waterways,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.49,0:03:16.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Mad River and the Still River,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.90,0:03:19.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,crossed alongside our main street.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.02,0:03:24.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As a child, I asked\Nwhy couldn't we wade and fish in them,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.60,0:03:27.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like the rivers we read about\Nin our schoolbooks.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.76,0:03:31.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The answer: the factories\Nfreely use these rivers
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.90,0:03:35.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to dump harmful toxic chemicals\Nand other pollutants.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.76,0:03:41.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, the companies took control\Nof rivers that belonged to all of us
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.09,0:03:43.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for their own profitable pursuits.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:43.35,0:03:48.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Later, I realized the rivers\Nwere not part of our normal lives at all,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:48.20,0:03:50.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,except when they flooded our streets.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.80,0:03:54.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There were no water pollution\Nregulations to speak of then.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:54.66,0:03:58.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I realized only strong laws\Ncould clean up our waterways.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:58.96,0:04:03.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My youthful observation\Nof our town's two river-sewers
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.70,0:04:07.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,started a straight line\Nto my eighth-grade graduation speech
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.89,0:04:13.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about the great conservationist,\Nnational park advocate John Muir,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:13.92,0:04:18.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then to my studies at Princeton\Non the origins of public sanitation,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.78,0:04:21.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then to Rachel Carson's\N"Silent Spring."
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.12,0:04:24.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These engagements prepared me
Dialogue: 0,0:04:24.31,0:04:28.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for seizing the golden hour\Nof environmental lawmaking
Dialogue: 0,0:04:28.22,0:04:30.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the early 1970s.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:30.19,0:04:32.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I played a leading citizen role
Dialogue: 0,0:04:32.38,0:04:35.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in lobbying through Congress\Nthe Clean Air Act;
Dialogue: 0,0:04:35.20,0:04:37.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the clean water laws, EPA;
Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.93,0:04:40.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,workplace safety standards, OSHA;
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.61,0:04:42.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the Safe Drinking Water Act.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:42.74,0:04:45.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If there's less lead in your body,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:45.03,0:04:47.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,no more asbestos in your lungs
Dialogue: 0,0:04:47.37,0:04:49.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and cleaner air and water,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:49.30,0:04:52.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's because of those laws over the years.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.12,0:04:57.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Today, enforcement of these\Nlifesaving laws under Trump
Dialogue: 0,0:04:57.37,0:05:00.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is being dismantled wholesale.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:00.89,0:05:04.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Rolling back these perils\Nis the immediate challenge
Dialogue: 0,0:05:04.52,0:05:07.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to a resurgent environmental movement
Dialogue: 0,0:05:07.06,0:05:08.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for the young generation.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:08.54,0:05:12.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As for consumer advocates,\Nthere are no permanent victories.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:12.66,0:05:15.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Passing a law is only the first step.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:15.13,0:05:19.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The next step, and the next step,\Nis defending the law.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:19.56,0:05:22.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For me, some of these battles\Nwere highly personal.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:22.96,0:05:28.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I lost friends in high school and college\Nto highway collisions,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:28.17,0:05:30.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the first leading cause of death\Nin that age group.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:31.45,0:05:33.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then, the blame was put on the driver,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:33.67,0:05:37.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,derisively called\N"the nut behind the wheel."
