WEBVTT 00:00:00.860 --> 00:00:03.739 As a kid I always loved information 00:00:03.739 --> 00:00:05.587 that I could get from data 00:00:05.587 --> 00:00:08.629 and the stories that could be told with numbers. 00:00:08.629 --> 00:00:10.913 I remember, growing up, I'd be frustrated at 00:00:10.913 --> 00:00:16.459 how my own parents would lie to me using numbers. 00:00:16.459 --> 00:00:21.443 "Talithia, if I've told you once I've told you a thousand times." 00:00:21.443 --> 00:00:25.335 No dad, you've only told me 17 times 00:00:25.335 --> 00:00:28.497 and twice it wasn't my fault. (Laughter) NOTE Paragraph 00:00:28.497 --> 00:00:31.661 I think that is one of the reasons I got a Ph.D. in statistics. 00:00:31.661 --> 00:00:32.569 I always wanted to know, 00:00:32.569 --> 00:00:35.755 what are people trying to hide with numbers? 00:00:35.755 --> 00:00:36.938 As a statistician, 00:00:36.938 --> 00:00:40.791 I want people to show me the data 00:00:40.791 --> 00:00:43.126 so I can decide for myself. 00:00:43.126 --> 00:00:46.175 Donald and I were pregnant with our third child 00:00:46.175 --> 00:00:48.909 and we were at about 41 and a half weeks, 00:00:48.909 --> 00:00:52.286 what some of you may refer to as being overdue. 00:00:52.286 --> 00:00:54.121 Statisticians, we call that 00:00:54.121 --> 00:00:56.807 being within the 95 percent confidence interval. 00:00:56.807 --> 00:00:58.673 (Laughter) 00:00:58.673 --> 00:01:00.951 And at this point in the process 00:01:00.951 --> 00:01:03.144 we had to come in every couple of days 00:01:03.144 --> 00:01:04.952 to do a stress test on the baby, 00:01:04.952 --> 00:01:06.134 and this is just routine, 00:01:06.134 --> 00:01:10.720 it tests whether or not the baby is feeling any type of undue stress. 00:01:10.720 --> 00:01:14.113 And you are rarely, if ever, seen by your actual doctor, 00:01:14.113 --> 00:01:17.280 just whoever happens to be working at the hospital that day. 00:01:17.280 --> 00:01:20.026 So we go in for a stress test and after 20 minutes 00:01:20.026 --> 00:01:23.524 the doctor comes out and he says, 00:01:23.524 --> 00:01:29.079 "Your baby is under stress, we need to induce you." 00:01:29.079 --> 00:01:33.698 Now, as a statistician, what's my response? 00:01:33.698 --> 00:01:37.370 Show me the data! 00:01:37.370 --> 00:01:40.072 So then he proceeds to tell us 00:01:40.072 --> 00:01:42.497 the baby's heart rate trace went from 18 minutes, 00:01:42.497 --> 00:01:44.468 the baby's heart rate was in the normal zone 00:01:44.468 --> 00:01:47.421 and for two minutes it was in what appeared to be 00:01:47.421 --> 00:01:51.131 my heart rate zone and I said, 00:01:51.131 --> 00:01:53.497 "Is it possible that maybe this was my heart rate? 00:01:53.497 --> 00:01:55.492 I was moving around a little bit, 00:01:55.492 --> 00:01:57.790 it's hard to lay still on your back, 00:01:57.790 --> 00:02:00.308 41 weeks pregnant for 20 minutes. 00:02:00.308 --> 00:02:02.481 Maybe it was shifting around." 00:02:02.481 --> 00:02:07.457 He said, "Well, we don't want to take any chances." 00:02:07.457 --> 00:02:08.717 I said okay. 00:02:08.717 --> 00:02:10.436 I said, "What if I was at 36 weeks 00:02:10.436 --> 00:02:12.245 with this same data? 00:02:12.245 --> 00:02:16.124 Would your decision be to induce?" 00:02:16.124 --> 00:02:19.692 "Well, no, I would wait until you were at least 00:02:19.692 --> 00:02:21.702 38 weeks, but you are almost 42, 00:02:21.702 --> 00:02:23.709 there is no reason to leave that baby inside, 00:02:23.709 --> 00:02:25.660 let's get you a room." 00:02:25.660 --> 00:02:32.241 I said, "Well, why don't we just do it again? 