Dialogue: 0,0:05:37.64,0:05:40.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,True, drunk drivers had responsibility,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:40.71,0:05:45.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but safer-designed vehicles and highways\Ncould prevent crashes
Dialogue: 0,0:05:45.12,0:05:47.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and diminish their severity\Nwhen they occurred.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:47.87,0:05:50.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There were no seat belts,\Npadded dash panels,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:50.11,0:05:54.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,no airbags or other\Ncrash-worthy protections
Dialogue: 0,0:05:54.22,0:05:57.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to diminish the severity of collisions.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:57.90,0:06:03.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The brakes, tires and handling stability\Nof US vehicles left much to be desired,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:03.74,0:06:06.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even in comparison\Nwith foreign manufacturers.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:07.47,0:06:09.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I liked to hitchhike,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:09.32,0:06:12.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,including back and forth\Nfrom Princeton and Harvard Law School.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:13.31,0:06:18.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sometimes, a driver and I came upon\Nghastly crash scenes.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:18.97,0:06:21.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The horrors made a deep impression on me.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:22.21,0:06:25.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They sparked my writing\Na paper at law school
Dialogue: 0,0:06:25.28,0:06:29.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on unsafe automotive design and the need\Nfor motor vehicle safety laws.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:30.26,0:06:33.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One of my closest friends\Nat law school, Fred Condon,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:33.71,0:06:38.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was driving home one day from work\Nto his young family in New Hampshire
Dialogue: 0,0:06:39.22,0:06:43.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and momentarily drowsed\Nbehind the wheel of his station wagon.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:44.25,0:06:47.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The vehicle went to the shoulder\Nof the road and tipped over.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:47.93,0:06:50.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There were no seat belts in 1961.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:50.91,0:06:52.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Fred became a paraplegic.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:53.44,0:06:58.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Such preventable violence\Ncreated fire in my belly.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:58.53,0:07:02.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The auto industry was\Ncruelly refusing to install
Dialogue: 0,0:07:02.77,0:07:06.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,long-known lifesaving safety features\Nand pollution controls.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:07.01,0:07:11.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Instead, the industry focused on\Nadvertising the annual style changes
Dialogue: 0,0:07:11.88,0:07:13.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and excessive horsepower.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:13.64,0:07:14.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was outraged.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:16.19,0:07:20.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The more I investigated the suppression\Nof auto safety devices,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:20.02,0:07:23.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,publicized evidence from court cases\Nabout the auto companies
Dialogue: 0,0:07:23.61,0:07:26.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,negligently harming vehicle occupants --
Dialogue: 0,0:07:26.87,0:07:31.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,especially the instability\Nof a GM vehicle called the Corvair --
Dialogue: 0,0:07:31.28,0:07:35.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the more General Motors was keen on\Ndiscrediting my writings and testimony.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:35.90,0:07:40.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They hired private detectives\Nto follow me in order to get dirt.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:41.50,0:07:45.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,After the publication of my book,\N"Unsafe at Any Speed,"
Dialogue: 0,0:07:45.12,0:07:48.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,GM wanted to undermine\Nmy forthcoming testimony
Dialogue: 0,0:07:48.75,0:07:51.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,before a Senate subcommittee in 1966.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:52.12,0:07:53.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Capitol Police caught them.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:54.72,0:07:56.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The media was all over\Nthe struggle in Congress
Dialogue: 0,0:07:57.01,0:07:59.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between me and giant General Motors.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:59.64,0:08:02.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,With remarkable speed compared to today,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:02.86,0:08:08.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in 1966, Congress and President Johnson\Nbrought the largest industry in America
Dialogue: 0,0:08:08.69,0:08:10.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,under federal regulation
Dialogue: 0,0:08:10.43,0:08:14.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for safety, pollution control\Nand fuel efficiency.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:14.84,0:08:17.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By the year 2015,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:17.13,0:08:21.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,three and a half million deaths\Nwere averted just in the US,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:21.50,0:08:23.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,millions more injuries prevented,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:23.71,0:08:26.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,billions of dollars saved.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:26.28,0:08:31.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What did it take for a victory\Nagainst such overwhelming odds?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:31.69,0:08:33.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, there were:
Dialogue: 0,0:08:33.57,0:08:38.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one, a few advocates who knew how\Nto communicate the evidence everywhere;
Dialogue: 0,0:08:38.73,0:08:43.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,two, several key receptive\Ncongressional committee chairs
Dialogue: 0,0:08:43.43,0:08:44.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,led by three senators;
Dialogue: 0,0:08:45.59,0:08:48.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,three, about seven reporters\Nfrom major newspapers
Dialogue: 0,0:08:49.01,0:08:53.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who regularly reported on\Nthe unfolding story;
Dialogue: 0,0:08:53.24,0:08:56.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,four, President Lyndon Johnson,\Nwith assistance,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:56.99,0:09:02.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,amenable to creating\Na regulatory safety agency, NHTSA;
Dialogue: 0,0:09:02.53,0:09:08.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and five, a dozen auto engineers,\Ninspectors and physicians
Dialogue: 0,0:09:08.52,0:09:11.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who divulged crucial information,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:11.36,0:09:13.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and who need to be better known.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:13.90,0:09:17.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One more factor was critical:\Ninformed public opinion.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:17.61,0:09:22.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A majority of people learned about\Nhow much safer their cars could be.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:22.75,0:09:25.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They wanted their vehicles\Nto be fuel-efficient.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:25.60,0:09:27.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They wanted to breathe cleaner air.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:28.47,0:09:31.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The result: in September 1966,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:31.43,0:09:36.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,President Lyndon Johnson signed\Nthe safety legislation in the White House
Dialogue: 0,0:09:36.26,0:09:39.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with me by his side, receiving a pen!
Dialogue: 0,0:09:39.53,0:09:40.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:09:40.56,0:09:44.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Between 1966 and 1976,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:44.28,0:09:48.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,those six critically connected factors\Nwere used over and over.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:49.33,0:09:53.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It became the golden age\Nof legislation and regulatory action
Dialogue: 0,0:09:53.87,0:09:57.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for consumer, worker\Nand environmental protection.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:57.97,0:10:01.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Those connected elements\Nof our past campaigns
Dialogue: 0,0:10:01.14,0:10:05.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,need to be kept in mind\Nby people striving to do the same today
Dialogue: 0,0:10:05.59,0:10:07.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for drinking water safety,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:07.53,0:10:09.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,antibiotic resistance deaths,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:09.90,0:10:12.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,criminal justice reform,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:12.54,0:10:15.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,risks from climate disruption,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:15.16,0:10:17.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,bio- and nanotech impacts,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:17.39,0:10:18.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the nuclear arms race,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:18.96,0:10:20.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,peace treaties,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:20.14,0:10:21.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,dangers to children,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:21.50,0:10:23.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,chemical and radioactive perils,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:23.66,0:10:25.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the like.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:25.23,0:10:31.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,According to a solid study in 2016\Nby Johns Hopkins School of Medicine,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:31.15,0:10:33.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,preventable hospital deaths
Dialogue: 0,0:10:33.25,0:10:37.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,take a mind-boggling 5,000 lives\Na week in America.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:39.17,0:10:41.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The 1980s climax:
Dialogue: 0,0:10:41.100,0:10:46.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our dramatic struggle\Nto limit smoking in public places,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:46.86,0:10:48.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,regulate the tobacco industry
Dialogue: 0,0:10:48.53,0:10:51.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and establish conditions\Nfor reducing smoking.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:52.25,0:10:55.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Their struggle began in earnest in 1964,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:55.97,0:10:58.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the US Surgeon\NGeneral's famous report
Dialogue: 0,0:10:58.85,0:11:02.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,linking cigarette smoking\Nto cancer and other diseases.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:02.97,0:11:07.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Over 400,000 deaths a year\Nin the United States
Dialogue: 0,0:11:07.49,0:11:09.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are related to smoking.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:10.17,0:11:15.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Public hearings, litigation, media exposés\Nand industry whistleblowers
Dialogue: 0,0:11:15.68,0:11:20.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,joined with crucial medical scientists\Nto take on a very powerful industry.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:21.05,0:11:24.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I asked Michael Pertschuk,\Na leading Senate staffer,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:24.60,0:11:30.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how many full-time advocates were working\Non tobacco industry control at that time.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:30.30,0:11:35.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Mr. Pertschuk estimated no more\Nthan 1,000 full-time champions in the US
Dialogue: 0,0:11:35.65,0:11:37.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,pressing for a smoke-free society.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:38.23,0:11:43.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I say that's a remarkably small number\Nof people making it happen.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:44.23,0:11:49.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They had a public opinion majority\Nof aroused people, nonsmokers,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:49.08,0:11:50.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,behind them.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:50.44,0:11:53.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Many smokers were quitting\Nthe nicotine addiction.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:53.75,0:11:57.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Just think: from 45 percent of adults
Dialogue: 0,0:11:57.21,0:12:01.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,down to 15 percent by 2018.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:01.75,0:12:04.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The tipping point was when\NCongress passed legislation
Dialogue: 0,0:12:04.60,0:12:07.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,empowering the Food\Nand Drug Administration
Dialogue: 0,0:12:07.13,0:12:09.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to regulate the tobacco companies.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:09.59,0:12:12.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Keep in mind that advances\Nfor consumers and workers
Dialogue: 0,0:12:12.98,0:12:17.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are usually followed by\Na variety of corporate counterattacks.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:17.37,0:12:20.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When the fervor behind such reform fades,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:21.73,0:12:28.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then legislatures and regulatory agencies\Nbecome very vulnerable to industry capture
Dialogue: 0,0:12:28.09,0:12:31.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that stalls existing\Nor further enforcement.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:31.72,0:12:32.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What's that saying?
Dialogue: 0,0:12:32.92,0:12:36.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Justice requires constant vigilance."