00:02:32.241 --> 00:02:33.962 We can collect more data. 00:02:33.962 --> 00:02:36.373 I can try to be really still for 20 minutes. 00:02:36.373 --> 00:02:39.056 We can average the two and see 00:02:39.056 --> 00:02:41.738 what that means. (Laughter) 00:02:41.738 --> 00:02:45.385 And he goes, 00:02:45.385 --> 00:02:52.434 "Ma'am, I just don't want you to have a miscarriage." 00:02:52.434 --> 00:02:55.566 That makes three of us. 00:02:55.566 --> 00:02:56.720 And then he says, 00:02:56.720 --> 00:03:00.838 "Your chances of having a miscarriage double 00:03:00.838 --> 00:03:04.605 when you go past your due date. Let's get you a room." 00:03:04.605 --> 00:03:10.892 Wow. So now as a statistician, what's my response? 00:03:10.892 --> 00:03:12.240 Show me the data! 00:03:12.240 --> 00:03:13.445 Dude, you're talking chances, 00:03:13.445 --> 00:03:15.701 I do chances all day long, tell me all about chances. 00:03:15.701 --> 00:03:17.523 Let's talk chances. (Laughter) 00:03:17.523 --> 00:03:19.488 Let's talk chances. NOTE Paragraph 00:03:19.488 --> 00:03:20.689 So I say, "Okay, great. 00:03:20.689 --> 00:03:24.590 Do I go from a 30-percent chance to a 60-percent chance? 00:03:24.590 --> 00:03:27.141 Where are we here with this miscarriage thing? 00:03:27.141 --> 00:03:30.437 And he goes, "Not quite, but it doubles, 00:03:30.437 --> 00:03:35.419 and we really just want what's best for the baby." 00:03:35.419 --> 00:03:37.582 Undaunted, I try a different angle. 00:03:37.582 --> 00:03:43.089 I said, "Okay, out of 1,000 full-term pregnant women, 00:03:43.089 --> 00:03:45.616 how many of them are going to miscarry 00:03:45.616 --> 00:03:47.411 just before their due date? 00:03:47.411 --> 00:03:50.259 And then he looks at me and looks at Donald, 00:03:50.259 --> 00:03:54.962 and he goes, about one in 1,000. 00:03:54.962 --> 00:03:57.792 I said, "Okay, so of those 1,000 women, how many 00:03:57.792 --> 00:04:02.650 are going to miscarry just after their due date?" NOTE Paragraph 00:04:02.650 --> 00:04:06.222 "About two." (Laughter) 00:04:06.222 --> 00:04:08.266 I said, "Okay, so you are telling me that my chances 00:04:08.266 --> 00:04:12.213 go from a 0.1-percent chance 00:04:12.213 --> 00:04:16.459 to a 0.2-percent chance." NOTE Paragraph 00:04:16.459 --> 00:04:18.757 Okay, so at this point the data is not convincing us 00:04:18.757 --> 00:04:20.385 that we need to be induced, 00:04:20.385 --> 00:04:22.334 and so then we proceed to have a conversation 00:04:22.334 --> 00:04:24.982 about how inductions lead to a higher rate 00:04:24.982 --> 00:04:28.973 of Cesarean sections, and if at all possible we'd like to avoid that. 00:04:28.973 --> 00:04:30.225 And then I said, 00:04:30.225 --> 00:04:33.105 "And I really don't think my due date is accurate." 00:04:33.105 --> 00:04:35.705 (Laughter) 00:04:35.705 --> 00:04:38.445 And so this really stunned him 00:04:38.445 --> 00:04:40.095 and he looked sort of puzzled 00:04:40.095 --> 00:04:42.227 and I said, "You may not know this, 00:04:42.227 --> 00:04:43.808 but pregnancy due dates are calculated 00:04:43.808 --> 00:04:46.346 assuming that you have a standard 28-day cycle, 00:04:46.346 --> 00:04:47.748 and my cycle ranges — 00:04:47.748 --> 00:04:51.295 sometimes it's 27, sometimes it's up to 38 — 00:04:51.295 --> 00:04:54.449 and I have been collecting the data to prove it. 00:04:54.449 --> 00:04:58.233 (Laughter) 00:04:58.233 --> 00:05:04.070 And so we ended up leaving the hospital that day without being induced. 