Dialogue: 0,0:12:37.14,0:12:38.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We see the difference between
Dialogue: 0,0:12:38.67,0:12:43.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the driven stamina of counterattacking,\Nprofit-driven corporate power
Dialogue: 0,0:12:43.72,0:12:47.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the fatigue that overcomes\Na voluntary citizenry
Dialogue: 0,0:12:47.78,0:12:50.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whose awareness and skill need renewal.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:51.80,0:12:53.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is not a fair contest
Dialogue: 0,0:12:53.73,0:12:57.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between large companies\Nlike General Motors, Pfizer,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:57.66,0:13:01.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ExxonMobil, Wells Fargo, Monsanto,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:01.65,0:13:05.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,plus other very wealthy\Ncompanies and lobbyists,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:05.35,0:13:09.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,compared to people protection groups\Nwith very limited resources.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:10.07,0:13:13.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Moreover, the corporations\Nhave immunities and privileges
Dialogue: 0,0:13:13.04,0:13:15.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,unavailable to real human beings.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:16.44,0:13:22.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For example, Takata was guilty\Nof a horrific airbag scandal,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:22.17,0:13:25.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the company escaped\Ncriminal prosecution.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:25.08,0:13:31.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Instead, Takata was allowed to go bankrupt\Nand its executives kept nice nest eggs.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:32.08,0:13:35.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But organized people need not\Nbe awed by corporate power.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:35.93,0:13:38.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Lawmakers still want votes
Dialogue: 0,0:13:38.63,0:13:43.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,more than they need\Ncampaign finance from corporations.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:44.62,0:13:48.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We far outnumber corporations\Nin potential influence.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:49.51,0:13:52.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But voters must be connected clearly
Dialogue: 0,0:13:52.27,0:13:57.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to what organized voters want\Nfrom the lawmakers.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:57.04,0:14:02.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Delegating the constitutional\Nauthority of "we the people,"
Dialogue: 0,0:14:02.07,0:14:05.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we want them to do the people's work.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:06.58,0:14:08.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A people's Congress,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:08.43,0:14:11.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the most constitutionally powerful\Nbranch of government,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:11.83,0:14:16.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can override, block or rechannel\Nthe most destructive corporations.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:17.74,0:14:21.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are only 100 senators\Nand 435 representatives
Dialogue: 0,0:14:21.92,0:14:25.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with just two million\Norganized activists back home,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:25.35,0:14:27.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a Congress watchdog hobby.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:27.80,0:14:31.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Congressional justice\Ncan be made reliable and prompt.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:31.54,0:14:34.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We've proved that again and again\Nwith far fewer people.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:35.18,0:14:38.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But today, Congress,\Nmarinated in campaign money,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:38.49,0:14:42.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has been abdicating its responsibilities\Nto an executive branch
Dialogue: 0,0:14:42.51,0:14:46.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which too often has become a corporate\Nstate controlled by big companies.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:47.56,0:14:53.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,President Franklin D. Roosevelt,\Nin 1938, in a message to Congress,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:53.11,0:14:57.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,called concentrated corporate power\Nover our government
Dialogue: 0,0:14:57.49,0:15:00.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,quote -- fascism -- end quote.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:00.90,0:15:04.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A modest engagement\Nof one percent of adults
Dialogue: 0,0:15:04.23,0:15:07.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in each of the 435\Ncongressional districts,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:07.88,0:15:11.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,summoning senators and representatives\Nor state legislators
Dialogue: 0,0:15:11.60,0:15:13.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to their own town meetings,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:13.99,0:15:16.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where the citizenry presents their agenda,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:16.58,0:15:18.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,backed by a majority of voters,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:18.74,0:15:20.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can turn Congress around.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:20.72,0:15:26.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Our representatives can become\Na fountainhead of democracy and justice,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:26.17,0:15:28.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,elevating human possibilities.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:28.62,0:15:30.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I dream of our schools,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:30.39,0:15:31.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or after-school clinics,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:31.87,0:15:36.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,teaching community civic action skills,\Nleading to the good life.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:36.53,0:15:39.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Adult education classes\Nshould do the same.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:39.06,0:15:43.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need to create citizen training\Nand action libraries.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:44.00,0:15:48.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Students and adults love knowledge\Nthat relates to their daily lives.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:49.38,0:15:53.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Large majorities of Americans,\Nregardless of political labels,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:53.88,0:15:55.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,favor a living wage,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:55.39,0:15:57.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,universal health insurance,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:57.13,0:16:00.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,real enforcement against\Ncorporate crime, fraud and abuse.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:00.74,0:16:03.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They want a fair, productive tax system,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:03.20,0:16:06.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,public budgets returning value\Nto the people back home
Dialogue: 0,0:16:06.92,0:16:08.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in modern infrastructure,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:08.61,0:16:11.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and an end to most corporate subsidies.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:11.22,0:16:15.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Increasingly, they're demanding\Nserious attention to climate disruption
Dialogue: 0,0:16:15.81,0:16:19.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and other environmental\Nand global health perils and pandemics.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:20.56,0:16:23.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Big majorities of people\Nwant efficient government,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:23.26,0:16:27.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,an end to endless,\Naggressive wars that boomerang.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:27.87,0:16:32.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They want clean elections\Nand fair rules for voters and candidates.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:32.56,0:16:35.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These are changes\Nthat bring people together,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:35.56,0:16:38.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,changes Congress can make happen.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:38.26,0:16:40.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People around the world favor democracy,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:41.02,0:16:45.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it brings the best\Nout of its inhabitants and its leaders.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:45.14,0:16:47.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But this objective requires citizens\Nto want to spend time
Dialogue: 0,0:16:47.99,0:16:51.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on this great opportunity\Ncalled democracy,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:51.27,0:16:53.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between and at elections.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:53.92,0:16:57.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,History gives examples\Nthat encourage us to believe
Dialogue: 0,0:16:57.09,0:16:59.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that breaking through power\Nis easier than we think.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:00.33,0:17:02.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People say to me,\N"I don't know what to do!"