00:05:04.070 --> 00:05:10.263 We actually had to sign a waiver to walk out of the hospital. 00:05:10.263 --> 00:05:13.951 And I'm not advocating that you not listen to your doctors, 00:05:13.951 --> 00:05:15.869 because even with our first child, 00:05:15.869 --> 00:05:19.511 we were induced at 38 weeks; cervical fluid was low. 00:05:19.511 --> 00:05:21.969 I'm not anti-medical intervention. 00:05:21.969 --> 00:05:24.833 But why were confident to leave that day? 00:05:24.833 --> 00:05:28.483 Well, we had data that told a different story. 00:05:28.483 --> 00:05:33.491 We had been collecting data for six years. 00:05:33.491 --> 00:05:35.789 I had this temperature data, 00:05:35.789 --> 00:05:37.064 and it told a different story. 00:05:37.064 --> 00:05:44.477 In fact, we could probably pretty accurately estimate conception. 00:05:44.477 --> 00:05:46.379 Yeah, that's a story you want to tell 00:05:46.379 --> 00:05:49.631 at your kid's wedding reception. (Laughter) 00:05:49.631 --> 00:05:53.324 I remember like it was yesterday. 00:05:53.324 --> 00:05:55.965 My temperature was a sizzling 97.8 degrees 00:05:55.965 --> 00:06:00.119 as I stared into your father's eyes. (Laughter) 00:06:00.119 --> 00:06:06.931 Oh, yeah. Twenty-two more years, we're telling that story. 00:06:06.931 --> 00:06:09.982 But we were confident to leave because we had been collecting data. 00:06:09.984 --> 00:06:11.590 Now, what does that data look like? 00:06:11.590 --> 00:06:14.427 Here's a standard chart 00:06:14.427 --> 00:06:17.729 of a woman's waking body temperature 00:06:17.729 --> 00:06:19.246 during the course of a cycle. 00:06:19.246 --> 00:06:20.699 So from the beginning of the menstrual cycle 00:06:20.699 --> 00:06:22.051 till the beginning of the next. 00:06:22.051 --> 00:06:24.872 You'll see that the temperature is not random. 00:06:24.872 --> 00:06:26.936 Clearly there is a low pattern 00:06:26.936 --> 00:06:28.935 at the beginning of her cycle 00:06:28.935 --> 00:06:31.434 and then you see this jump and then a higher 00:06:31.434 --> 00:06:33.712 set of temperatures at the end of her cycle. 00:06:33.712 --> 00:06:35.133 So what's happening here? 00:06:35.133 --> 00:06:37.739 What is that data telling you? 00:06:37.739 --> 00:06:40.438 Well, ladies, at the beginning of our cycle, 00:06:40.438 --> 00:06:43.780 the hormone estrogen is dominant and that estrogen 00:06:43.780 --> 00:06:47.589 causes a suppression of your body temperature. 00:06:47.589 --> 00:06:51.126 And at ovulation, your body releases an egg 00:06:51.126 --> 00:06:56.141 and progesterone takes over, pro-gestation. 00:06:56.141 --> 00:06:58.493 And so your body heats up in anticipation 00:06:58.493 --> 00:07:02.279 of housing this new little fertilized egg. 00:07:02.279 --> 00:07:05.011 So why this temperature jump? 00:07:05.011 --> 00:07:08.687 Well, think about when a bird sits on her eggs. 00:07:08.687 --> 00:07:10.153 Why is she sitting on them? 00:07:10.153 --> 00:07:12.090 She wants to keep them warm, 00:07:12.090 --> 00:07:13.594 protect them and keep them warm. 00:07:13.594 --> 00:07:15.865 Ladies, this is exactly what our bodies do every month, 00:07:15.865 --> 00:07:17.956 they heat up in anticipation 00:07:17.956 --> 00:07:21.092 of keeping a new little life warm. 00:07:21.092 --> 00:07:24.022 And if nothing happens, if you are not pregnant, 00:07:24.022 --> 00:07:28.564 then estrogen takes back over and that cycle starts all over again. 