Dialogue: 0,0:17:02.94,0:17:04.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Start to learn by doing.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:05.07,0:17:07.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The more they practice citizen action,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:07.04,0:17:09.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the more skilled and innovative\Nthey become at it.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:09.91,0:17:14.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Like learning a trade, a profession,\Na hobby, learning how to swim,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:14.50,0:17:17.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,their doubts, prejudgments and hesitancy
Dialogue: 0,0:17:17.40,0:17:20.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,begin to melt away\Nin the crucible of action.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:20.52,0:17:23.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Their arguments for change\Nbecome deeper and sharper.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:24.36,0:17:27.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,From 1965 to 1966,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:27.73,0:17:30.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when I was making the case\Nfor safer automobiles,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:31.01,0:17:34.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I realized that there were a lot\Nof industries making a lot of money
Dialogue: 0,0:17:34.43,0:17:37.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from dealing with\Nthe horrific results of crashes:
Dialogue: 0,0:17:37.98,0:17:42.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,medical care, insurance sales,\Nrepairing cars ...
Dialogue: 0,0:17:42.41,0:17:47.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There was a perverse incentive\Nto do nothing but maintain the status quo.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:47.06,0:17:50.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By contrast, preventing these tragedies
Dialogue: 0,0:17:50.79,0:17:54.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,frees consumer dollars to spend or save\Nin voluntary [ways]
Dialogue: 0,0:17:54.78,0:17:56.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for better livelihoods.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:57.43,0:18:01.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What it takes is a small number of people\Nto exert their civic muscle,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:01.72,0:18:04.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,both as individuals and organized groups,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:04.30,0:18:06.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on our legal decision makers.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:06.90,0:18:12.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ideally, it only takes a few enlightened\Nrich people contributing funds
Dialogue: 0,0:18:12.08,0:18:16.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to accelerate citizen efforts\Nagainst the commanders of greed and power.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:16.77,0:18:19.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why, in our past, rich people\Ndonated essential money
Dialogue: 0,0:18:19.100,0:18:24.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for the antislavery, women's right\Nto vote and civil rights movements.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:24.53,0:18:26.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We should remember that.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:26.04,0:18:28.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,With the onset of climate catastrophe,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:28.17,0:18:32.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,every one of us needs to have\Na higher estimate of our own significance,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:32.94,0:18:36.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of our own sustained\Ndedication to the civic life,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:36.48,0:18:39.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as part of a normal way of daily living,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:39.88,0:18:42.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,along with our personal family life.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:42.54,0:18:45.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Showing up thoughtfully\Nis half of democracy.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:45.82,0:18:49.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's what advances life, liberty\Nand the pursuit of happiness.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:49.58,0:18:53.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Remember, our country\Nis full of problems we don't deserve
Dialogue: 0,0:18:53.04,0:18:55.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and solutions which we do not apply.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:56.02,0:19:00.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That gap is a democracy gap\Nthat no power can stop us from closing.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:00.99,0:19:03.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We owe this to our posterity.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:03.74,0:19:05.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Don't we want our descendants,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:05.56,0:19:09.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,instead of cursing us\Nfor our shortsighted neglect,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:09.77,0:19:12.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,don't we want them to bless our foresight
Dialogue: 0,0:19:12.28,0:19:16.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and bright horizons which can\Nfulfill their lives peacefully
Dialogue: 0,0:19:16.76,0:19:18.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and advance the common good?
Dialogue: 0,0:19:19.14,0:19:20.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:21.03,0:19:23.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)