00:07:28.564 --> 00:07:30.511 But if you do get pregnant, sometimes you 00:07:30.511 --> 00:07:33.055 actually see another shift in your temperatures 00:07:33.055 --> 00:07:36.342 and it stays elevated for those whole nine months. 00:07:36.342 --> 00:07:39.667 That's why you see those pregnant women just sweating and hot, 00:07:39.667 --> 00:07:43.045 because their temperatures are high. 00:07:43.045 --> 00:07:47.414 Here's a chart that we had about three or four years ago. 00:07:47.414 --> 00:07:49.434 We were really very excited about this chart. 00:07:49.434 --> 00:07:51.970 You'll see the low temperature level 00:07:51.970 --> 00:07:55.012 and then a shift and for about five days, 00:07:55.012 --> 00:07:57.471 that's about the time it takes for the egg to travel 00:07:57.471 --> 00:07:59.918 down the fallopian tube and implant, 00:07:59.918 --> 00:08:03.559 and then you see those temperatures start to go up a little bit. 00:08:03.559 --> 00:08:06.772 And in fact, we had a second temperature shift, 00:08:06.772 --> 00:08:10.832 confirmed with a pregnancy test that were indeed pregnant 00:08:10.832 --> 00:08:13.913 with our first child, very exciting. 00:08:13.913 --> 00:08:15.944 Until a couple of days later 00:08:15.944 --> 00:08:20.885 I saw some spotting and then I noticed heavy blood flow, 00:08:20.885 --> 00:08:25.244 and we had in fact had an early stage miscarriage. 00:08:25.244 --> 00:08:29.114 Had I not been taking my temperature 00:08:29.114 --> 00:08:33.012 I really would have just thought my period was late that month, 00:08:33.012 --> 00:08:34.820 but we actually had data to show 00:08:34.820 --> 00:08:37.447 that we had miscarried this baby, 00:08:37.447 --> 00:08:39.280 and even though this data revealed a really 00:08:39.280 --> 00:08:41.064 unfortunate event in our lives, 00:08:41.064 --> 00:08:43.531 it was information that we could then take to our doctor. 00:08:43.531 --> 00:08:46.159 So if there was a fertility issue or some problem, 00:08:46.159 --> 00:08:47.414 I had data to show: 00:08:47.414 --> 00:08:49.761 Look, we got pregnant, our temperature shifted, 00:08:49.761 --> 00:08:51.445 we somehow lost this baby. 00:08:51.445 --> 00:08:54.805 What is it that we can do to help prevent this problem? 00:08:54.805 --> 00:08:58.326 And it's not just about temperatures 00:08:58.326 --> 00:09:01.067 and it's not just about fertility; 00:09:01.067 --> 00:09:04.955 we can use data about our bodies to tell us a lot of things. NOTE Paragraph 00:09:04.955 --> 00:09:08.785 For instance, did you know that taking your temperature can tell you a lot 00:09:08.785 --> 00:09:10.924 about the condition of your thyroid? 00:09:10.924 --> 00:09:14.939 So, your thyroid works a lot like the thermostat in your house. 00:09:14.939 --> 00:09:17.157 There is an optimal temperature that you want in your house; 00:09:17.157 --> 00:09:18.681 you set your thermostat. 00:09:18.681 --> 00:09:21.175 When it gets too cold in the house, your thermostat kicks in 00:09:21.175 --> 00:09:24.393 and says, "Hey, we need to blow some heat around." 00:09:24.393 --> 00:09:26.062 Or if it gets too hot, your thermostat 00:09:26.062 --> 00:09:29.619 registers, "Turn the A.C. on. Cool us off." 00:09:29.619 --> 00:09:33.416 That's exactly how your thyroid works in your body. 00:09:33.416 --> 00:09:36.116 Your thyroid tries to keep an optimal temperature 00:09:36.116 --> 00:09:37.144 for your body. 00:09:37.144 --> 00:09:39.626 If it gets too cold, your thyroid says, "Hey, we need to heat up." 00:09:39.626 --> 00:09:42.814 If it gets too hot, your thyroid cools you down. 00:09:42.814 --> 00:09:47.220 But what happens when your thyroid is not functioning well? 00:09:47.220 --> 00:09:49.587 When it doesn't function, then it shows up 00:09:49.587 --> 00:09:50.773 in your body temperatures, 00:09:50.773 --> 00:09:53.428 they tend to be lower than normal or very erratic. 00:09:53.428 --> 00:09:54.698 And so by collecting this data 00:09:54.698 --> 00:09:57.685 you can find out information about your thyroid. NOTE Paragraph 00:09:57.685 --> 00:10:01.249 Now, what is it, if you had a thyroid problem and you went to the doctor, 00:10:01.249 --> 00:10:03.682 your doctor would actually test the amount of 00:10:03.682 --> 00:10:06.620 thyroid stimulating hormone in your blood. 00:10:06.620 --> 00:10:10.803 Fine. But the problem with that test is 00:10:10.803 --> 00:10:13.568 it doesn't tell you how active the hormone is in your body. 00:10:13.568 --> 00:10:15.617 So you might have a lot of hormone present, 00:10:15.617 --> 00:10:17.365 but it might not be actively working to regulate 00:10:17.365 --> 00:10:18.613 your body temperature. 00:10:18.613 --> 00:10:20.362 So just by collecting your temperature every day, 00:10:20.362 --> 00:10:23.982 you get information about the condition of your thyroid. 00:10:23.982 --> 00:10:26.463 So, what if you don't want to take your temperature every day? 00:10:26.463 --> 00:10:28.021 I advocate that you do, 00:10:28.021 --> 00:10:29.876 but there are tons of other things you could take. 00:10:29.876 --> 00:10:32.681 You could take your blood pressure, you could take your weight — 00:10:32.681 --> 00:10:34.271 yeah, who's excited about 00:10:34.271 --> 00:10:37.808 taking their weight every day? (Laughter) NOTE Paragraph 00:10:37.808 --> 00:10:42.599 Early on in our marriage, Donald had a stuffy nose 00:10:42.599 --> 00:10:45.719 and he had been taking a slew of medications 00:10:45.719 --> 00:10:49.718 to try to relieve his stuffy nose, to no avail. 00:10:49.718 --> 00:10:53.957 And so, that night he comes and he wakes me up and he says, 00:10:53.957 --> 00:10:57.764 "Honey, I can't breath out of my nose." 00:10:57.764 --> 00:11:02.582 And I roll over and I look, and I said, "Well, can you breath out of your mouth?" 00:11:02.582 --> 00:11:04.060 (Laughter) 00:11:04.060 --> 00:11:11.140 And he goes, "Yes, but I can't breath out of my nose!" 00:11:11.140 --> 00:11:14.160 And so like any good wife, I rush him 00:11:14.160 --> 00:11:15.995 to the emergency room 00:11:15.995 --> 00:11:18.427 at 2 o'clock in the morning. 00:11:18.427 --> 00:11:21.897 And the whole time I'm driving and I'm thinking, 00:11:21.897 --> 00:11:24.746 you can't die on me now. 00:11:24.746 --> 00:11:26.916 We just got married, 00:11:26.916 --> 00:11:31.374 people will think I killed you! (Laughter) 00:11:31.374 --> 00:11:35.047 And so, we get to the emergency room, and the nurse sees us, 00:11:35.047 --> 00:11:37.668 and he can't breath out of his nose, and so 00:11:37.668 --> 00:11:39.751 she brings us to the back and the doctor says, 00:11:39.751 --> 00:11:42.940 "What seems to be the problem?" and he goes, "I can't breath out of my nose." 00:11:42.940 --> 00:11:44.989 And he said, "You can't breath out of your nose? 00:11:44.989 --> 00:11:50.866 No, but he can breath out of his mouth. (Laughter) 00:11:50.866 --> 00:11:53.508 He takes a step back and he looks at both of us 00:11:53.508 --> 00:11:57.374 and he says "Sir, I think I know the problem. 00:11:57.374 --> 00:11:58.810 You're having a heart attack. 00:11:58.810 --> 00:12:00.861 I'm going to order an EKG and a CAT scan 00:12:00.861 --> 00:12:04.203 for you immediately." 00:12:04.203 --> 00:12:05.831 And we are thinking, 00:12:05.831 --> 00:12:08.771 no, no, no. It's not a heart attack. He can breathe, 00:12:08.771 --> 00:12:13.768 just out of his mouth. No, no, no, no, no. 00:12:13.768 --> 00:12:16.031 And so we go back and forth with this doctor 00:12:16.031 --> 00:12:18.509 because we think this is the incorrect diagnosis, 00:12:18.509 --> 00:12:22.461 and he's like, "No really, it'll be fine, just calm down." 00:12:22.461 --> 00:12:26.380 And I'm thinking, how do you calm down? But I don't think he's having a heart attack. 00:12:26.380 --> 00:12:29.621 And so fortunately for us, this doctor was at the end of the shift. 00:12:29.621 --> 00:12:32.536 So this new doctor comes in, he sees us clearly 00:12:32.536 --> 00:12:35.537 distraught, with a husband who can't breath 00:12:35.537 --> 00:12:38.639 out of his nose. (Laughter) 00:12:38.639 --> 00:12:41.425 And he starts asking us questions. 00:12:41.425 --> 00:12:46.305 He says, "Well, do you two exercise?" 00:12:46.305 --> 00:12:53.378 We ride our bikes, we go to the gym occasionally. 00:12:53.378 --> 00:12:55.031 (Laughter) 00:12:55.031 --> 00:12:57.896 We move around. 00:12:57.896 --> 00:13:00.559 And he says, "What were you doing just before you came here?" 00:13:00.559 --> 00:13:03.271 I'm thinking, I was sleeping, honestly. 00:13:03.271 --> 00:13:06.102 But okay, what was Donald doing just before? 00:13:06.102 --> 00:13:09.650 So Donald goes into this slew of medications he was taking. 00:13:09.650 --> 00:13:12.612 He lists, "I took this decongestant and then I took this nasal spray," 00:13:12.612 --> 00:13:14.607 and then all of a sudden a lightbulb goes off and he says, 00:13:14.615 --> 00:13:18.242 "Oh! You should never mix this decongestant with this nasal spray. 00:13:18.242 --> 00:13:21.059 Clogs you up every time. Here, take this one instead." 00:13:21.059 --> 00:13:23.325 He gives us a prescription. 00:13:23.325 --> 00:13:25.315 We're looking at each other, and I looked at the doctor, 00:13:25.315 --> 00:13:27.541 and I said, "Why is it that it seems like you 00:13:27.541 --> 00:13:29.952 were able to accurately diagnose his condition, 00:13:29.952 --> 00:13:32.168 but this previous doctor wanted to order 00:13:32.168 --> 00:13:34.674 an EKG and a CAT scan?" 00:13:34.674 --> 00:13:37.281 And he looks at us and says, 00:13:37.281 --> 00:13:41.499 "Well, when a 350-pound man walks in the emergency room and says he can't breath, 00:13:41.499 --> 00:13:43.263 you assume he's having a heart attack 00:13:43.263 --> 00:13:47.212 and you ask questions later." 00:13:47.212 --> 00:13:52.932 Now, emergency room doctors are trained to make decisions quickly, 00:13:52.932 --> 00:13:55.023 but not always accurately. 00:13:55.023 --> 00:13:56.572 And so had we had some information 00:13:56.572 --> 00:13:58.966 about our heart health to share with him, 00:13:58.966 --> 00:14:02.741 maybe we would have gotten a better diagnosis the first time. NOTE Paragraph 00:14:02.741 --> 00:14:04.973 I want you to consider the following chart, 00:14:04.973 --> 00:14:06.927 of systolic blood pressure measurements 00:14:06.927 --> 00:14:10.999 from October 2010 to July 2012. 00:14:10.999 --> 00:14:12.692 You'll see that these measurements start 00:14:12.692 --> 00:14:16.360 in the prehypertension/hypertension zone, 00:14:16.360 --> 00:14:18.946 but over about the course of a year and a half 00:14:18.946 --> 00:14:21.591 they move into the normal zone. 00:14:21.591 --> 00:14:25.700 This is about the heart rate of a healthy 16-year-old. 00:14:25.700 --> 00:14:29.731 What story is this data telling you? 00:14:29.731 --> 00:14:32.612 Obviously it's the data from someone 00:14:32.612 --> 00:14:35.285 who's made a drastic transformation, 00:14:35.285 --> 00:14:40.443 and fortunately for us, that person happens to be here today. 00:14:40.443 --> 00:14:44.697 So that 350-pound guy that walked into the emergency room with me 00:14:44.697 --> 00:14:47.669 is now an even sexier and healthier 00:14:47.669 --> 00:14:54.357 225-pound guy, and that's his blood pressure trace. 00:14:54.357 --> 00:14:57.818 So over the course of that year and a half 00:14:57.818 --> 00:14:59.387 Donald's eating changed 00:14:59.387 --> 00:15:01.378 and our exercise regimen changed, 00:15:01.378 --> 00:15:04.168 and his heart rate responded, 00:15:04.168 --> 00:15:05.670 his blood pressure responded to that change 00:15:05.670 --> 00:15:07.969 that he made in his body. NOTE Paragraph 00:15:07.969 --> 00:15:09.947 So what's the take-home message 00:15:09.947 --> 00:15:13.661 that I want you to leave with today? 00:15:13.661 --> 00:15:18.035 By taking ownership of your data just like we've done, 00:15:18.035 --> 00:15:21.982 just by taking this daily measurements about yourself, 00:15:21.982 --> 00:15:24.491 you become the expert on your body. 00:15:24.491 --> 00:15:26.493 You become the authority. 00:15:26.493 --> 00:15:28.916 It's not hard to do. 00:15:28.916 --> 00:15:30.836 You don't have to have a Ph.D. in statistics 00:15:30.836 --> 00:15:32.168 to be an expert in yourself. 00:15:32.168 --> 00:15:33.609 You don't have to have a medical degree 00:15:33.609 --> 00:15:35.735 to be your body's expert. 00:15:35.735 --> 00:15:39.154 Medical doctors, they're experts on the population, 00:15:39.154 --> 00:15:41.432 but you are the expert on yourself. 00:15:41.432 --> 00:15:43.342 And so when two of you come together, 00:15:43.342 --> 00:15:45.312 when two experts come together, 00:15:45.312 --> 00:15:48.107 the two of you are able to make a better decision 00:15:48.107 --> 00:15:50.107 than just your doctor alone. 00:15:50.107 --> 00:15:53.874 Now that you understand the power of information 00:15:53.874 --> 00:15:55.745 that you can get through personal data collection, 00:15:55.745 --> 00:15:59.414 I'd like you all to stand and raise your right hand. 00:15:59.414 --> 00:16:01.973 (Laughter) 00:16:01.973 --> 00:16:04.093 Yes, get it up. 00:16:06.771 --> 00:16:13.679 I challenge you to take ownership of your data. 00:16:13.679 --> 00:16:17.241 And today, I hereby confer upon you 00:16:17.241 --> 00:16:21.586 a TEDx associate's degree in elementary statistics 00:16:21.586 --> 00:16:26.030 with a concentration in time-dependent data analysis 00:16:26.030 --> 00:16:29.743 with all the rights and privileges appertaining thereto. 00:16:29.743 --> 00:16:33.219 And so the next time you are in your doctor's office, 00:16:33.219 --> 00:16:36.410 as newly inducted statisticians, 00:16:36.410 --> 00:16:38.920 what should always be your response? 00:16:38.920 --> 00:16:40.752 Audience: Show me the data! Talithia Williams: I can't hear you! 00:16:40.752 --> 00:16:42.520 Audience: Show me the data! 00:16:42.520 --> 00:16:43.828 TW: One more time! 00:16:43.828 --> 00:16:45.367 Audience: Show me the data! 00:16:45.367 --> 00:16:46.549 TW: Show me the data. 00:16:46.549 --> 00:16:49.570 Thank you. 00:16:49.570 --> 00:16:54.370 (Applause)